Alarian: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = | |name = Alarian | ||
|creator = Ronnie Lovell | |creator = Ronnie Lovell | ||
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne | |nativename = Démfa Alaríne | ||
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|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] | |fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] | ||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|ancestor = [[ | |ancestor = [[Classical Alarian|Classical Alarian]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Alarian''' (''dégua alaríne'', <small>Alarian:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɣʷä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series.<br> | ||
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria. | It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria. | ||
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Consonants of | |+ Consonants of Alarian | ||
! | ! | ||
! Bilabial | ! Bilabial | ||
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}} | | style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}} | | style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}} | ||
| | | style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}} | | style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/ | in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/ | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
The | The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Vowels of | |+ Vowels of Alarian | ||
| | | | ||
! [[front vowel|Front]] | ! [[front vowel|Front]] | ||
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===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù) | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
!colspan=34| | !colspan=34|Alarian Orthography | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"| | |align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ | |align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural - | Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!rowspan="2" | | !rowspan="2" | | ||
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!width="80px" | '''Plural''' | !width="80px" | '''Plural''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Base''' || présto || | | '''Base''' || présto || préstī | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || | | '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural - | Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -ē | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!rowspan="2" | | !rowspan="2" | | ||
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!width="80px" | '''Plural''' | !width="80px" | '''Plural''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Base''' || éza || | | '''Base''' || éza || ézē | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || | | '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézēs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural - | Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!rowspan="2" | | !rowspan="2" | | ||
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!width="80px" | '''Plural''' | !width="80px" | '''Plural''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Base''' || énde || | | '''Base''' || énde || éndī | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || | | '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* múta - female cat | * múta - female cat | ||
* múte - cat(in general)/feline | * múte - cat(in general)/feline | ||
==Adjectives== | ==Adjectives== | ||
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature | Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them.<br> | ||
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative: | |||
===Copula (to be)=== | ===Copula (to be)=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!width="100px" | '''Future''' | !width="100px" | '''Future''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu | | '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes | | '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe | | '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo | | '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto | | '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen | | '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
* tóþi'ru - I am there | * tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there | ||
* tjúto'res - You are loud | * tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud | ||
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid | * niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid | ||
* séti'rmo - we are quiet | * séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet | ||
* máto'rto - y'all are together | * máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together | ||
* sácro'ren - they are sacred | * sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred | ||
== | |||
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives | Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem.<br> | ||
*-iér- ('''more''' X) | |||
*-ìst- ('''most''' X) | |||
==Adverbs== | |||
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb. | |||
* créto | * créto | ||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Alarian]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||