Rose Island Creole: Difference between revisions

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~~{{construction}}~~

{{infobox language

| name = Rose Island Creole

Line 11:

Line 10:

| speakers = 145,000

| date = 2024

| speakers2 = (As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[~~w:Esperanto|~~Esperanto]].)

| speakers2 = (As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[Esperanto]].)

| familycolor = Mixed

| fam1 = Esperanto Creole

| fam1 = [[Esperanto]]

| state = ~~Republic of~~ Rose Island

| fam2 = Esperanto Creole

| state = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]

Rose Island

| official = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]

Rose Island

| notice = ipa

}}

'''Rose Island Creole'''(Rose Island Creole: ''krjolo rozinslo'', [[Help:IPA|[krˈjolo roˈzinslo]]]; Esperanto: ''kreolo de la Insulo de la Rozoj'' or ''kreolo Roza'', [[w:Help:IPA/Esperanto|[kreˈolo ˈroza]]]) is an [[~~w:Esperanto|~~Esperanto]]-based [[w:Creole language|creole language~~]] and the [[w:Vernacular language|vernacular~~]] and one of two official languages(aside from Esperanto) of the [[w:Republic of Rose Island|Republic of Rose Island]](Rose Island Creole: ''respubliko rozinslo''), and is spoken by the vast majority of the population alongside Esperanto.

'''Rose Island Creole'''(Rose Island Creole: ''krjolo rozinslo'', [[Help:IPA|[krˈjolo roˈzinslo]]]; Esperanto: ''kreolo de la Insulo de la Rozoj'' or ''kreolo Roza'', [[w:Help:IPA/Esperanto|[kreˈolo ˈroza]]]) is an [[Esperanto]]-based [[w:Creole language|creole language]] and one of two official languages(aside from Esperanto) of the [[w:Republic of Rose Island|Republic of Rose Island]](Rose Island Creole: ''respubliko rozinslo''), and is spoken by the vast majority of the population alongside Esperanto.

The language emerged during the Second Great Migration(Rose Island Creole: ''~~uaslo~~ la''; Esperanto: ''La dua granda alveno''), a period between 1981-1994 where thousands of migrants from across the world arrived in the rapidly expanding and economically developing Republic of Rose Island, where contact between primarily already Esperantist inhabitants with the vastly non-Esperantist new arrivals led to the need for a [[w:Pidgin language|pidgin language]] to facilitate communication. Vocabulary is derived from many sources, with standard Esperanto making a surprisingly small ~25% of it. The grammar is also completely unique from Esperanto and takes inspiration from many sources, though some have noticed similarities with [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]. As such, Rose Island Creole is mostly mutually unintelligible with standard Esperanto.

The language emerged during the Second Great Migration(Rose Island Creole: ''waslo la''; Esperanto: ''La dua granda alveno''), a period between 1981-1994 where thousands of migrants from across the world arrived in the rapidly expanding and economically developing Republic of Rose Island, where contact between primarily already Esperantist inhabitants with the vastly non-Esperantist new arrivals led to the need for a [[w:Pidgin language|pidgin language]] to facilitate communication. Vocabulary is derived from many sources, with standard Esperanto making a surprisingly small ~25% of it. The grammar is also completely unique from Esperanto and takes inspiration from many sources, though some have noticed similarities with [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]. As such, Rose Island Creole is mostly mutually unintelligible with standard Esperanto.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar

|-

! Plosive

| p b || || t d || || || k g

|-

! Nasal

| m || (ɱ) || n || || ɲ || ŋ

|-

! Fricative

| colspan=2 | f v || s z || ʒ || ||

|-

! Affricate

| || || t͡s~d͡z || t͡ʃ (d͡ʒ) || ||

|-

! Semivowel

| w || || r || || j ||

|-

! Lateral approximant

| || || l || || ||

|}

/t͡s/ and /d͡z/ exist in free variation, while /dʒ/ is an allophone of /ʒ/ after /n/. /r/ also exists as a phoneme, but its pronunciation is incredibly variable among Creole speakers. At the very least, it has been attested as an alveolar trill /r/, an alveolar tap /ɾ/, an alveolar approximant /ɹ/, the retroflex tap /ɽ/, the retroflex approximant /ɻ/, uvular trills /ʀ/ or voiced fricatives /ʁ/, and in some cases(particularly with families of Korean and Japanese origin) merging with /l/, particularly in initial positions(''rejo la'' "king" [rejo] > [lejo]). At the most extreme, in the Progmarola dialect, /r/ in non-initial positions is often dropped entirely, as in ''krjolo'' [krjolo] > [kjolo].

===Vowels===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Front !! Back

|-

! Close

| i || u

|-

! Mid

| e || o

|-

! Open

| colspan=2 | a

|}

==Grammar==

===Word order===

In Esperanto, aside from existential verb phrases, word order is completely free thanks to the accusative case, which marks the direct object in any sentence. Thus, ''mi parolas Esperanton'', ''parolas mi Esperanton'' and ''Esperanton mi parolas'' all mean "I speak Esperanto". However, in Creole, the accusative case was dropped, thus word order is now always subject-initial. However, the verb-object order after the subject remains free, so ''mi pal krjolo'' and ''mi krjolo pal'' are both grammatically correct and mean "I speak Creole"; however, ''*krjolo mi pal'' would literally be "Creole speaks me", and is thus grammatically incorrect.

===Nouns===

====Number====

Line 44:

Line 88:

| ''la biciklo'' || ''la bicikloj''

|}

====Possession====

There are two ways to indicate possession(''pesejo'') in Creole. First, the article ''a'' can be placed before the possessor, as in:

: '''''A''' mi butejo''

: "'''My''' bottle"

The second way is by simply placing the possessor after the head, as in:

: ''Butejo mi''

: "My bottle"

===Pronouns===

====Pro-dropping====

Generally in Creole, it is common for the subject, including personal pronouns, to be dropped when this can be inferred from the context. In this context, for example, somebody is apologising as they will be late.

: ''A '''mi''' mal, '''mi''' o tad.''

: "Sorry, I'm going to be late."

If you think about it, it's already kind of obvious the speaker is talking about themselves being late. Thus, a Creole speaker would probably drop any of use of ''mi'' "I" in that sentence.

: ''A mal, o tad.''

To most Creole speakers, this can be as well understood as ''A mi mal, mi o tad'', and is even more concise. Thus, most Creole speakers often choose to drop any personal pronouns in these contexts.

====Demonstrative====

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

Line 51:

Line 111:

|-

! Proximal

| ''tu'' || ''tu je''

| ''ti'' || ''ti je''

|-

! Distal

| ''ci'' || ''ci je''

|}

Though ''tu'' and ''tu je'' are derived from Esperanto ''tiu'' "that" and ''tiuj'' "those", the proximity have been swapped. This has been speculated to be because the actual words for "this" and "these" in Esperanto, ''ĉi tiu'' and ''ĉi tiuj'', are more complex than ''tiu'' and ''tiuj'', which may have led to an association of proximality with the simpler term, hence the swapping of meanings.

Though ''ti'' and ''ti je'' are derived from Esperanto ''tiu'' "that" and ''tiuj'' "those", the proximity have been swapped. This has been speculated to be because the actual words for "this" and "these" in Esperanto, ''ĉi tiu'' and ''ĉi tiuj'', are more complex than ''tiu'' and ''tiuj'', which may have led to an association of proximality with the simpler term, hence the swapping of meanings.

====Personal====

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Line 130:

| ''mi je''

|-

! colspan=2 | 2st

! colspan=2 | 2nd

| colspan=2 | ''vi''

|-

! colspan=2 | 3st

! colspan=2 | 3rd

| ''li'' || ''(li) je''

|}

Rose Island Creole is a peculiar creole in that incorporates distinction of clusivity in plural first person pronouns. For example, the inclusive ''ni'' would refer to the speaker, the addressee and somebody else, while the exclusive ''mi je'' would refer to the speaker and somebody else while excluding the addressee. This distinction does not occur in standard Esperanto.

Rose Island Creole is a peculiar creole in that incorporates distinction of clusivity in plural first person pronouns. For example, the inclusive ''ni'' would refer to the speaker, the addressee and/or somebody else, while the exclusive ''mi je'' would refer to the speaker and somebody else while excluding the addressee. This distinction does not occur in standard Esperanto.

Though the 3rd person pronouns ''li'' and ''li je'' are ungendered, one can specify the gender if they so wished with the use of the words ''omo'' "man" or ''ino'' "woman". If the gender to be specified is neutral(e.g. non-binarity or simply a mixed group of men and women), ''li womo je'' can be used, though this is uncommon. Instead, most speakers use the standard ''li''/''li je'' or simply ''womo je'' "the people".

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Male !! Female

|-

! Singular

| ''li omo'' || ''li ino''

|-

! Plural

| ''li omo je'' || ''li ino je''

|}

===Verbs===

====The verbal paradigm====

Creole mimics the verbal paradigm of [[w:Esperanto grammar|Esperanto]], though they are significantly altered. The verb ''falej'' "to fall" is used in the following table to demonstrate.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Indicative !! Active participle !! Conditional !! Volitive !! Infinitive

|-

! Past

| ''fal'''i''''' || ''fal'''ea''''' || rowspan=3 | ''fal'''un''''' || rowspan=3 | ''fal'''u''''' || rowspan=3 | ''fal'''ej'''''

|-

! Present

| ''fal'' || ''fal'''ya'''''

|-

! Future

| ''fal'''o''''' || ''fal'''wa'''''

|}

====Copula====

Rose Island Creole only really uses ''ei'', the copula, when the [[#Pro-dropping|pronoun is dropped]]. ''Ei'' is conjugated based on tense: ''a'' for present, ''e'' for past and ''o'' for future tense. For example:

: '''''O''' tad.''

: "[I] '''will be''' late."

''Ei'' is also used to mark the [[w:Participle|passive participle]], as in ''mi levya'' "I am rising" and ''mi '''a''' levya'' "''lit.'' I am being risen; I am being carried upwards". In all other cases, copula is dropped, as in:

: ''Tempo la adka, blujo la blua.''

: "The weather is warm, the sky is blue."

====Existential verb====

The existential("there is") verb in Creole is ''pes'', which is also used to mean "to have"(derived from Esperanto ''posedi'' "to possess"). For example:

: '''''Pes''' ingxo ci la.''

: "'''There''' is a dog there."

==Vocabulary==

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! Rose Island Creole !! Esperanto !! English

|-

| rowspan=2 | Sal || Saluton || Hello

|-

| Sal || Hi

|-

| Petu || Bonvolu || Please

|-

| Cxao || rowspan=3 | Adiaŭ || rowspan=3 | Bye

|-

| Cxus

|-

| Cxan

|-

| Lo pi tad! || Ĝis revido! || See you later!

|-

| O tad || Mi malfruos || I will be late

|-

| Bo nok || Bonan nokton || Good night

|-

| rowspan=2 | Bo matem || Bonan matenon || Good morning

|-

| Bonan tagon || Good day

|-

| Danki || Dankon || Thank you

|-

| Danki mwal || Koran dankon || Thank you very much

|-

| Pregon || Nedankinde || You're welcome

|-

| No (mi) gwotya || Mi ne komprenas || I do not understand

|-

| A (mi) mal || Pardonu (min) || Sorry

|}

==Example texts==

Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in {{#if: {{{lang}}}|{{PAGENAME}}|{{{lang}}}}}:

: ''Je womo nacit lib k wotuwotu na garimo k na rajto. Li je pes gwotejo k migwotejo k dun kopat lo ala na a fradewa swolo.''

Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[Esperanto]]:

: ''Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco.''

Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[w:English language|English]]:

: ''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{construction}}
 {{infobox language
 | name = Rose Island Creole
@@ Line 11: / Line 10: @@
 | speakers = 145,000
 | date = 2024
-| speakers2 = <small>(As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[w:Esperanto|Esperanto]].)</small>
+| speakers2 = <small>(As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[Esperanto]].)</small>
 | familycolor = Mixed
-| fam1 = Esperanto Creole
+| fam1 = [[Esperanto]]
-| state = Republic of Rose Island
+| fam2 = Esperanto Creole
+| state = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]
+Rose Island
+| official = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]
+Rose Island
 | notice = ipa
 }}
-'''Rose Island Creole'''(Rose Island Creole: ''krjolo rozinslo'', [[Help:IPA|[krˈjolo roˈzinslo]]]; Esperanto: ''kreolo de la Insulo de la Rozoj'' or ''kreolo Roza'', [[w:Help:IPA/Esperanto|[kreˈolo ˈroza]]]) is an [[w:Esperanto|Esperanto]]-based [[w:Creole language|creole language]] and the [[w:Vernacular language|vernacular]] and one of two official languages(aside from Esperanto) of the [[w:Republic of Rose Island|Republic of Rose Island]](Rose Island Creole: ''respubliko rozinslo''), and is spoken by the vast majority of the population alongside Esperanto.
+'''Rose Island Creole'''(Rose Island Creole: ''krjolo rozinslo'', [[Help:IPA|[krˈjolo roˈzinslo]]]; Esperanto: ''kreolo de la Insulo de la Rozoj'' or ''kreolo Roza'', [[w:Help:IPA/Esperanto|[kreˈolo ˈroza]]]) is an [[Esperanto]]-based [[w:Creole language|creole language]] and one of two official languages(aside from Esperanto) of the [[w:Republic of Rose Island|Republic of Rose Island]](Rose Island Creole: ''respubliko rozinslo''), and is spoken by the vast majority of the population alongside Esperanto.
-The language emerged during the Second Great Migration(Rose Island Creole: ''uaslo la''; Esperanto: ''La dua granda alveno''), a period between 1981-1994 where thousands of migrants from across the world arrived in the rapidly expanding and economically developing Republic of Rose Island, where contact between primarily already Esperantist inhabitants with the vastly non-Esperantist new arrivals led to the need for a [[w:Pidgin language|pidgin language]] to facilitate communication. Vocabulary is derived from many sources, with standard Esperanto making a surprisingly small ~25% of it. The grammar is also completely unique from Esperanto and takes inspiration from many sources, though some have noticed similarities with [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]. As such, Rose Island Creole is mostly mutually unintelligible with standard Esperanto.
+The language emerged during the Second Great Migration(Rose Island Creole: ''waslo la''; Esperanto: ''La dua granda alveno''), a period between 1981-1994 where thousands of migrants from across the world arrived in the rapidly expanding and economically developing Republic of Rose Island, where contact between primarily already Esperantist inhabitants with the vastly non-Esperantist new arrivals led to the need for a [[w:Pidgin language|pidgin language]] to facilitate communication. Vocabulary is derived from many sources, with standard Esperanto making a surprisingly small ~25% of it. The grammar is also completely unique from Esperanto and takes inspiration from many sources, though some have noticed similarities with [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]. As such, Rose Island Creole is mostly mutually unintelligible with standard Esperanto.
+==Phonology==
+===Consonants===
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
+|-
+! Plosive
+| p b || || t d || || || k g
+|-
+! Nasal
+| m || (ɱ) || n || || ɲ || ŋ
+|-
+! Fricative
+| colspan=2 | f v || s z || ʒ || ||
+|-
+! Affricate
+| || || t͡s~d͡z || t͡ʃ (d͡ʒ) || ||
+|-
+! Semivowel
+| w || || r || || j ||
+|-
+! Lateral approximant
+| || || l || || ||
+|}
+/t͡s/ and /d͡z/ exist in free variation, while /dʒ/ is an allophone of /ʒ/ after /n/. /r/ also exists as a phoneme, but its pronunciation is incredibly variable among Creole speakers. At the very least, it has been attested as an alveolar trill /r/, an alveolar tap /ɾ/, an alveolar approximant /ɹ/, the retroflex tap /ɽ/, the retroflex approximant /ɻ/, uvular trills /ʀ/ or voiced fricatives /ʁ/, and in some cases(particularly with families of Korean and Japanese origin) merging with /l/, particularly in initial positions(''rejo la'' "king" [rejo] > [lejo]). At the most extreme, in the Progmarola dialect, /r/ in non-initial positions is often dropped entirely, as in ''krjolo'' [krjolo] > [kjolo].
+===Vowels===
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Front !! Back
+|-
+! Close
+| i || u
+|-
+! Mid
+| e || o
+|-
+! Open
+| colspan=2 | a
+|}
 ==Grammar==
+===Word order===
+In Esperanto, aside from existential verb phrases, word order is completely free thanks to the accusative case, which marks the direct object in any sentence. Thus, ''mi parolas Esperanton'', ''parolas mi Esperanton'' and ''Esperanton mi parolas'' all mean "I speak Esperanto". However, in Creole, the accusative case was dropped, thus word order is now always subject-initial. However, the verb-object order after the subject remains free, so ''mi pal krjolo'' and ''mi krjolo pal'' are both grammatically correct and mean "I speak Creole"; however, ''*krjolo mi pal'' would literally be "Creole speaks me", and is thus grammatically incorrect.
 ===Nouns===
 ====Number====
@@ Line 44: / Line 88: @@
 | ''la biciklo'' || ''la bicikloj''
 |}
+====Possession====
+There are two ways to indicate possession(''pesejo'') in Creole. First, the article ''a'' can be placed before the possessor, as in:
+: '''''A''' mi butejo''
+: "'''My''' bottle"
+The second way is by simply placing the possessor after the head, as in:
+: ''Butejo mi''
+: "My bottle"
 ===Pronouns===
+====Pro-dropping====
+Generally in Creole, it is common for the subject, including personal pronouns, to be dropped when this can be inferred from the context. In this context, for example, somebody is apologising as they will be late.
+: ''A '''mi''' mal, '''mi''' o tad.''
+: "Sorry, I'm going to be late."
+If you think about it, it's already kind of obvious the speaker is talking about themselves being late. Thus, a Creole speaker would probably drop any of use of ''mi'' "I" in that sentence.
+: ''A mal, o tad.''
+To most Creole speakers, this can be as well understood as ''A mi mal, mi o tad'', and is even more concise. Thus, most Creole speakers often choose to drop any personal pronouns in these contexts.
 ====Demonstrative====
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 51: / Line 111: @@
 |-
 ! Proximal
-| ''tu'' || ''tu je''
+| ''ti'' || ''ti je''
 |-
 ! Distal
 | ''ci'' || ''ci je''
 |}
-Though ''tu'' and ''tu je'' are derived from Esperanto ''tiu'' "that" and ''tiuj'' "those", the proximity have been swapped. This has been speculated to be because the actual words for "this" and "these" in Esperanto, ''ĉi tiu'' and ''ĉi tiuj'', are more complex than ''tiu'' and ''tiuj'', which may have led to an association of proximality with the simpler term, hence the swapping of meanings.
+Though ''ti'' and ''ti je'' are derived from Esperanto ''tiu'' "that" and ''tiuj'' "those", the proximity have been swapped. This has been speculated to be because the actual words for "this" and "these" in Esperanto, ''ĉi tiu'' and ''ĉi tiuj'', are more complex than ''tiu'' and ''tiuj'', which may have led to an association of proximality with the simpler term, hence the swapping of meanings.
 ====Personal====
@@ Line 70: / Line 130: @@
 | ''mi je''
 |-
-! colspan=2 | 2<sup>st</sup>
+! colspan=2 | 2<sup>nd</sup>
 | colspan=2 | ''vi''
 |-
-! colspan=2 | 3<sup>st</sup>
+! colspan=2 | 3<sup>rd</sup>
 | ''li'' || ''(li) je''
 |}
-Rose Island Creole is a peculiar creole in that incorporates distinction of clusivity in plural first person pronouns. For example, the inclusive ''ni'' would refer to the speaker, the addressee and somebody else, while the exclusive ''mi je'' would refer to the speaker and somebody else while excluding the addressee. This distinction does not occur in standard Esperanto.
+Rose Island Creole is a peculiar creole in that incorporates distinction of clusivity in plural first person pronouns. For example, the inclusive ''ni'' would refer to the speaker, the addressee and/or somebody else, while the exclusive ''mi je'' would refer to the speaker and somebody else while excluding the addressee. This distinction does not occur in standard Esperanto.
+Though the 3rd person pronouns ''li'' and ''li je'' are ungendered, one can specify the gender if they so wished with the use of the words ''omo'' "man" or ''ino'' "woman". If the gender to be specified is neutral(e.g. non-binarity or simply a mixed group of men and women), ''li womo je'' can be used, though this is uncommon. Instead, most speakers use the standard ''li''/''li je'' or simply ''womo je'' "the people".
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Male !! Female
+|-
+! Singular
+| ''li omo'' || ''li ino''
+|-
+! Plural
+| ''li omo je'' || ''li ino je''
+|}
+===Verbs===
+====The verbal paradigm====
+Creole mimics the verbal paradigm of [[w:Esperanto grammar|Esperanto]], though they are significantly altered. The verb ''falej'' "to fall" is used in the following table to demonstrate.
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Indicative !! Active participle !! Conditional !! Volitive !! Infinitive
+|-
+! Past
+| ''fal'''i''''' || ''fal'''ea''''' || rowspan=3 | ''fal'''un''''' || rowspan=3 | ''fal'''u''''' || rowspan=3 | ''fal'''ej'''''
+|-
+! Present
+| ''fal'' || ''fal'''ya'''''
+|-
+! Future
+| ''fal'''o''''' || ''fal'''wa'''''
+|}
+====Copula====
+Rose Island Creole only really uses ''ei'', the copula, when the [[#Pro-dropping|pronoun is dropped]]. ''Ei'' is conjugated based on tense: ''a'' for present, ''e'' for past and ''o'' for future tense. For example:
+: '''''O''' tad.''
+: "[I] '''will be''' late."
+''Ei'' is also used to mark the [[w:Participle|passive participle]], as in ''mi levya'' "I am rising" and ''mi '''a''' levya'' "''lit.'' I am being risen; I am being carried upwards". In all other cases, copula is dropped, as in:
+: ''Tempo la adka, blujo la blua.''
+: "The weather is warm, the sky is blue."
+====Existential verb====
+The existential("there is") verb in Creole is ''pes'', which is also used to mean "to have"(derived from Esperanto ''posedi'' "to possess"). For example:
+: '''''Pes''' ingxo ci la.''
+: "'''There''' is a dog there."
+==Vocabulary==
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! Rose Island Creole !! Esperanto !! English
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | Sal || Saluton || Hello
+|-
+| Sal || Hi
+|-
+| Petu || Bonvolu || Please
+|-
+| Cxao || rowspan=3 | Adiaŭ || rowspan=3 | Bye
+|-
+| Cxus
+|-
+| Cxan
+|-
+| Lo pi tad! || Ĝis revido! || See you later!
+|-
+| O tad || Mi malfruos || I will be late
+|-
+| Bo nok || Bonan nokton || Good night
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | Bo matem || Bonan matenon || Good morning
+|-
+| Bonan tagon || Good day
+|-
+| Danki || Dankon || Thank you
+|-
+| Danki mwal || Koran dankon || Thank you very much
+|-
+| Pregon || Nedankinde || You're welcome
+|-
+| No (mi) gwotya || Mi ne komprenas || I do not understand
+|-
+| A (mi) mal || Pardonu (min) || Sorry
+|}
+==Example texts==
+Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in {{#if: {{{lang}}}|{{PAGENAME}}|{{{lang}}}}}:
+: ''Je womo nacit lib k wotuwotu na garimo k na rajto. Li je pes gwotejo k migwotejo k dun kopat lo ala na a fradewa swolo.''
+Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[Esperanto]]:
+: ''Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco.''
+Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[w:English language|English]]:
+: ''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
 [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Creole languages]]