Neck Thai: Difference between revisions
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[[Neck Thai/Lexicon|Lexicon]] | |||
{{Infobox language | |||
|image = Nékthij_dòai.png | |||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
|nativename = dòai Nékthijʔ | |||
|pronunciation = /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/ | |||
|region = Nékthijmien | |||
|setting = Hussmauch | |||
|states = | |||
|speakers = 20 million | |||
|date = 2200 v.C. | |||
|familycolor=Tai-Kadai | |||
|fam1=[[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye]] | |||
|fam2=[[Tie languages|Tie]] | |||
|script={{PAGENAME}} abugida | |||
}} | |||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''dòai Nék-thijʔ'' /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/) is a [[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye language]] with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (''Nékthijmien'') | |||
==Todo== | |||
*''Phlét Kwaai'' = Capital of Neck Thailand | |||
==Diachronics== | |||
===Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic=== | |||
===Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai=== | |||
===Old Neck Thai to Modern Neck Thai=== | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
====Initials==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} initials''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Coart. | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |Plosive | |||
!|<small>plain</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| '''tj''' /tɕ/ | |||
| '''k''' /k/ | |||
| | |||
| /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
!|<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| '''ph''' /pʰ/ | |||
| '''th''' /tʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''tjh''' /tɕʰ/ | |||
| '''kh''' /kʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!|<small>implosive</small> | |||
| '''b''' /ɓ~b/ | |||
| '''d''' /ɗ~d/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
| '''v''' /f/ | |||
| '''z''' /s/ | |||
| '''sch''' /ɧ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /x/ | |||
| | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"|Approximant | |||
| '''w''' /ʋ/ | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| | |||
| '''j''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Liquid | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, schr, kl, khl, gl, kr, khr, gr, kw, khw''' | |||
Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ]. | |||
====Finals==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} finals''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Dorsal | |||
! |Laryngeal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' [m] | |||
| '''n''' [n] | |||
| '''ng''' [ŋ] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Plosive | |||
| '''p''' [p̚] | |||
| '''t''' [t̚] | |||
| '''k''' [k̚] | |||
| ''' ' ''' [ʔ] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |App. | |||
| ('''uw''' [w]) | |||
| '''l''' [l] | |||
| ('''i''' [j]) | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
====Monophthongs==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} monophthongs''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''ie''' /iː/ | |||
| '''u''' /ʉ/ | |||
| '''uu''' /ʉː/ | |||
| '''œ''' /u/ | |||
| '''oe''' /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close-mid | |||
| '''e''' /e/ | |||
| '''ee''' /eː/ | |||
| '''eo''' /ə/ | |||
| '''eu''' /ɵː/ | |||
| '''o''' /o/ | |||
| '''oo''' /oː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open-mid | |||
| '''æ''' /ɛ/ | |||
| '''ae''' /ɛː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ọ''' /ɔ/ | |||
| '''oa''' /ɔː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a''' /ɐ/ | |||
| '''aa''' /aː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
====Diphthongs==== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"|Long | |||
!colspan="2"|Short | |||
|- | |||
!Neck Thai | |||
!IPA | |||
!Neck Thai | |||
!IPA | |||
|- | |||
|'''aai''' | |||
|{{IPA|/aːj/}} | |||
|'''ij''' | |||
|{{IPA|/aj/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''aauw''' | |||
|{{IPA|/aːw/}} | |||
|'''ou''' | |||
|{{IPA|/aw/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''ia''' | |||
|{{IPA|/iːɐ/}} | |||
|'''ia' ''' | |||
|{{IPA|/iɐʔ/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''ieuw''' | |||
|{{IPA|/iːw/}} | |||
|– | |||
|– | |||
|- | |||
|'''oea''' | |||
|{{IPA|/uːɐ/}} | |||
|'''oea' ''' | |||
|{{IPA|/uɐʔ/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''oei''' | |||
|{{IPA|/uːj/}} | |||
|'''œi''' | |||
|/uj/ | |||
|- | |||
|'''eeuw''' | |||
|{{IPA|/eːw/}} | |||
|'''euw''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ew/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''aeuw''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ɛːw/}} | |||
|– | |||
|– | |||
|- | |||
|'''ua''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ʉːɐ/}} | |||
|'''ua' ''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ʉɐʔ/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''eui''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ɵːj/}} | |||
|'''ui''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ɵj/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''oai''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ɔːj/}} | |||
|– | |||
|– | |||
|- | |||
|'''ooi''' | |||
|{{IPA|/oːj/}} | |||
|'''oi''' | |||
|{{IPA|/oj/}} | |||
|} | |||
====Triphthongs==== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
!Neck Thai | |||
!IPA | |||
|- | |||
|'''iauw''' | |||
|{{IPA|/iɐw/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''oeai''' | |||
|{{IPA|/uɐj/}} | |||
|- | |||
|'''uai''' | |||
|{{IPA|/ʉɐj/}} | |||
|} | |||
===Tones=== | |||
Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones. | |||
*Mid: ''raa'' /rāː/ [raː˧] 'easy' | |||
*Low: ''ràa'' /ràː/ [raː˨˩] 'loud' | |||
*Falling: ''râa'' /râː/ [raː˥˩˩] 'fruit' | |||
*High: ''ráa'' /ráː/ [raː˥] 'white' | |||
*Rising: ''raaʔ'' /rǎː/ [raː˨˩˦] 'vase' | |||
==Orthography== | |||
Neck Thai is written in a version of the [[Tergetian]] abugida. | |||
*'''∑ ε''' - ''tràap'' (Wiebian ''Trab'') | |||
*'''Ь ь''' - ''khan'' (Wiebian ''Galst'') | |||
*'''Ǝ 3''' - ''kon'' (Wiebian ''Koll'') | |||
*'''Φ ϕ''' - ''wia'' (Wiebian ''Wirr'') | |||
*'''Ṭ !''' - ''nâak'' (Wiebian ''Narch'') | |||
*'''Ξ ξ''' - ''lék'' (Wiebian ''Lecken'') | |||
*'''Κ κ''' - ''krìet'' (Wiebian ''Kried'') | |||
*'''Z z''' - ''vèkhîet'' (Wiebian ''Pfegied'') | |||
*'''F f''' - ''ang'' (Wiebian ''Ang'') | |||
*'''∇ ʋ̌''' - ''ǃxìjp'' (Wiebian ''Ŧeib'') | |||
*'''Λ λ''' - ''jam'' (Wiebian ''Jamm'') | |||
*'''∫ s''' - ''vìt'' (Wiebian ''Fitt'') | |||
*'''Þ þ''' - ''mâek'' (Wiebian ''Μersch'') | |||
*'''Ψ ψ''' - ''thák'' (Wiebian ''Dachel'') | |||
*'''Θ θ''' - ''ǃxhrôek'' (Wiebian ''Đruch'') | |||
*'''X x''' - ''ríp'' (Wiebian ''Rift'') | |||
*'''℘ ρ''' - ''gát'' (Primitive Tergetian ''ġattis'') | |||
*'''V v''' - ''schànàat'' (Wiebian ''Schnad'') | |||
*'''W w''' - ''thíschà schànàat'' (Wiebian ''discher Schnad'') (for high-class /s/ in native words) | |||
*'''Q q''' - ''hamʔ'' (Wiebian ''Hammel'') | |||
*'''Г г''' - ''phrôek'' (Wiebian ''Brug'') | |||
*'''8 γ''' - ''sèkham'' (Wiebian ''Zegahm'') (for mid-class /s/ deriving from Wiebian ''z'') | |||
===Vowel symbols=== | |||
*^t = /ɐ/ | |||
*_t = /aː/ | |||
*^n, ^{2t} = /e/ | |||
*_n, _{2t} = /eː/ | |||
*^m = /ɛ/ | |||
*_m, ^n∞, _n∞ = /ɛː/ | |||
*^2 = /i/ | |||
*_2 = /i/ | |||
*_2∞ = /iːɐ/ | |||
*^r = /o/ | |||
*_r = /oː/ | |||
*^N = /ɔ/ | |||
*_N, ^r∞, _r∞ = /ɔː/ | |||
*_i = /uː/ | |||
*_i∞ = /uːɐ/ | |||
*^{2r} = /ɤ/ | |||
*_{2r}, ^{2r}∞, _{2r}∞ = /ɤː/ | |||
*^{2i} = /ɯ/ | |||
*_{2i} = /ɯː/ | |||
*_{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/ | |||
==Grammar== | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
*I: ''khôet'' | |||
*thou: ''òeng'' | |||
*we: ''ngàe'' | |||
==Loanwords== | |||
Many {{PAGENAME}} words are [[Wiebian]] loanwords which come from all stages of Wiebian, Ancient Wiebian to modern lects. [[Tergetian]] and [[Whetmer]] are also significant sources of loanwords. | |||
Loanwords from [[Ancient Wiebian]]: | |||
*''hét'' 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian ''Heste'' /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife') | |||
==Numbers== | |||
uum - 0 | |||
tjhanʔ - 1 | |||
ijʔ - 2 | |||
vòet - 3 | |||
gâai - 4 | |||
zèng - 5 | |||
!xìet - 6 | |||
vae - 7 | |||
nôea - 8 | |||
ngîat - 9 | |||
ràat - 10 | |||
jæ̂ng - 100 | |||
==Derivational morphology== | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | |||