|
|
| (102 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| Middle Trây numbers: teːmˀ, cynəl, ŋɜt, rœyp, kæhən, caːmˀ, løːc, hæjc, pat, sayl
| | #redirect [[Trây]] |
| ==Introduction==
| |
| {{PAGENAME}} is a [[Kammalic languages|Kammalic language]] inspired by Khmer and German, with the goal of using as many vowels as possible.
| |
| ==Diachronics==
| |
| *Branch with plosive cyclic shift: 1. s~ts < k < q; q < ʈ < t < ts; (tēma, qinōr, ɳattʼē, laupʼē, ʈaɭin, qʼāma, rōqʼē, ɭojqʼē, pʼattʼē, kʼeyōr)
| |
| *Stress: Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the third-to-last syllable.
| |
| *Long and short diphthongs merge
| |
| *Beginning of "2nd cycle shift": k > c > s; q > k > c; T > q > k; ŋ > ɲ; N > ŋ; r > l > ɭ > ʀ; ɭ > ʀ > h
| |
| *Umlaut: a e o u > æ i ø y; aa oo uu > ææ øø yy; e i > å ø y; ee ii > øø yy; øw, øj > øy
| |
| *First Khmerization:
| |
| **Before geminates: a > ɔ, i > e, u > o, e > æ, o > ɔ, aa > ɔɔ, ei > ee, ee > ææ, oo > ɔɔ, ou > oo, øy > øø, øø > əə, ai > ææ, au > ɔɔ, ii > ia, uu > ua
| |
| *Second plosive cycle shift completes; p p' > b p
| |
| *Syncope!
| |
| *Second Khmerization: breathy voice
| |
| **i > ɪə i
| |
| **iː > ɘi iː
| |
| **y > ʏə y
| |
| **yː > ɘy yː
| |
| **u > ʊə u
| |
| **uː > ɘu uː
| |
| **e > e ɪ
| |
| **eː > ei eː
| |
| **ø > ø ʏ
| |
| **øː > aø øː
| |
| **o > o ʊ
| |
| **oː > ao oː
| |
| **ɛ > æ ɛ
| |
| **ɛː > æː ɛː
| |
| **a > a ɜ
| |
| **aː > aː ɜː
| |
| **ɔ > ɒ ɔ
| |
| **ɔː > ɒː ɔː
| |
| **ai > ɔe ɛi
| |
| **au > ɛo ɔu
| |
| **ay > aø œy
| |
| **ei > æi ɪː
| |
| **ou > ou ʊː
| |
| **øy > ay ʏː
| |
| **iːə > eːə iːə
| |
| **yːə > øːə yːə
| |
| **uːə > oːə uːə
| |
| *R-vocalization
| |
| *Third Khmerization: +stød, -stød > -breathy, +breathy > vowel split
| |
| **i: > i:, iʝ, y: > y:, yɥ̝, u: > u:, uv̩ʷ
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
| |
| ! colspan="2"|
| |
| ! | Labial
| |
| ! | Alveolar
| |
| ! | Palatal
| |
| ! | Velar
| |
| ! | Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | Nasal
| |
| | /m/
| |
| | /n/
| |
| | /ɲ/
| |
| | /ŋ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Plosive/Affricate
| |
| | /p/
| |
| | /t/
| |
| | /c/
| |
| | /k/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Fricative
| |
| |
| |
| | /s/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Trill
| |
| |
| |
| | /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
| |
| | /w/
| |
| | /l/
| |
| | /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| Trây has 22 vowel qualities and 106 vowel nuclei. | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! colspan="4" colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | /i/
| |
| | /iː/
| |
| | /y/
| |
| | /yː/
| |
| | /ʉ/
| |
| | /ʉː/
| |
| | /ɯ/
| |
| | /ɯː/
| |
| | /u/
| |
| | /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Near-close
| |
| | /ɪ̟/
| |
| | /ɪ̟ː/
| |
| | /ʏ/
| |
| | /ʏː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /ш/
| |
| | /шː/
| |
| | /ʊ/
| |
| | /ʊː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close-mid
| |
| | /e/
| |
| | /eː/
| |
| | /ø/
| |
| | /øː/
| |
| | /ɘ/
| |
| | /ɘː/
| |
| | /ɤ/
| |
| | /ɤː/
| |
| | /o/
| |
| | /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open-mid
| |
| | /ɛ/
| |
| | /ɛː/
| |
| | /œ/
| |
| | /œː/
| |
| | /ɜ/
| |
| | /ɜː/
| |
| | /ʌ/
| |
| | /ʌː/
| |
| | /ɔ/
| |
| | /ɔː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | /æ/
| |
| | /æː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /a/
| |
| | /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /ɒ/
| |
| | /ɒː/
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Kammalic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
| |