Interlingua/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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:''{{term|roc}}''   'rook' [chess]   →  ''roches''  'rooks'

~~Intralingua~~ has grammatical gender, ~~like~~ all Romance languages. Animate nouns are sex-neutral, unless they refer specifically to a male or a female in the lexicon. Thus, ''{{term|jornalista}}'' 'journalist' and ''{{term|scientista}}'' 'scientist' are usable of both men and women, even though ''{{term|rege}}'' 'king' and ''{{term|regina}}'' 'queen' are sex-specific. Feminine forms can be created by substituting final ''{{term|-a}}'' for a final ''-o'' or ''-e'' or by adding the suffix ''{{term|-essa}}''. So it is that gender refers more to the form (i.e. ending) than to sex.

Interlingua has no grammatical gender, unlike all Romance languages. Animate nouns are sex-neutral, unless they refer specifically to a male or a female in the lexicon. Thus, ''{{term|jornalista}}'' 'journalist' and ''{{term|scientista}}'' 'scientist' are usable of both men and women, even though ''{{term|rege}}'' 'king' and ''{{term|regina}}'' 'queen' are sex-specific. Feminine forms can be created by substituting final ''{{term|-a}}'' for a final ''-o'' or ''-e'' or by adding the suffix ''{{term|-essa}}''. So it is that gender refers more to the form (i.e. ending) than to sex.

:''{{term|puero}}''   'boy'   →  ''puera''  'girl'

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: ''belles oculos'' or ''oculos belles''   'beautiful eyes'

: ''una bona idea, una idea ingeniosa''   'a good idea, an ingenious idea'

~~An adjective or article has to agree with the noun it modifies, and such number and gender information is very helpful in determining what kind of things is being references.~~

~~:''le parves infantes''   'the little children';   but   ''le parves''   'the little ones'~~

Comparative degree is expressed by ''{{term|plus}}'' or ''{{term|minus}}'' preceding the adjective and superlative degree by ''le plus'' or ''la minus''.

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: ''Da le can a illes.''   'Give them the dog.'

~~Intralingua~~ follows the European custom of using the plural forms ''vos'' etc. rather than ''tu'' etc. in formal situations.

Interlingua follows the European custom of using the plural forms ''vos'' etc. rather than ''tu'' etc. in formal situations.

: ''Esque vos passava un viage placente, Seniora Chan?''   'Did you have a pleasant trip, Mrs. Chan?'

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There are four simple tenses: the present, past, future, and conditional.

* The present tense can be formed from the infinitive by removing the final ''-r''. It covers the simple and continuous present tenses in English. The verbs ''esser'' 'to be', ''haber'' 'to have', and ''vader'' 'to go' normally take the short forms ''es, ha,'' and ''va'' rather than ''esse, habe,'' and ''vade''.

* The present tense can be formed from the infinitive by removing the final ''-r''. It covers the simple and continuous present tenses in English. The verbs ''esser'' 'to be', ''haber'' 'to have', and ''{{C|vader}}'' 'to go' normally take the short forms ''es, ha,'' and ''va'' rather than ''esse, habe,'' and ''vade''.

:: ''Io ama mangos; io mangia un justo ora.''   'I love mangoes; I'm eating one right now.'

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[[Category:~~Intralingua~~]]

[[Category:Interlingua]]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 :''{{term|roc}}'' &nbsp; 'rook' [chess] &nbsp; → &nbsp;''roches''&nbsp; 'rooks'
-Intralingua has grammatical gender, like all Romance languages. Animate nouns are sex-neutral, unless they refer specifically to a male or a female in the lexicon. Thus, ''{{term|jornalista}}'' 'journalist' and ''{{term|scientista}}'' 'scientist' are usable of both men and women, even though ''{{term|rege}}'' 'king' and ''{{term|regina}}'' 'queen' are sex-specific. Feminine forms can be created by substituting final ''{{term|-a}}'' for a final ''-o'' or ''-e'' or by adding the suffix ''{{term|-essa}}''.  So it is that gender refers more to the form (i.e. ending) than to sex.
+Interlingua has no grammatical gender, unlike all Romance languages. Animate nouns are sex-neutral, unless they refer specifically to a male or a female in the lexicon. Thus, ''{{term|jornalista}}'' 'journalist' and ''{{term|scientista}}'' 'scientist' are usable of both men and women, even though ''{{term|rege}}'' 'king' and ''{{term|regina}}'' 'queen' are sex-specific. Feminine forms can be created by substituting final ''{{term|-a}}'' for a final ''-o'' or ''-e'' or by adding the suffix ''{{term|-essa}}''.  So it is that gender refers more to the form (i.e. ending) than to sex.
 :''{{term|puero}}'' &nbsp; 'boy' &nbsp; → &nbsp;''puera''&nbsp; 'girl'
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 : ''belles oculos'' or ''oculos belles'' &nbsp; 'beautiful eyes'
 : ''una bona idea, una idea ingeniosa'' &nbsp; 'a good idea, an ingenious idea'
-An adjective or article has to agree with the noun it modifies, and such number and gender information is very helpful in determining what kind of things is being references.
-:''le parves infantes'' &nbsp; 'the little children';  &nbsp; but  &nbsp; ''le parves'' &nbsp; 'the little ones'
 Comparative degree is expressed by ''{{term|plus}}'' or ''{{term|minus}}'' preceding the adjective and superlative degree by ''le plus'' or ''la minus''.
@@ Line 112: / Line 108: @@
 : ''Da le can a illes.'' &nbsp; 'Give them the dog.'
-Intralingua follows the European custom of using the plural forms ''vos'' etc. rather than ''tu'' etc. in formal situations.
+Interlingua follows the European custom of using the plural forms ''vos'' etc. rather than ''tu'' etc. in formal situations.
 : ''Esque vos passava un viage placente, Seniora Chan?'' &nbsp; 'Did you have a pleasant trip, Mrs. Chan?'
@@ Line 239: / Line 235: @@
 There are four simple tenses: the present, past, future, and conditional.
-* The present tense can be formed from the infinitive by removing the final ''-r''. It covers the simple and continuous present tenses in English. The verbs ''esser'' 'to be', ''haber'' 'to have', and ''vader'' 'to go' normally take the short forms ''es, ha,'' and ''va'' rather than ''esse, habe,'' and ''vade''.
+* The present tense can be formed from the infinitive by removing the final ''-r''. It covers the simple and continuous present tenses in English. The verbs ''esser'' 'to be', ''haber'' 'to have', and ''{{C|vader}}'' 'to go' normally take the short forms ''es, ha,'' and ''va'' rather than ''esse, habe,'' and ''vade''.
 :: ''Io ama mangos; io mangia un justo ora.'' &nbsp; 'I love mangoes; I'm eating one right now.'
@@ Line 410: / Line 406: @@
 {{Aquatiki}}
-[[Category:Intralingua]]
+[[Category:Interlingua]]