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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vesenian consonant phonemes
! colspan="2" |
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Postalveolar/<br />Palatal
! Velar/<br />Guttural
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m
|
| n
| ɲ
| (ŋ)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! voiceless
| p
| t
|
| c ~ tʃ
| k
|-
! voiced
| b
| d
|
|
| ɡ
|-
<!--
! rowspan="2" | Affricate
! voiceless
|
| ts
| tʃ
|
|-
! voiced
|
| dz
| dʒ
|
|-
-->
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! voiceless
| f
| θ
| s
|
| x
|-
!  voiced
| v
| ð
| z
| ʝ
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
| (β̞)
| (ð̞)
|
| (j)
| (w), (ɣ˕)
|-
! colspan="2"| Lateral
|
|
| l
| ʎ
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Trill
|
|
| r
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Tap
|
|
| ɾ
|
|
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 95: Line 184:
* *ъ̄ > o
* *ъ̄ > o
* *e > ь / before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď)
* *e > ь / before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď)
* *o > vъ / initially before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď)
* *o > vъ / before j initially or after velars
* *o > ъ / non-initially before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď)
* *o > ъ / before j otherwise


'''''From Early Old Vesenian to Late Old Vesenian'''''
'''''From Early Old Vesenian to Late Old Vesenian'''''
Line 139: Line 228:
*uej > ui /u̯i/
*uej > ui /u̯i/
**This occurred after ''gC > jC'' and resulted in Old Vesenian ''ōgC'' becoming ''uiC''.
**This occurred after ''gC > jC'' and resulted in Old Vesenian ''ōgC'' becoming ''uiC''.
*Cuie > Cui
*uie > Cui
**This (and the change below) occurred after CvV > CuV
**This (and the change below) occurred after CvV > CuV
*Cui > Cuj / before non-front vowels
*ui > uj / before non-front vowels
*ue > u / _CiV
*ie > i / _CiV
'''Consonants'''
'''Consonants'''
*š /ç/ > x
*š /ç/ > x
Line 174: Line 265:
*ř > ř /r/
*ř > ř /r/
*m > n / word-finally
*m > n / word-finally
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Vesenian personal pronouns
! rowspan="2" |Person/ Number !! rowspan="2" | Subject !! rowspan="2"| Object !! rowspan="2"| Oblique !! rowspan="2"| Approximative !! colspan="2"| Clitic object !! colspan="2" |Possessive
|-
! Direct || Indirect || Weak || Strong
|-
! 1S
| ja || mene || menen || meneh ||  me || mi || mi || mije
|-
! 2S
| te || tebe || teben || tebeh || te || ti || ti || tije
|-
! 3SM
| ono || niego || niegon || niegoh || go || gi || gi || jego
|-
! 3SF
| ona || nijo || nijon || nijoh ||  jo || ji || ji || ije
|-
! 3R
| — || sebe || seben || sebeh || se || si || si || sije
|-
! 1P
| ne || namo || namon || namoh || ne || nas || nas || naso
|-
! 2P
| ve || vamo || vamon || vamoh || ve || vas || vas || vaso
|-
! 3PM
| oni || niho || nihon || nihoh || ho || hi || hi || iho
|-
! 3PF
| one || niho || nihon || nihoh || ho || hi || hi || iho
|-
|}
Strong possessives decline as adjectives.
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
Nouns
Nouns
Adjectives
Adjectives
Line 185: Line 311:
Particles
Particles
Derivational morphology
Derivational morphology
-->
===Nouns===
Original Proto-Slavic case forms were mostly lost, with some relics.
Possessive adjectives, equivalent to -'s in English, are formed with the suffixes ''-vo'' (added after the final vowel of masculine nouns ending in ''-o'' or ''-e'') and ''-ino'' (added to non-masculine nouns, replacing the final vowel). When formed from a plural noun, the suffix is ''-sevo'' (added after the final vowel of the plural).
The plural is regularly formed by changing the final vowel to ''-i'' (masculine) or ''-e'' (feminine). However, if this would result in the word ending in ''-ji'' or ''-ii'', the final vowel instead becomes ''-a'' (yielding ''-ja'' or ''-ia'' respectively). Many nouns have irregular plurals, often co-occurring with regular plurals.
An emphatic plural can be formed with the suffix ''-s'' added after the vowel of the regular plural. However, the emphatic plural is often used colloquially as the default plural.
The oblique is formed by adding a final nasal (''-n'') to a noun in the singular or plural.
The approximative (meaning "around X", "in the area of X", "approximately X") is formed by adding a final (''-h'') to the plural form of the noun.
===Adjectives===
Adjectives are declined as nouns and agree with them.
Unlike other Slavic languages, the long/definite forms of adjectives have been completely lost except for some relics.
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Vesenian numerals
! # !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
|-
! 0
| zero; niťe
| zereno
|-
! 1
| eno, ena
| pervo
|-
! 2
| dova, dove
| votoro
|-
! 3
| tri
| trete
|-
! 4
| ťeteri
| ťeterto
|-
! 5
| piente
| piento
|-
! 6
| seste
| sesto
|-
! 7
| sedme
| sedmo
|-
! 8
| osme
| osmo
|-
! 9
| deviente
| deviento
|-
! 10
| desiente
| desiento
|-
! 11
| enaťie
|
|-
! 12
| dovanaťie
|
|-
! 13
| trinaťie
|
|-
! 14
| ťeterinaťie
|
|-
! 15
| pientenaťie
|
|-
! 16
| sestenaťie
|
|-
! 17
| sedmenaťie
|
|-
! 18
| osmenaťie
|
|-
! 19
| devientenaťie
|
|-
! 20
| dovaťién
|
|-
! 21
| dovaťién i eno
|
|-
! 30
| triťién
|
|-
! 40
| ťeteriťién
|
|-
! 50
| pienteťién
|
|-
! 60
| sesteťién
|
|-
! 70
| sedmeťién
|
|-
!80
| osmeťién
|
|-
! 90
| devienteťién
|
|-
! 100
| soto
| soteno
|-
! 200
| dueste
| duesteno
|-
! 300
| trista
| tristeno
|-
! 400
| ťeteristo
|
|-
! 500
| pientesto
|
|-
! 1000
| tesienťa
|
|-
! 2000
| dove tesienťe
|
|}
===Verbs===
<!--
====To do====
*Collapse of lexical aspect
* ''-va-'' suffix for habitual
* ''-n-'' suffix (Proto-Slavic ''-nǫti'') for perfect(ive)
* ''-ťen-'' suffix for inchoative
* Likewise, use other perfective/imperfective suffixes for specific meanings (either inflectionally or derivationally)
* Prefixes are derivational and have their own meanings independent of aspect
* Aspect is regularly indicated by suffixes (except some fossilized forms)
* Develop new derivational and/or inflectional suffixes from other Proto-Slavic verbs, especially monosyllabic verbs-->
====Features====
* Lexical aspect is highly regularized.
* Most verbs regularly form the perfective and habitual from the imperfective (via the prefix ''po-'' and the suffix ''-va-'' respectively).
* Verbs that are inherently perfective form the imperfective via the ''-va-'' suffix appended to the perfective form. This applies to most prefixed verbs.
** Note: The ''-va-'' suffix is appended after the theme vowel, but a preceding ''-a-'' becomes ''-e-'' (except in monosyllabic or originally monosyllabic stems).
* A durative can be formed from any base verb (whether imperfective or perfective) by combining the prefix ''po-'' and the suffix ''-va-''. This gives a meaning of "to do (verb) for a period of time".
* Aspectual counterparts essentially behave as tense/aspect counterparts of a single verb.
* Verbs formed from imperfectives with prefixes other than ''po-'' are also usually perfective, but they have additional meaning and behave as derived verbs, with their own regularly formed imperfective, habitual, and durative aspectual forms.
====''a''-stems====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''dielati'' "to be doing" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| diel'''ati'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| diel'''anťe'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| diel'''alo'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| diel'''ano'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| diel'''anie'''
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| diel'''ó''' || diel'''ah''' ||
|-
! 2S
| diel'''ás''' || diel'''ases''' || diel'''aj'''
|-
! 3S
| diel'''á''' || diel'''ase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| diel'''amo''' || diel'''asmo''' || diel'''ajmo'''
|-
! 2P
| diel'''ate''' || diel'''aste''' || diel'''ajte'''
|-
! 3P
| diel'''án''' || diel'''ahon''' ||
|}
<!--
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''dielati'' "to be doing" (impf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| diel'''ó''' <br /> diel'''ajo'''|| diel'''aho''' ||
|-
! 2S
| diel'''ás''' <br /> diel'''ajes''' || diel'''ases''' || diel'''aj'''
|-
! 3S
| diel'''á''' <br /> diel'''aje''' || diel'''ase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| diel'''amo''' <br /> diel'''ajmo''' || diel'''asmo''' <br /> diel'''ahmo''' || diel'''ajmo'''
|-
! 2P
| diel'''ate''' <br /> diel'''ajte''' || diel'''aste''' || diel'''ajte'''
|-
! 3P
| diel'''án''' <br /> diel'''ajon''' || diel'''asen''' <br /> diel'''ahon''' ||
|}-->
====''ie''-stems====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''bilieti'' "to be whitening" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| bil'''ieti'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| bil'''ienťe'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| bil'''ielo'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| bil'''ieno'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| bil'''ienie'''
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| bil'''ijo''' || bil'''ieh''' ||
|-
! 2S
| bil'''ijes''' || bil'''ieses''' || bil'''í'''
|-
! 3S
| bil'''ije''' || bil'''iese''' ||
|-
! 1P
| bil'''imo''' || bil'''iesmo''' || bil'''imo'''
|-
! 2P
| bil'''ite''' || bil'''ieste''' || bil'''ite'''
|-
! 3P
| bil'''ijon''' || bil'''iehon''' ||
|}
<!--
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''bilieti'' "to be whitening" (impf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| bil'''ijo''' || bil'''ieho''' <br /> bil'''iaho''' ||
|-
! 2S
| bil'''ís''' <br /> bil'''ijes''' || bil'''ieses''' <br /> bil'''iases''' || bil'''í'''
|-
! 3S
| bil'''í''' <br /> bil'''ije''' || bil'''iese''' <br /> bil'''iase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| bil'''imo''' || bil'''iesmo''' <br /> bil'''iehmo''' <br /> bil'''iasmo''' <br /> bil'''iahmo''' || bil'''imo'''
|-
! 2P
| bil'''ite''' || bil'''ieste''' <br /> bil'''iaste''' || bil'''ite'''
|-
! 3P
| bil'''ijon''' || bil'''iesen''' <br /> bil'''iehon''' <br /> bil'''iasen''' <br /> bil'''iahon''' ||
|}-->
====''i''-stems====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''voditi'' "to be leading" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| vod'''iti'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| vod'''ienťe'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| vod'''ilo'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| vod'''ino'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| vod'''inie'''
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| vod'''io''' || vod'''ih''' ||
|-
! 2S
| vod'''is''' || vod'''ises''' || vod'''i'''
|-
! 3S
| vod'''i''' || vod'''ise''' ||
|-
! 1P
| vod'''imo''' || vod'''ismo''' || vod'''imo'''
|-
! 2P
| vod'''ite''' || vos'''iste''' || vod'''ite'''
|-
! 3P
| vod'''ien''' || vod'''ihon''' ||
|}
<!--
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''voditi'' "to be leading" (impf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| vo''ď'''''o''' || vod'''iho''' <br /> vo''ď'''''aho''' ||
|-
! 2S
| vod'''is''' || vod'''ises''' <br /> vo''ď'''''ases''' || vod'''i'''
|-
! 3S
| vod'''i''' || vod'''ise''' <br /> vo''ď'''''ase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| vod'''imo''' || vod'''ismo''' <br /> vod'''ihmo''' <br /> vo''ď'''''asmo''' <br /> vo''ď'''''ahmo''' || vod'''imo'''
|-
! 2P
| vod'''ite''' || vos'''iste''' <br /> vo''ď'''''aste''' || vod'''ite'''
|-
! 3P
| vod'''ien''' || vod'''isen''' <br /> vod'''ihon''' <br /> vo''ď'''''asen''' <br /> vo''ď'''''ahon''' ||
|}-->
====''u''-stems====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''tolkuati'' "to be interpreting" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| tolk'''uati'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| tolk'''ujenťe'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| tolk'''ualo'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| tolk'''uano'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| tolk'''uanie'''
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| tolk'''ujo''' || tolk'''uah''' ||
|-
! 2S
| tolk'''ujes''' || tolk'''uases''' || tolk'''uj'''
|-
! 3S
| tolk'''uje''' || tolk'''uase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| tolk'''ujmo''' || tolk'''uasmo''' || tolk'''ujmo'''
|-
! 2P
| tolk'''ujte''' || tolk'''uaste''' || tolk'''ujte'''
|-
! 3P
| tolk'''ujon''' || tolk'''uahon''' ||
|}
<!--
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''tolkuati'' "to be interpreting" (impf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| tolk'''ujo''' || tolk'''uaho''' ||
|-
! 2S
| tolk'''ujes''' || tolk'''uases''' || tolk'''uj'''
|-
! 3S
| tolk'''uje''' || tolk'''uase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| tolk'''ujmo''' || tolk'''uasmo''' <br /> tolk'''uahmo''' || tolk'''ujmo'''
|-
! 2P
| tolk'''ujte''' || tolk'''uaste''' || tolk'''ujte'''
|-
! 3P
| tolk'''ujon''' || tolk'''uasen''' <br /> tolk'''uahon''' ||
|}-->
====Consonant stems====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''paseti'' "to be grazing" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| pas'''eti'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| pas'''ienťe'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| pas'''elo'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| pas'''eno'''
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| pas'''enie'''
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| pas'''o''' || pas'''eh''' ||
|-
! 2S
| pas'''es''' || pas'''eses''' || pas'''i'''
|-
! 3S
| pas'''e''' || pas'''ese''' ||
|-
! 1P
| pas'''emo''' || pas'''esmo'''  || pas'''imo'''
|-
! 2P
| pas'''ete''' || pas'''este''' || pas'''ite'''
|-
! 3P
| pas'''on''' || pas'''ehon''' ||
|}
<!--
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''pasete'' "to be grazing" (impf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| ner'''o''' || ner'''eho''' <br /> ner'''iaho''' <br /> nier'''ho''' ||
|-
! 2S
| ner'''es''' || ner'''eses''' <br /> ner'''iases''' <br /> nier'''ses''' || ner'''i'''
|-
! 3S
| ner'''e''' || ner'''ese''' <br /> ner'''iase''' <br /> nier'''se''' ||
|-
! 1P
| ner'''emo''' <br /> ner'''mo''' || ner'''esmo''' <br /> ner'''ehmo''' <br /> ner'''iasmo''' <br /> ner'''iahmo''' <br/> nier'''homo'''  || ner'''iemo'''
|-
! 2P
| ner'''ete''' <br /> ner'''te''' || ner'''este''' <br /> ner'''iaste''' || ner'''iete'''
|-
! 3P
| ner'''on''' || ner'''esen''' <br /> ner'''ehon''' <br /> ner'''iasen''' <br /> ner'''iahon''' <br/> nier'''hon''' ||
|}-->
====Example of a regular verb====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''dielati'' "to be doing" (impf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! <!--Perfect !!--> Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| diel'''ó''' || <!--diél'''aho''' ||--> diel'''ah''' ||
|-
! 2S
| diel'''ás''' || <!--diel'''as''' ||--> diel'''ases''' || diel'''aj'''
|-
! 3S
| diel'''á''' || <!--diel'''a''' ||--> diel'''ase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| diel'''amo''' || <!--diel'''ahomo''' ||-- diel'''ahmo'''--> diel'''asmo''' || diel'''ajmo'''
|-
! 2P
| diel'''ate''' || <!--diél'''aste''' ||--> diel'''aste''' || diel'''ajte'''
|-
! 3P
| diel'''án''' || <!--diél'''asen''' ||-- diel'''ahon'''--> diel'''ahon''' ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''podielati'' "to have done" (perf.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! <!--Perfect !!--> Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| podiel'''ó''' || <!--diél'''aho''' ||--> podiel'''ah''' ||
|-
! 2S
| podiel'''ás''' || <!--diel'''as''' ||--> podiel'''ases''' || podiel'''aj'''
|-
! 3S
| podiel'''á''' || <!--diel'''a''' ||--> podiel'''ase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| podiel'''amo''' || <!--diel'''ahomo''' ||-- diel'''ahmo'''--> podiel'''asmo''' || podiel'''ajmo'''
|-
! 2P
| podiel'''ate''' || <!--diél'''aste''' ||--> podiel'''aste''' || podiel'''ajte'''
|-
! 3P
| podiel'''án''' || <!--diél'''asen''' ||-- diel'''ahon'''--> podiel'''ahon''' ||
|}
<!--
*The perfective equivalent is ''udielati''.-->
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''dielevati'' "to do" (hab.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! <!--Perfect !!--> Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| diel'''evó''' || <!--diél'''aho''' ||--> diel'''evah''' ||
|-
! 2S
| diel'''evás''' || <!--diel'''as''' ||--> diel'''evases''' || diel'''evaj'''
|-
! 3S
| diel'''evá''' || <!--diel'''a''' ||--> diel'''evase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| diel'''evamo''' || <!--diel'''ahomo''' ||-- diel'''ahmo'''--> diel'''evasmo''' || diel'''evajmo'''
|-
! 2P
| diel'''evate''' || <!--diél'''aste''' ||--> diel'''aste''' || diel'''evajte'''
|-
! 3P
| diel'''eván''' || <!--diél'''asen''' ||-- diel'''ahon'''--> diel'''evahon''' ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''podielevati'' "to do for a while" (dur.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! <!--Perfect !!--> Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| podiel'''evó''' || <!--diél'''aho''' ||--> podiel'''evah''' ||
|-
! 2S
| podiel'''evás''' || <!--diel'''as''' ||--> podiel'''evases''' || podiel'''evaj'''
|-
! 3S
| podiel'''evá''' || <!--diel'''a''' ||--> podiel'''evase''' ||
|-
! 1P
| podiel'''evamo''' || <!--podiel'''ahomo''' ||-- diel'''ahmo'''--> podiel'''evasmo''' || podiel'''evajmo'''
|-
! 2P
| podiel'''evate''' || <!--diél'''aste''' ||--> podiel'''aste''' || podiel'''evajte'''
|-
! 3P
| podiel'''eván''' || <!--diél'''asen''' ||-- diel'''ahon'''--> podiel'''evahon''' ||
|}
====Example of a highly irregular verb====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''beti'' "to be" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| beti
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="3"| sienťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="3"| belo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="3"| beno
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="3"| benie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Future !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| esme || beh || buendo ||
|-
! 2S
| es || beses || buendes || buendi
|-
! 3S
| e || bese || buende ||
|-
! 1P
| esmo || besmo  || buendemo || buendimo
|-
! 2P
| este || beste || buendete || buendite
|-
! 3P
| suen || behon || buendon ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''estati'' "to be, become" (perf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| estati
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| estanťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| estalo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| —
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| estanie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| estano || estah ||
|-
! 2S
| estanes || estases || estani
|-
! 3S
| estane || estase ||
|-
! 1P
| estanemo || estasmo  || estanimo
|-
! 2P
| estanete || esaste || estanite
|-
! 3P
| estanon || estahon ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''bevati'' "to be" (hab.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| bevati
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| bevanťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| bevalo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| —
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| bevanie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| bevó || bevah ||
|-
! 2S
| bevás || bevases || bevaj
|-
! 3S
| bevá || bevase ||
|-
! 1P
| bevamo || bevasmo  || bevajmo
|-
! 2P
| bevate || bevaste || bevajte
|-
! 3P
| beván || bevahon ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''estavati'' "to become" (hab.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| estavati
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| estavanťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| estavalo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| —
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| estavanie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| estavó || estavah ||
|-
! 2S
| estavás || estavases || estavaj
|-
! 3S
| estavá || estavase ||
|-
! 1P
| estavamo || estavasmo  || estavajmo
|-
! 2P
| estavate || estavaste || estavajte
|-
! 3P
| estaván || estavahon ||
|}


-->
Other forms:
* Durative: ''postavati'' "to be for a while"


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
<!--
PS: Vьśi ľudьje rodętь sę svobodьni i orvьni vъ dostojьnьstvě i zakoně. Oni sǫtь odařeni orzumomь i sъvěstьjǫ i dъlžьni vesti sę drugъ kъ drugu vъ duśě bratrьstva.
OCS: Vĭsi bo ljudije rodętŭ sę svobodĭni i ravĭni vŭ dostoinĭstvě i zakoně. Oni sǫtŭ odarjeni razumomĭ i sŭvědijǫ i dŭlžĭni sǫtŭ dějati vŭ dusě bratĭstva.-->
Vesi ľudie rodien se soboni e isti vo dostineston i zakonon. Suen odaruani so uerzumon i soviesten, i tierba ťe  ...
IPA: /ˈvesi ˈʎudje ˈrodjen‿se soˈboni e ˈisti vo dostiˈneston i zaˈkonon ‖ swen odaˈɾwani so weɾˈzumon i soˈvjesten | i ˈtjeɾba θe  .../
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[[Vesenian/Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


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