Common Elvish: Difference between revisions

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 ==Morphology==
+In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:
+: ''HÚ'' "dog"
-M > N-, -NG-, -N (dark) / M- (bright)
+: ''ALBA'' "person"
+Sounds other than L and N are conserved at the end of roots:
-In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT. If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.
+: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"
+: ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death"
+With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:
-The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its adjective form without the last consonant, ''qu-''. The root ''HÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hu-'' [...]
+: ''HÚ'' "dog" > ''u húo''
+: ''ALBA'' "person" > ''i elbi''
+The plural:
+: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"
+:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"
+Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony:
+: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"
+: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language"
+: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"
+Masculine agreement in first-person triggers:
-Other roots besides L and N conserve thr third consonant though.
+: ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
+: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken"
+: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me"
--m-f-r- > mur > NUR- > nur "death"
+Feminine agreement in first-person triggers:
+: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
+: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
+: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me"
-The article:
-: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo''
-: ''alba'' "person" > ''i elbi''
+the first position is the subject followed by a copula;  sentences are SOV (the object is always NEUTER); and the possessor is always the second element:
-The plural:
+: ''u húo ëa quënda'' "
-: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"
+: ''ou hóua quëndaë bel'' "the dog speaks the language"
-:  > ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons
+: ''quëndáëa óua hóuada''  "the dog's language"
+Compare
-There is law in CE that within a root open syllables are long and closed syllables short
+: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the  language of his"
+: ''óua gondáëa'' "the languages"
-For the singular, add a colored vowel:
+Masculine roots:
-:''ALB'' "human / elf" > ''alba'' "human / elf"
+: hú, u húo, i níe,
-:''NÚR-'' "death" > ''núru'' "death"
+: hóua, ou hóua, ei néia,
-If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.
+: hóuada, óua hóuada, éia néiada
-:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"
-:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"
-If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.
+Neuter roots
+quënda, i benda, u gonda
+quëndaë, ei bendaë, ou gondaë
+quëndáëa, éia bendáëa, óua gondáëa
-:''QUE-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quenda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
+quënda (when non-subject of non-pronouns)
+benda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to masculine pronouns)
+gonda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to pronouns)
@@ Line 146: / Line 175: @@
-"
+quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/
-quoro
+a/ë > aë > áëa
-The personal pronouns:
+m > mb > lpm
+n > nd > ∅
+n > ng > rkn
+l > lb > mbl
+r > rd > ndr
-: ''ny'' "I", ''my'' "we"
+dalpmi / darcnu
-: ''luo, lie'' "you (sin.), ''rie'' "you (plu.)"
+i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
-: ''ou, ei'' "he, she", ''ū, ī'' "they"
+i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
+e (v) >
+P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
-The copula:
+N N-R-M (I)
+N N-R-H (U)
-:''eá'' "to be" (canonic ''ā- "to be")
+M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
+D-R-P-
-: ''il alba eri hú''  "the man is a dog" (Adamic ''avâla iru kufán'', Canonic ''vāh hu'')
+u><i, e><o, a><y
-:''il alba firi'' "the man is dead"  (Adamic ''avâla murá-su'', Canonic ''vāh muris'')
+u>o, i>e, a>y
-The construct state:
+ai ē
-:''hú il elbi'' "the man's dog"
+i > ei > eia
-'
+If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.
-LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language"
+:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"
-*irregular extension; compare ''gásca'' "throat"
+:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"
-ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten"
-lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
+If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.
-''hendë'', ''hendi'' "eye, eyes"
-húa (acc.)
-''quen'' "I speak"
-Quendar, quendi
-ni ben, embë bemmë
-ae bes, lye berrë
-il beli, endë belembar
-e-i [3p]
-Sound change: /i/ > /e/, /u/ > /i/ [not used in canonic forms]
-Reduxtion:
-Death: NÚR- (n.), PHIR- (adj.), (NGÚ-)
+:''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
-Sound: QUE- (n.), HIR- (adj.), BE- (
-''ben'' "I speak", ''bel'' "you speak", ''bes'' "he/she speaks"
+The personal pronouns:
+: ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)"
-''vāl'' > ''alfu''
+: ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)"
-''hul'' > ''húo''
-''qul'' > ''quele''
+: ''ou, ei'' "he, she"
-DARK ''húo'' "dog"
+lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
-BRIGHT ''alba'' "human"
 ==Sound Laws==