Linguifex

Umbrean: Difference between revisions

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{{privatelang}}
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{{revamp}}
{{construction}}
{{ClassMeter
{{ClassMeter
|Name      = Umbrean
|Name      = Umbrean
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===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|{{style}} border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style=" height: 171px;"
{|{{style}}  
! scope="row"|
! scope="row"|
! scope="col" colspan=2|Front
! scope="col" colspan=2|Front
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The syllable structure is decently complex where the {{lg|Onset|onset}}, the consonants prior to the vowel, and the {{lg|Coda|coda}}, consonants after the vowel, both can take two consonants. The onset and coda acts both independed of each other and can take the following forms.
The syllable structure is decently complex where the {{lg|Onset|onset}}, the consonants prior to the vowel, and the {{lg|Coda|coda}}, consonants after the vowel, both can take two consonants. The onset and coda acts both independed of each other and can take the following forms.


{| {{style}} style="width: 200px;text-align: center;"
{| {{style|center}}  
! colspan=5 | Syllable Structure
! colspan=5 | Syllable Structure
|-
|-
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The umbrean verbs are conjugated for tense, aspect, mood and voice mainly. There is a residual conjugation for person and the grammatical gender of items but much of it has been lost. The conjugation is done by a primary vowel first followed by some sounds. The primary vowel is depended on which tense, mood and which gender and or person of the subject, agent or object noun is, which of the three depends on the verb.. The vowel comes in three classes, First, Second and Third kind. The vowel table tells which vowel is used while the Voice-Aspect-Tense, VAT, table tells which set to use on which VAT combination along with the remaining sounds around.
The umbrean verbs are conjugated for tense, aspect, mood and voice mainly. There is a residual conjugation for person and the grammatical gender of items but much of it has been lost. The conjugation is done by a primary vowel first followed by some sounds. The primary vowel is depended on which tense, mood and which gender and or person of the subject, agent or object noun is, which of the three depends on the verb.. The vowel comes in three classes, First, Second and Third kind. The vowel table tells which vowel is used while the Voice-Aspect-Tense, VAT, table tells which set to use on which VAT combination along with the remaining sounds around.


''Circumstantial Voice'':
An important differens for the Circumstantial voice is that it requires a particle infront of the verb. The postposition that it is meant to replace is used as a particle in its naked form, no addition of affixes due to gender or person.


''Negation'':
''Negation'':


Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.
Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is, along with a suffix prior to it. -ŋ- prior to the VAT vowel, unless the final consonant prior is plosive velar, k or g, in which it is -m- instead.


:{| {{style|center}}
:{| {{style|center}}
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|}
|}


<big>'''Mood'''</big>


The mood is conjugated on the polarity vowel and the consonant prior.
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#VAT|Verb Examples]]''


'''F''': Any Fricative


'''A''': Any Affricative
====Mood====


'''P''': Any plosive
The mood is conjugated on the VAT vowel, the front where a prefix is placed depending on the mood and a suffix prior to the VAT vowel.


'''N''': Any nasal
{| {{style|center}}
 
! Mood
:{| {{style|center}}
! Prefix
!
! Suffix
! Indicative
|-
! Optative
! Optative
| a-
| -l
|-
! Subjunctive
! Subjunctive
| uu-
| -lj
|-
! Imperative
! Imperative
| i-
| -lw
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Mood|Examples]]''
====Circumstantial Voice====
The circumstantial voice is the oddball of the voices, to mark it one has to first mark it on the verb but it requires the postposition it is forcing into the subject position to act as a particle infront of the verb itself with some modifications. The modification is depended upon which case one would use with the postposition
{| {{style|center}}
! Pst
| (ë)lj- '''PP'''
|-
|-
! 1
! Int
| -'''F'''
| tlj(ë)- '''PP'''
| -'''F'''m
| -'''F'''mj
| -'''F'''p / '''F'''b
|-
|-
! 2
! Erg
| -'''A'''
| slj(ë)- '''PP'''
| -'''A'''ll
| -'''A'''f / -'''A'''v
| -'''A'''p / '''A'''b
|-
|-
! 3
! Acc
| -'''P'''
| mlj(ë)- '''PP'''
| -'''P'''ff / -'''P'''vvj
| -'''P'''lw
| -'''PP'''<sup>L</sup>
|-
! 4
| -'''N'''
| -'''N'''lw
| -'''N'''ll
| -'''NN'''<sup>L</sup>
|-
! 5
| -l
| -lts
| -lǧw
| -lv
|}
|}


<sup>L</sup>:These forms the sound is geminized.
the initial ë disappears if it begins with a vowel.
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Circumstantial Voice|Examples]]''


===Participle===
===Participle===


In umbrean participles serves two purposes, the first one is similar to english where it takes on an adjective characteristic describing a noun, "The '''walking''' man", but with the differens of having one for every tense.
====Adjectival====
In umbrean participles serves three purposes, the first one is similar to english where it takes on an adjective characteristic describing a noun, "The '''walking''' man", but with the differens of having one for every tense.


The second is for relative clauses, "The man '''whom I like'''" where the verb is turned into a participle but the sentence itself remains otherwise the same, and is like unlike english placed infront of the noun it describes.
The second is for relative clauses, "The man '''whom I like'''" where the verb is turned into a participle but the sentence itself remains otherwise the same, and is like unlike english placed infront of the noun it describes.


To get the subject or object back into the clause one uses the Postpositions Kwë and Tlë, both highly irregular, before the participle with the noun in their proper case.
And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.
 
To get the subject or object back into the clause one simply puts the noun infront of the participle in postpositional case, similar to "The '''man''' eating woman".


Active voice cannot be used in participles.
Active voice cannot be used in participles.


To form a participle the conjugated verb is taken with the addition of a vowel which is depended on the tense in question and a consonant which depends on the gender of the subject that is being relativized, doesn't matter which of the two uses, and the voice in question.
To form a participle the conjugated verb is taken with the addition of a vowel which is depended on the tense in question and a consonant which depends on the gender of the subject that is being relativized, doesn't matter which of the two uses, and the voice in question. The vowel may be omitted when phonotactics allows it.


:{|{{style|center}}
:{|{{style|center}}
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| colspan=2 | -ë / -ö <br>(<small>Futurum Termius</small>)
| colspan=2 | -ë / -ö <br>(<small>Futurum Termius</small>)
|}
|}


:{|{{style|center}}
:{|{{style|center}}
! rowspan=2 | Gender
! Rowspan=3 | Number
! colspan=3 | Voice
! rowspan=3 | Gender
! colspan=8 | Voice
|-
|-
! Anti-Passive
! colspan=3 | Anti-Passive
! Passive
! colspan=3 | Passive
! Circumstantial
! colspan=2 | Circumstantial
|-
! int / acc || erg || pst
! int / erg || acc || pst
! int / pst || erg/acc
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Sg
! Liv
! Liv
| rowspan=2 | -lj
| rowspan=3 | -vj || -zzj || rowspan=4 | -bb
| -t
| -žw || -nn || -dw
| rowspan=2 | gj
| rowspan=2 | -dž || -šw
|-
|-
! Mag
! Mag
| rowspan=3 | -ǧw
| rowspan=2 | -zz
| rowspan=2 | -ǧw
| -mj || rowspan=3 | -ttw
| -šš
|-
|-
! Art
! Art
| rowspan=2 | -mm
| rowspan=2 | -nn
| rowspan=2 | -tšw
| rowspan=2 | -džw || rowspan=2 | -ššw
|-
! Non
| -ff || -zw
| -žw
|-
|-
! Non
! rowspan=2 | Pc
|}
! {{red|Mag}}/{{green|Liv}}
 
| rowspan=2 | -vvdj || -zwd || rowspan=2 | -ddw
:{| {{style|center}}
| rowspan=2 | -žwdj || rowspan=2 | -m || -dj
!
| rowspan=2 | -dž || -tš
! Base
! Passive<br>Present<br>1p/2p<br>Liv
! Anti-Passive<br>Present<br>3p<br>Mag
|-
|-
! Conjugation
! {{purple|Art}}/{{blue|Non}}
| rowspan=2 | Ödz
| -dzj
| Ödzešš
| -tj
| Ödzots
| -tšw
|-
|-
! Participle
! colspan=2 | Plural
| Ödzeššët
| -vm || -zzjn || -sn
| Ödzetsëlj
| -žn || -mm || -sjn
| -džm || -šn
|}
|}


===Gerund===
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjectival Participle|Examples]]''
The gerund form of the verbs are used to create noun clauses similar to english "That" clauses. "I know '''that he is a nice guy'''"
 
====Adverbial====
The adverbial participle is formed in a similar manner to the adjectival participle but there are differenses.


The gerund is formed by adding these endings to the conjugated form and is depended on case and the polarity of the verb.
The verb is conjugated but the VAT vowel is replaced with a different set. and the ending changes only according to the voice.


:{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! rowspan=2 | Case
! rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | Suffix
! colspan=2 | Indicative
! colspan=2 | Optative
! colspan=2 | Subjunctive
|-
|-
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! +
! -
! -
|-
|-
| Int
! V<sub>1</sub>
| -ël
| -e || -üü
| -öl
| -ii || -u
|-
| -o || -ee
| Erg
| -ëssl
| -ösl
|-
|-
| Acc
! V<sub>2</sub>
| -ëmjl
| -e || -aa
| -öml
| -yy || -i
| -ë || -öö
|-
|-
| Pst
! V<sub>3</sub>
| -ëtšwl
| -ë || -ö
| -ötšwl
| -e || -ii
| -o || -a
|}
|}


:{| {{style|center}}
 
!
{| {{style|center}}
! Base
! !! + !! -
! Passive Present<br>1p/2p
|-
! Anti-Passive<br>Present<br>1p/2p
! Passive
| -(y)n || -(aa)m
|-
|-
! Conjugation
! Anti-passive
| rowspan=2 | Ödz
| -(im) || -(ë)n
| Ödzešš
| Ödzots
|-
|-
! Noun Clause
! Circumstantial
| Ödzeššël
| -(y)ŋ || -(ii)ŋ
| Ödzotsël
|}
|}


===Supine===
The vowel in the voice-polarity suffix is not used in present tempus or where phonotactics allows it's omition
The supine describes actions done for the purpose of something. In english it is often the infitive form of the verb, "We walked over to Ronald '''To help him'''".


Supines don't take conjugational affixation but rather these to mark positive or negative, to do or not to do it.
The adverbial participle can be used in several manners and each manner usually requires a specific set of tempuses to be used
 
#'''Causual'''
#*H. Causum or Causum is used
#*Answers "Why?" the verb occures
#'''Temporal'''
#*Present, Aortis & Futurum is used
#*Answers "When" The verb happened
#'''Locational'''
#*Ingressus,  Pausa & Futurum Termius
#*Answers where it occured.
#'''Manner'''
#*Present is used alone, is always contemporary.
#*Answers "how" a verb was done.
#'''Result'''
#*Consequentum or F. Consequenta is used
#*Tells what outcome the verb has.
#'''Concession'''
#*Ingressus, Present & Initio, Futurum Termius
#*The verb happened despite the action or state of the participle.
 
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adverbial Participle|Examples]]''
 
===Supine===
The supine describes actions done for the purpose of something or a result of the action. In english it is often the infitive form of the verb, "We walked over to Ronald '''To help him'''". Important to notice is that the supine, unlike adverbial participles, can inherently take an object if it neccesitates it.
 
Can also mark the purpose of a noun if used infront of them.
 
Supines don't take conjugational affixation but rather these to mark positive or negative, to do or not to do it.


:{| {{style|center}}
:{| {{style|center}}
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|}
|}


===Modal Forms===
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Supine|Examples]]''
<!-- {{Um-Name|}}-->


Umbrean verbs can take on 4 modal forms which is used for both modality purposes as a verb but can also function as adjectives on their own.
===Gerund===
The gerund form of the verbs are used to create noun clauses similar to english "That" clauses. "I know '''that he is a nice guy'''"


'''Verb form'''
The gerund is formed by adding these endings to the conjugated form and is depended on case and the polarity of the verb.


The verb form is used along as any normal verb, the positive form and negative form refers to the polarity of the modality. While there is general derivation of each of the three forms some verbs do not follow it and have other forms in the quadrouplet.
:{| {{style|center}}
 
! rowspan=2 | Case
'''Adjectival form'''
! colspan=2 | Suffix
 
The adjectival form works as the name itself suggests like an adjective, the suffixes are put onto the verb and then treated like a normal adjective that has to take on adjectival affixes. The anti-passive form focuses on the subject while the passive one focuses on the object.
 
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=5 | Adjectival Modality
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! +
! colspan=2 | Verb form
! -
! colspan=2 | Adjective Form
|-
|-
! colspan=1 | Positive
| Int
! colspan=1 | Negative
| -ël
! colspan=1 | Passive
| -öl
! colspan=1 | Anti-passive
|-
|-
! Base
| Erg
| -Ø || -yǧ
| -ëssl
| -ösl
|-
| Acc
| -ëml
| -öml
|-
| Pst
| -ëtšwl
| -ötšwl
|}
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Gerund|Examples]]''
 
===Infinitives===
 
===Modal Forms===
<!-- {{Um-Name|}}-->
 
Umbrean verbs can take on 8 modal forms which is used for both modality purposes as a verb but can also function as adjectives on their own.
 
'''Verb form'''
 
The verb form is used along as any normal verb, the positive form and negative form refers to the polarity of the modality. While there is general derivation of each of the three forms some verbs do not follow it and have other forms in the quadrouplet. This infix is often placed between the vowel and the final consonants in the last syllable of the root.
 
'''Adjectival form'''
 
The adjectival form works as the name itself suggests like an adjective, the suffixes are put onto the verb and then treated like a normal adjective that has to take on adjectival affixes. The anti-passive form focuses on the subject while the passive one focuses on the object.
 
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=5 | Adjectival Modality
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=1 |
! colspan=2 | Verb form
! colspan=2 | Adjective Form
|-
! colspan=1 | Positive
! colspan=1 | Negative
! colspan=1 | Passive
! colspan=1 | Anti-passive
|-
! colspan=1 | Base
| colspan=1 | -Ø
| -žžw(y)<sup>1</sup>- <br> -ššw(y)<sup>1</sup>-
| - || -
| - || -
|-
|-
! Gerundive
! Gerundive
| -ot || -oss
| -ssj(o)- <br> -zzj(o)- || -dzw(ëë)- <br> -tsw(ëë)-
| -ošt || -off
|-
|-
! Abilitative
! Abilitative
| -idw || -izw
| -v(e)- <br> -f(e)- || -p(u)- <br> -b(u)-
| -imj || -imml
|-
|-
! Hypothetical
! Hypothetical
| -ëpj ||-ëvj
| -nj(y)- || -m(üü)-
| -eešf || -ešš
|}
|}


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*'''Hypothetical''': Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object or subject of the verb
*'''Hypothetical''': Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object or subject of the verb


===Nominalization===
<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
===Ditransitive Verbs===
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Modal Verbs|Examples]]''
 
===Sequence of tenses===
Umbrean uses {{lg|Relative Tenses}} meaning subclauses are put into present tense if they happened at the sametime as the main verb, past if it occured before the verb and future if it occured after the main verb.
 
===Nominalization===
 
===Ditransitive Verbs===
{{see|sub|Ditransitive verbs}}
 
{{lg|Ditransitive Verbs}} in the umbrean language are arranged in the fashion of '''{{yellow|S}}{{purple|O<sub>1</sub>}}V{{cyan|O<sub>2</sub>}}.''' The first object is the theme, indirect object, and the second object is the recipient (direct object) and the Subject is the Donor.
 
'''{{yellow|S}}{{purple|O<sub>T</sub>}}V{{cyan|O<sub>R</sub>}}.'''
 
English Examples: "I give him a book" vs "I gave a book to him", "He asked me a question" vs "He asked a question to me"
 
'''{{yellow|Donor}}''': The donor is the one that does verb, in case of the verb "give" it gives something. "'''{{yellow|I}}''' gave him a book" "'''{{yellow|He}}''' asked me a question."
 
'''{{purple|Theme}}''': The theme is the object which is transferred or undergoing the verb directly, like a book in giving. "I gave him '''{{purple|a book}}'''" ""He asked me '''{{purple|a question}}'''"
 
'''{{cyan|Recipient}}''': The recipient recieves the Theme in some manner in an indirect manner, it is common for the recipient to be said by a prepositional phrase in english. "I gave '''{{cyan|him}}''' a book" "He asked '''{{cyan|me}}''' a question".
 
====Cases====
 
The donor takes on the Ergative case, Theme takes the accusative case and Recipient takes on postpositional case.


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
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| -'''{{blue|V}}'''  || -'''{{green|V}}''' || -'''{{red|V}}'''v
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''  || -'''{{green|V}}''' || -'''{{red|V}}'''v
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''lw || -'''{{red|V}}'''ll || -'''{{red|V}}'''vjl
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''lw || -'''{{red|V}}'''ll || -'''{{red|V}}'''vjl
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''tl || -'''{{red|V}}'''tl || -'''{{green|V}}'''tlw
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''tl || -'''{{red|V}}'''tl || -'''{{green|V}}'''tl
|-
|-
! Erg
! Erg
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''ss || -'''{{blue|V}}'''zw || -'''{{red|V}}'''sw
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''ss || -'''{{blue|V}}'''sw || -'''{{red|V}}'''sw
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''sl || -'''{{blue|V}}'''zwlj || -'''{{green|V}}'''lz
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''sl || -'''{{blue|V}}'''zwlj || -'''{{green|V}}'''lz
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''tsw || -'''{{green|V}}'''dzw || -'''{{blue|V}}'''sswëtl
| -'''{{blue|V}}'''tsw || -'''{{green|V}}'''dzw || -'''{{blue|V}}'''sswëtl
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{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Declensions
! colspan=5 | Declensions
|-
|-
! Name
! rowspan=2 | Dec
! Vowels
! colspan=4 | Gender
|-
! Mag
! Liv
! Art
! Non
|-
|-
| 1st
! 1st
| a-ee-u
| a-ee-u
| y-o-öö
| ee-i-ë
| ü-uu-e
|-
|-
| 2nd
! 2nd
|
| ii-o-e
| ii-o-e
| o-a-üü
|-
|-
| 3rd
! 3rd
|  
|
|-
|
| 4th
| y-uu-o
|  
|-
| 5th
|
|-
| 6th
|
|-
| 7th
|
|}
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Declension|Examples]]''


===Possession===
===Possession===
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Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.
Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.


In both cases the possessed comes before the possessor in the word order.
In both cases the possessed comes after the possessor in the word order.
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Possession|Examples]]''


==Adjective==
==Adjective==
===Declension===
===Declension===
===Predicate===
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=8 | Base form
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=4 | Singular
! colspan=2 | Paucal
! rowspan=2 | Plural
|-
! Mag
! Liv
! Art
! Non
! {{red|Mag}}/{{green|Liv}}
! {{purple|Art}}/{{blue|Non}}
|-
! Int
| -t || -s || -tt || -t
| -t || -d
| -dz
|-
! Erg
| -sj || -s || -sj || -ssw
| -ssw || -ts
| -dz
|-
! Acc
| -mj || -m || -m || -m
| -mm || -mm
| -mj
|-
! Pst
| -tsw || -tsw || -tt || -sw
| -tsj || -tsj
| -ssw
|}
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjective|Examples]]''
 
===Predicate===
 
==Postposition==
==Postposition==
{{see|sub|Postpositions}}
{{see|sub|Postpositions}}
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===Inflection===
===Inflection===
{| {{style|center}}
{|{{style|enter}}
! colspan=1 rowspan=1 |
! colspan=2 |  
! Pst !! Int !! Erg !! Acc
! Sg
! Pc
! Pl
|-
! rowspan=4 | 3rd
! Mag
| -a || rowspan=2 | -ëssw || rowspan=4 | -eŋj
|-
! Liv
| -ö
|-
! Art
| -y || rowspan=2 | -os
|-
|-
! 3rd
! Non
| -Ø or -(ë) || -e || -o || -y
| -o
|-
|-
! 2nd
! colspan=2 | 2nd
| -ug || rowspan=2 | -ëtt || colspan=2 | -ekk
| -itw || -osw || -enw
|-
|-
! 1st
! colspan=2 | 1st
| -aam  || -onn || -yyn
| -itj || -osj || -ymj
|}
|}


==Pro-Forms==
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Postpositions|Examples]]''
As a highly fusional and inflectional language the umbrean language is rich in its morphology of pro-forms. The pro-forms retain some ancient cases which is used as nouns and it has no adverbial pro-forms like english "here" or "There" which is replaced with nouns. Quite a few things can be confusing for an english speaker as Umbrean makes distinctions that english does not.
 
==Word Order==
 
==Deixis, Proforms & Anaphora==
Umbrean {{lg|Deixis}}, anaphora or pro-forms, are numerous and quite sensitive to alot of grammar and pragmatic situations.


'''{{lg|Determiner}}''': They occure before the noun and refers to the noun somehow. "'''This''' hat" "'''That''' hat" "'''Some''' hats"
'''{{lg|Determiner}}''': They occure before the noun and refers to the noun somehow. "'''This''' hat" "'''That''' hat" "'''Some''' hats"
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:{| {{style|center}}
===Discourse===
! colspan=2| Case
Discourse Deixis are used to refer to entire segments of an utterence or even the utterence itself. Examples, "'''''This''' is fun''", "'''''That''' way of looking at it is wrong''"
! Desription
*Mlje: That, a segment that was mentioned prior to now
! Exampel
*Mle: This, Refers to the utterence itself
*Mlwe: This, refers to a segment that is about to be uttered or will be in a short time
 
'''Mlwe''' may be used to mark objects, like a demonstratives, that one is about to explain. "''Walking I saw '''this''' dog''"
 
===Interrogative===
Interogative forms are used to ask for questions. While english makes no distinction between Determiner form, '''''what''' animal ate those?'', and Pro-noun form, '''''What''' fell on him?'', Umbrean does and heavily so.
====Interrogative Determiner====
These are the determiner forms, Magical and Living gender, along with Artificial and Non-moving, have identical forms within their own gender due and it changes according to number and case.
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=7 | Interrogative Determiners
|-
|-
! Vialis
!
! Via
! colspan=3 | Mag / Liv
| Through or by
! colspan=3 | Art / Non
| by the way of the house<br />Through the house
|-
|-
! Lative
! Number→ <br> Case↓
! Lat
! sg.
| motion to location
! pc.
| To the house
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Int
! Abl
| kwiv || kwav || kwëëv
| motion away from location
| style="border-left:2px solid;" | gjiv || gjav || gjëëv
| away from the house
|-
|-
! Locative
! Erg
! Loc
| kwizj || kwazj || kwëëzj
| Location of
| style="border-left:2px solid;" | gjizj || gjazj || gjëëzj
| at the house
|-
|-
! Temporative
! Acc
! Tmp
| kwim || kwam || kwëëm
| At the time of
| style="border-left:2px solid;" | gjim || gjam || gjëëm
| at the time of now
|-
|-
! Antessative
! Pst
! Ant
| kwits || kwats || kwëëts
| Before
| style="border-left:2px solid;" | gjits || gjats || gjëëts
| before now
|-
! Postive
! Psv
| After
| after now/Later
|-
! Casual
! Csl
| Due to, because of, by method of, by manner of
| How
|-
! Quantive
! Qvt
| The quantity of
| How many
|-
! Instrumental
! Ins
| By means of
| With a hammer
|}
|}


:{| {{style|center}}
====Interogative Pronouns====
!colspan="4" rowspan="3"|
The pronouns are similar to english with a few addition, it distinguishes between an item, a living thing, an animal and a sapient being.
!rowspan="2" colspan=3|Interrogative
 
!colspan="9"|Demonstrative
{| {{style|center}}
!colspan="25" |Quantifier
! colspan=7 | Interrogative pronouns
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=4 | What thing?
|-
|-
! colspan=3|Proximal
! Number→ <br> Case↓
! colspan=3|Semi-distal
! colspan=3|Distal
! colspan=3|Existential
! colspan=3|Elective
! colspan=3|Universal
! colspan=3|Most
! colspan=3|Negative
! colspan=3|Collective
! colspan=3|Distributive
|-
! sg.
! sg.
! pc.
! pc.
! pl.
! pl.
|-
! Int
| zo || zjo || zwa
|-
! Erg
| zos || zjos || zwas
|-
! Acc
| zom || zjom || zwam
|-
! Pst
| zot || zjot || zwat
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=4 | What Person? Who?
|-
! Number→ <br> Case↓
! sg.
! sg.
! pc.
! pc.
! pl.
! pl.
! sg.
|-
! pc.
! Int
! pl.
| dzëë || dzjëë || dzwëë
! sg.
|-
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
! sg.
! pc.
! pl.
|-
! colspan=4 | Discourse
<!-- Interrogative -->
| colspan=3 | Ø
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Gwook}} <br> (<small>This</small>)
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Gwookt}} <br> (<small>That</small>)
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Gwooǧ}} <br> (<small>That</small>)
<!-- Quant -->
| colspan=3 | Ø
| colspan=3 | Ø
| colspan=3 | Ø
| colspan=3 | Ø
| colspan=3 | Ø
| colspan=3 | Ø
| colspan=3 | Ø
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=16 | Determiner
! rowspan=4 | Mag
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Erg
! Erg
<!-- Interrogative -->
| dzëës || dzjëës || dzwëës
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| dzëëm || dzjëëm || dzwëëm
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Pst
<!-- Interrogative -->
| dzëët || dzjëët || dzwëët
| - || - || -
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
<!-- Demo Prox -->
! colspan=4 | What Animal?
| - || - || -
|-
<!-- Demo Medial -->
! Number→ <br> Case↓
| - || - || -
! sg.
<!-- Demo Distal -->
! pc.
| - || - || -
! pl.
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Liv
! Int
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
| ta || tja || twa
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! Erg
<!-- Interrogative -->
| tas || tjas || twas
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| tam || tjam || twam
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Pst
<!-- Interrogative -->
| tat || tjat || twat
| - || - || -
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
<!-- Demo Prox -->
! colspan=4 | What living thing?
| - || - || -
|-
<!-- Demo Medial -->
! Number→ <br> Case↓
| - || - || -
! sg.
<!-- Demo Distal -->
! pc.
| - || - || -
! pl.
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Art
! Int
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
| fla || flja || flwa
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! Erg
<!-- Interrogative -->
| flas || fljas || flwas
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| flam || fljam || flwam
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Pst
<!-- Interrogative -->
| flat || fljat || flwat
| - || - || -
|}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
 
| - || - || -
There is a hierarchy of choice which you ask for depending on level of knowledge, the higher it is in the hierarchy the more specific it must be that kind of entity.
<!-- Demo Medial -->
 
| - || - || -
High > ''Person'' '''>''' ''Animal'' '''>''' ''Living'' '''>''' ''Thing'' > Low
<!-- Demo Distal -->
 
| - || - || -
===Demonstratives===
<!-- Quant Exist -->
Demonstratives are highly contextual. They refer to a specific entity of some sort that is deduced from what is said and done around.
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Elect -->
*'''This''': Refers to an entity close to the speaker
| - || - || -
*'''That''': Refers to an entity close to the listener
<!-- Quant Uni -->
*'''Yon''': Refers to an entity neither close to the speaker nor listener
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Most -->
====Demonstratives Determiner====
| - || - || -
{| {{style|center}}
<!-- Quant Neg -->
! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
| - || - || -
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
<!-- Quant Coll -->
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
| - || - || -
|-  
<!-- Quant Distr -->
! colspan=1 | Case↓
| - || - || -
! colspan=3 | This
! colspan=3 | That
! colspan=3 | Yon
|-
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Non
! Int
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
<!-- This -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| {{yellow|tljëv}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëv}}
| - || - || -
| tliizz
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| - || - || -
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! Erg
<!-- Interrogative -->
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| - || - || -
| {{yellow|tljëz}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëz}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| tliizw
| - || - || -
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| - || - || -
| {{yellow|tljëvm}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëvm}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| tliizn
| - || - || -
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Pst
<!-- Interrogative -->
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| - || - || -
| {{yellow|tljëdw}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëdw}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| tliidz
| - || - || -
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| - || - || -
|}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
=====Affection=====
| - || - || -
Determiners don't only refer to physical distance but can refer to emotional distance.
<!-- Quant Exist -->
*'''This''': Refers to an entity the speaker is very affectionate toward, children, close family, good friends typicly. May include things one has laboured for long and developed emotional attatchment to.
| - || - || -
*'''That''': Refers to an entity the speaker is neutral toward. Such Possessions, bought items, distant family members, general people.
<!-- Quant Elect -->
*'''Yon''': Refers to an entity the speaker is emotional distant to or even disdain, people one dislike or items of bad association.
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Uni -->
 
| - || - || -
=====Definiteness=====
<!-- Quant Most -->
Nouns can occure definite and indefinite form with a determiner with slight meaning
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Neg -->
{| {{style|center}}
| - || - || -
!
<!-- Quant Coll -->
! width=200px | Definite
| - || - || -
! width=200px | Indefinete
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=37 | Pro-noun
! This
! rowspan=20 | One of
| ''The thing close to me that can be seen or whichs location is well known''
! rowspan=4 | Sapient
| ''The thing that is somewhere near me but cannot be seen by you or both of us''
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! That
<!-- Interrogative -->
| ''The thing close to you that can be seen or whichs location is well known''
| - || - || -
| ''The thing that is somewhere near you but cannot be seen by me or both of us''
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Yon
<!-- Interrogative -->
| ''The thing far from us that can be seen or whichs location is well known''
| - || - || -
| ''The thing that is far from us and beyond sight'' or ''The thing that is somewhere around and cannot be seen by us''
<!-- Demo Prox -->
|}
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Demo Medial -->
====Demonstrative Pronouns====
| - || - || -
{| {{style|center}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
! colspan=10 | Demonstrative Pronouns
| - || - || -
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
<!-- Quant Exist -->
! colspan=10 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
| - || - || -
|-  
<!-- Quant Elect -->
!
| - || - || -
! colspan=3 | This
<!-- Quant Uni -->
! colspan=3 | That
| - || - || -
! colspan=3 | Yon
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Number→ <br> Case↓
<!-- Interrogative -->
! sg.
| - || - || -
! pc.
<!-- Demo Prox -->
! pl.
| - || - || -
! sg.
<!-- Demo Medial -->
! pc.
| - || - || -
! pl.
<!-- Demo Distal -->
! sg.
| - || - || -
! pc.
<!-- Quant Exist -->
! pl.
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Mag
! Int
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
<!-- This -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|lmet}} <br> {{green|lmežw}} <br> {{purple|lmezj}} <br> {{blue|lmedw}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| {{yellow|lmeeddj}} <br> {{cyan|lmeevj}}
| - || - || -
| llmjy
<!-- Demo Medial -->
<!-- That -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|šwllët}} <br> {{green|šwllëžw}} <br> {{purple|šwllëzj}} <br> {{blue|šwllëdw}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| {{yellow|šwlladdj}} <br> {{cyan|šwllavj}}
| - || - || -
| šwly
<!-- Quant Exist -->
<!-- That -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|džlat}} <br> {{green|džlažw}} <br> {{purple|džlazj}} <br> {{blue|džladw}}
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| {{yellow|džljeeddj}} <br> {{cyan|džljeevj}}
| - || - || -
| džlwi
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! Erg
<!-- Interrogative -->
<!-- This -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|lmets}} <br> {{green|lmež}} <br> {{purple|lmezz}} <br> {{blue|lmedz}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| {{yellow|lmeedzj}} <br> {{cyan|lmeevz}}
| - || - || -
| lmjys
<!-- Demo Medial -->
<!-- That -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|šwllëts}} <br> {{green|šwllëž}} <br> {{purple|šwllëzz}} <br> {{blue|šwllëdz}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| {{yellow|šwlladzj}} <br> {{cyan|šwllavz}}
| - || - || -
| šwlys
<!-- Quant Exist -->
<!-- Yon -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|džlats}} <br> {{green|džlaž}} <br> {{purple|džlazz}} <br> {{blue|džladz}}
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| {{yellow|džljeedzj}} <br> {{cyan|džljeevz}}
| - || - || -
| džlwis
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
<!-- This -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|lmesn}} <br> {{green|lmevm}} <br> {{purple|lmezjm}} <br> {{blue|lmezn}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| {{yellow|lmeezzjn}} <br> {{cyan|lmeevmj}}
| - || - || -
| lmjym
<!-- Demo Medial -->
<!-- That -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|šwllësn}} <br> {{green|šwllëvm}} <br> {{purple|šwllëzjm}} <br> {{blue|šwllëzn}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| {{yellow|šwllazzjn}} <br> {{cyan|šwllavmj}}
| - || - || -
| šwlym
<!-- Quant Exist -->
<!-- Yon -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|džlasn}} <br> {{green|džlavm}} <br> {{purple|džlazjm}} <br> {{blue|džlazn}}
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| {{yellow|džljeezzjn}} <br> {{cyan|džljeevmj}}
| - || - || -
| džlwim
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Pst
<!-- Interrogative -->
<!-- This -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|lmetw}} <br> {{green|lmedž}} <br> {{purple|lmedz}} <br> {{blue|lmedzw}}
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| {{yellow|lmeedw}} <br> {{cyan|lmeedvj}}
| - || - || -
| lmjyts
<!-- Demo Medial -->
<!-- That -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|šwllëtw}} <br> {{green|šwllëdž}} <br> {{purple|šwllëdz}} <br> {{blue|šwllëdzw}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| {{yellow|šwlladw}} <br> {{cyan|šwlladvj}}
| - || - || -
| šwlyts
<!-- Quant Exist -->
<!-- Yon -->
| - || - || -
| {{red|džlatw}} <br> {{green|džladž}} <br> {{purple|džladz}} <br> {{blue|džladzw}}
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| {{yellow|džljeedw}} <br> {{cyan|džljeedvj}}
| - || - || -
| džlwidts
<!-- Quant Uni -->
|}
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Most -->
====Compound demonstratives====
| - || - || -
There exist also compound demonstratives, they are composed of demonstrative pronoun + postposition. Key thing to remember is that the demonstrative pronoun takes the gender of the noun it acts upon, wether determiner or pronoun, and the postposition takes the same gender, but the demonstrative pronoun takes the neccisery case marking of the postposition
<!-- Quant Neg -->
 
| - || - || -
{| {{style|center}}
<!-- Quant Coll -->
! Determiner
| - || - || -
| Demonstrative<br>Pronoun
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| Postposition
| - || - || -
|}
|-
 
! rowspan=4 | Liv
This only expands the determiners and not the pronouns except a few handful cases
! Int
 
<!-- Interrogative -->
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Compound Demonstratives|Examples]]''
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Demo Prox -->
===Gender mixture===
| - || - || -
Umbrean does not allow gender mix in the singular forms ever. One cannot say like "this hat and dog" to mean this for both the dog and the hat as they are different genders. In paucal magic and livinng can be used togather and artificial and non-moving can be togather, but those two groups cannot be used togather. In plural gender matters none and it can mix togather.
<!-- Demo Medial -->
 
| - || - || -
The gender of the deixis is picked by the closest word or the one wishes to focus on more.
<!-- Demo Distal -->
 
| - || - || -
==Quantifiers==
<!-- Quant Exist -->
===Determiner===
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Elect -->
==Personal Pronouns==
| - || - || -
Umbrean pronouns makes distinctions according to the 5 cases, 3 numbers, 4 genders, {{lg|T-V distinction|T-V}}, Collective vs Distributive and Inclusive vs exclusive.
<!-- Quant Uni -->
 
| - || - || -
'''Cases''': Intransitive, Ergative, Accusative, Postpositional and Reflexive
<!-- Quant Most -->
 
| - || - || -
'''Numbers''': Singular, Paucal and Plural, Same number must be used as the noun that it replaces.
<!-- Quant Neg -->
 
| - || - || -
'''Genders''': The genders are noticible only in third person where the pronoun with a gender matching the noun it replaces must be used.
<!-- Quant Coll -->
 
| - || - || -
'''T-V''': This distinction is a politeness distinction that only occures in second person, One is polite that is used to be polite or people of higher rank while the other is impolite, lower ranking or someone you are close to.
<!-- Quant Distr -->
 
| - || - || -
'''Coll vs Distr''': This distinction only occures in Paucal and Plural and tells if the group did it individually (Distributive) or as a group (Collective). "''The five of us ate 3 kg of apples togather''" (No more than 3 kg was used, Collective) vs "''The five of us ate 3 kg of apples each''" (A grand total of 15 kg of apples were eaten then, Distributive)
 
'''Inclusive vs Exclusive''': Occures only in first person paucal and plural where it distinguisher if the one spoken to, second person, is included (Inclusive) or not (Eclusive)
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! rowspan=3 colspan=3 |Case
! colspan=5 | Intransitive
! colspan=5 | Ergative
! colspan=5 | Accusative
! colspan=5 | Postpositional
|-
|-
! Erg
! rowspan=2 | sg.
<!-- Interrogative -->
! colspan=2 | pc.
| - || - || -
! colspan=2 | pl.
<!-- Demo Prox -->
! rowspan=2 | sg.
| - || - || -
! colspan=2 | pc.
<!-- Demo Medial -->
! colspan=2 | pl.
| - || - || -
! rowspan=2 | sg.
<!-- Demo Distal -->
! colspan=2 | pc.
| - || - || -
! colspan=2 | pl.
<!-- Quant Exist -->
! rowspan=2 | sg.
| - || - || -
! colspan=2 | pc.
<!-- Quant Elect -->
! colspan=2 | pl.
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! coll.
<!-- Interrogative -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Demo Prox -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Demo Medial -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Demo Distal -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Quant Exist -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Quant Elect -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Quant Uni -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
! coll.
<!-- Quant Most -->
! distr.
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Art
! colspan=2 rowspan=2| 1st
! Int
! inc.
<!-- Interrogative -->
| rowspan=2 | tswë
| - || - || -
| dže || džle
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| dzjü || dzjlü
| - || - || -
| rowspan=2 | tšees
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| dzes || dzles 
| - || - || -
| džliis || džlwiis
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| rowspan=2 | tsümj
| - || - || -
| džüm || džlüm
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| dzjëëm|| dzjlëëm
| - || - || -
| rowspan=2 | tswit
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| džot || džlot
| - || - || -
| dzjiit  || dzjlwiit
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! exc.
<!-- Interrogative -->
| džettj || džlettj
| - || - || -
| dzjüttj || dzjlüttj
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| dzetsj || dzletsj
| - || - || -
| dzliitsj || dzlwiitsj
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| džüsjm || džlüsjm
| - || - || -
| džëësjm|| džlëësjm
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| džottj || džlottj
| - || - || -
| džiittj  || džlwiittj
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |2nd
<!-- Interrogative -->
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Common
| - || - || -
| fü
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| vjuu || vljuu
| - || - || -
| bü || blü 
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| füss
| - || - || -
| vjuus || vljuus
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| büss || büss
| - || - || -
| füm
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| vjuum || vljuum
| - || - || -
| büm || büm
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| füt
| - || - || -
| vjutt || vljutt
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| büt || blüt
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Respect
<!-- Interrogative -->
| dy
| - || - || -
| tju || tjlu
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| tšwa || tšwla
| - || - || -
| dys
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| tjus || tjlus
| - || - || -
| tšwas || tšwlas
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| dym
| - || - || -
| tjum || tjlum
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| tšwam || tšwlam
| - || - || -
| ddy
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| twutj || tlutj
| - || - || -
| tšwat || tšwlat
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | Non
! rowspan="10"|3rd
! Int
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=5| Object
<!-- Interrogative -->
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Animal
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
<!-- Interrogative -->
| tsjaš
| - || - || -
| dzwaš || dzwlaš
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| džwaš || džwlaš
| - || - || -
| tsjasj
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| dzwasj || dzwlasj
| - || - || -
| džwasj || džwlasj
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| tsjašm
| - || - || -
| dzwašm || dzwlašm
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| džwašm || džwlašm
| - || - || -
| tsjašt
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| dzwašt || dzwlašt
| - || - || -
| džwašt || džwlašt
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Living
<!-- Interrogative -->
| tsjaf
| - || - || -
| dzwaf || dzwlaf
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| džwaf || džwlaf
| - || - || -
| tsjafs
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| dzwafs || dzwlafs
| - || - || -
| džwafs || džwlafs
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| tsjafm
| - || - || -
| dzwafm || dzwlafm
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| džwafm || džwlafm
| - || - || -
| tsjafp
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| dzwafp || dzwlafp
| - || - || -
| džwafp || džwlafp
<!-- Quant Uni -->
|-
| - || - || -
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Artificial
<!-- Quant Most -->
| tsjavj
| - || - || -
| dzwavj || dzwlavj
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| džwavj || džwlavj
| - || - || -
| tsjavjz
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| dzwavjz || dzwlavjz
| - || - || -
| džwavjz || džwlavjz
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| tsjavjm
| - || - || -
| dzwavjm || dzwlavjm
| džwavjm || džwlavjm
| tsjavjd
| dzwavjd || dzwlavjd
| džwavjd || džwlavjd
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Non-Move
| tsjaz
| dzwaz || dzwlaz
| džwaz || džwlaz
| tsjass
| dzwass || dzwlass
| džwass || džwlass
| tsjazm
| dzwazm || dzwlazm
| džwazm || džwlazm
| tsjazd
| dzwazd || dzwlazd
| džwazd || džwlazd
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
| ŋŋo
| ŋii || ŋlii
| ŋŋa || ŋŋla
| ŋŋos
| ŋiis || ŋliis
| ŋŋas || ŋŋlas
| ŋŋom
| ŋiim || ŋliim
| ŋŋam || ŋŋlam
| ŋŋot
| ŋiit || ŋliit
| ŋŋat || ŋŋlat
|-
|-
! Pst
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Male
<!-- Interrogative -->
| no
| - || - || -
| nii || nlii
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| nna || nnla
| - || - || -
| nos
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| niis || nliis
| - || - || -
| nnas || nnlas
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| nom
| - || - || -
| niim || nliim
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| nnam || nnlam
| - || - || -
| not
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| nii || nliit
| - || - || -
| nnat || nnlat
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 colspan=2 | Out of few
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|Female
! Int
| mo
<!-- Interrogative -->
| mii || mlii
| - || - || -
| mma || mla
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| mos
| - || - || -
| miis || mliis
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| mmas || mlas
| - || - || -
| mom
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| miim || mliim
| - || - || -
| mmam || mlam
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| mot
| - || - || -
| miit || mliit
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| mmat || mlat
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Sick one
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
<!-- Interrogative -->
|  
| - || - || -
| ||  
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| ||  
| - || - || -
|
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| ||  
| - || - || -
| ||  
<!-- Demo Distal -->
|
| - || - || -
| ||  
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| ||  
| - || - || -
|
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| ||  
| - || - || -
| ||  
<!-- Quant Uni -->
|}
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Quant Most -->
{| {{style|center}}
| - || - || -
! colspan=2 | First person inclusive dual
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Case
<!-- Interrogative -->
! Pro-noun
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 colspan=2 | Out of many
! Int
! Int
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Erg
! Erg
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Acc
! Acc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
|-
! Pst
! Pst
<!-- Interrogative -->
|}
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Demo Prox -->
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
| - || - || -
 
<!-- Demo Medial -->
==Conditional Sentence==
| - || - || -
{{see|sub|Conditional Sentence}}
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=9 | Info
! Lat
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Abl
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Loc
<!-- Interrogative -->
| Tak || Taaktw || Takffj
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| Ükwaa || Ükwaat || Ükwafj
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Tmp
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Ant
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Psv
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Csl
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Ins
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|-
! Qvt
<!-- Interrogative -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Prox -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Medial -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Demo Distal -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Exist -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Elect -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Uni -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Most -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Neg -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Coll -->
| - || - || -
<!-- Quant Distr -->
| - || - || -
|}


==Personal Pronouns==
'''Generalizations Conditional sentences''' expresses factual things that always occur, "If water is heated to 10 degrees it boils" and the If can be replaced with "when" or "whenever".
Umbrean pronouns makes distinctions according to the 5 cases, 3 numbers, 4 genders, {{lg|T-V distinction|T-V}}, Collective vs Distributive and Inclusive vs exclusive.


'''Cases''': Intransitive, Ergative, Accusative, Postpositional and Reflexive
'''Hypothetical Conditional sentence''' expresses a hypothetical situation that could be possible


'''Numbers''': Singular, Paucal and Plural, Same number must be used as the noun that it replaces.
'''Factual Conditional sentence''' states it as factual that the result will occur if condition is meet. It may also be used to express that if the condition had been meet result should also have occurred but didn't.


'''Genders''': The genders are noticible only in third person where the pronoun with a gender matching the noun it replaces must be used.
'''Contra-factual sentence''' expresses a situation against known facts.
 
'''T-V''': This distinction is a politeness distinction that only occures in second person, One is polite that is used to be polite or people of higher rank while the other is impolite, lower ranking or someone you are close to.
 
'''Coll vs Distr''': This distinction only occures in Paucal and Plural and tells if the group did it individually (Distributive) or as a group (Collective). "''The five of us ate 3 kg of apples togather''" (No more than 3 kg was used, Collective) vs "''The five of us ate 3 kg of apples each''" (A grand total of 15 kg of apples were eaten then, Distributive)
 
'''Inclusive vs Exclusive''': Occures only in first person paucal and plural where it distinguisher if the one spoken to, second person, is included (Inclusive) or not (Eclusive)


:{| {{style|center}}
:{| {{style|center}}
! rowspan=3 colspan=3 |Case
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |Kind
! colspan=5 | Intransitive
! colspan=3 | Condition
! colspan=5 | Ergative
! colspan=3 | Result
! colspan=5 | Accusative
! colspan=5 | Postpositional
! colspan=5 | Reflexive
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | sg.
! Tempus
! colspan=2 | pc.
! Mood
! colspan=2 | pl.
! Modality
! rowspan=2 | sg.
! Tempus
! colspan=2 | pc.
! Mood
! colspan=2 | pl.
! Modality
! rowspan=2 | sg.
|-
! colspan=2 | pc.
! colspan=2 | Generalizations
! colspan=2 | pl.
<!-- Condition -->
! rowspan=2 | sg.
| Causum
! colspan=2 | pc.
| Indicative
! colspan=2 | pl.
| Base
! rowspan=2 | sg.
<!-- Result-->
! colspan=2 | pc.
| Plerum
! colspan=2 | pl.
| Indicative
| Base
|-
|-
! coll.
! colspan=2 | Hypothetical
! distr.
<!-- Condition -->
! coll.
| '''Any''' but ''H.Causum, Causum<br> Consequenta, F.Consequenta''
! distr.
| Subjunctive
! coll.
| Base
! distr.
<!-- Result-->
! coll.
| Futurm Consequenta
! distr.
| Optative
! coll.
| Abilative
! distr.
! coll.
! distr.
! coll.
! distr.
! coll.
! distr.
! coll.
! distr.
! coll.
! distr.
|-
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2| 1st
! rowspan=2 | Factual
! inc.
! Likely
| rowspan=2 | mtswë
<!-- Condition -->
| slo ||
| Causum
| mlo||
| Indicative
| rowspan=2 | tšes
| Base
| liss ||
<!-- Result-->
| mliis||
| Futurm Consequenta
| rowspan=2 | Tsümj
| Optative
| lyym ||
| Gerundive
| mmlu||
| rowspan=2 | Tswutš
| looš||
| ||
| rowspan=2 |
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
! exc.
! Unlikely
| ||
<!-- Condition -->
| ||
| Causum
| ||
| Indicative
| ||
| Abilative
| ||
<!-- Result-->
| ||
| Futurm Consequenta
| ||
| Subjunctive
| ||
| Hypothetical
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |2nd
! colspan=2 | Contra-Factual
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Common
<!-- Condition -->
| mǧö
| Historal Causum
| ||  
| Subjunctive
| ||  
| Base
| ǧöss
<!-- Result-->
| ||  
| Consequentum
| ||
| Subjunctive
| uumj
| Hypothetical
| ||
|}
| ||
 
| gum
==Accusative Absolute==
| ||  
Accusative Absolute is similar to latins {{lg|Ablative Absolute}}, a participle plus a noun describing things around the verb. It always occure in the begining before the subject or agent.
| ||  
 
|
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Accusative Absolute|Examples]]''
| ||
 
| ||  
==Modality==
{{see|sub|Modality}}
 
==Copula Usage==
There exist technicly no copula in umbrean, they have other methods of achiving it.
 
'''Noun Predicate'''
 
Example: He is '''''an idiot'''''
 
This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.
 
Adjectives for noun predicates, "''He is a '''green''' dog''", is used like an adjective predicate present adverbial participle.
 
Relative clause for noun predicates, "''He is the man '''that I saw yesterday'''''", is used adverbial participle.
 
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Noun Copula|Examples]]''
 
'''Adpositional Predicate'''
 
Example: We are '''''with him'''''
 
Adpositional predicates are constructed by taking the adposition and add the proper Circumfix and then use it as a verb where the object that was being modified by it is the agent while the object in the adpositional phrase is treated as an ordinary object. the ë in the ëlj- prefix is ommited if the postposition begins with a vowel.
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! Case
! Prefix
|-
| Int || (ë)lj- -(i)f<sup>1</sup>
|-
| Erg || (ë)lj- -(o)s<sup>1</sup>
|-
| Acc || (ë)lj- -(a)m<sup>1</sup>
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Respect
| Pst || (ë)lj- -(v)<sup>2</sup>
|
|}
| ||
*<sup>1</sup>: Vowels can be excluded if phonotactics allows it
| ||
*<sup>2</sup>: is only used if it ends in a vowel
|
 
| ||
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adposition Copula|Examples]]''
| ||
 
|
'''Locative Predicate'''
| ||
 
| ||
Example: We are '''''at the store'''''
|
 
| ||
See Adpositional Predicate
| ||
 
|
 
| ||
'''Adjectival Predicate'''
| ||
 
|-
Example: We are '''''blue'''''
! rowspan="8"|3rd
 
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
Adjectival predicates are achived through using the adjective as a verb all on its own and have it declined according to the noun.
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
 
|
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjective Copula|Examples]]''
| ||
 
| ||
'''Existential'''
|
 
| ||
Example: I '''''am'''''
| ||
 
|
 
| ||
'''tswümj''': v.t.a
| ||
 
|
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Existencial Copula|Examples]]''
| ||
 
| ||
==Question==
|
 
| ||
===Polarity questions===
| ||
Polarity
 
===Content Question===
 
 
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.
 
'''Yes or no question'''
 
A particle is placed before the part one desires to place emphesis on or behidn the verb if no emphesis is desired
 
'''''Yes''''': Swom
 
'''''No''''': Zy
 
 
'''General Question'''
 
General questions uses no particle and you simply uses the question word in their appropiate spot, no {{lg|Fronting}}
 
==Dictionary==
''See a verb list [[Umbrean/Verb list|here]]
===Open or Closed===
{| {{style|center}}
! Class
! Open/Closed
|-
| Adjectives
| {{green|Open}}
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Living
| Nouns
|
| {{green|Open}}
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||  
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Artificial
| Pro-nouns
|
| {{red|Closed}}
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Non-Move
| Postpositions
|
| {{green|Open}}
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||  
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=3|Person
| Pro-Forms
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
| {{red|Closed}}
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Male
| Verbs
|
| {{green|Open}}
| ||
|}
| ||
===Polarity===
|
A common way to negate or inverse a words meaning is to change the polarity vowel within it to its opposite, though which vowel is the polarity vowel is individual to each word.
| ||
:{|{{style|center}}
| ||
! colspan=2 | Short vowel
|
! colspan=2 | Long vowel
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|Female
! + <br> Positive !! - <br> Negative
|
! + <br> Positive !! - <br> Negative
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
| a || ii
|
| aa || a
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||
| ||
|
| ||  
| ||  
|}
 
 
 
 
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
 
==Conditional Sentence==
{{see|sub|Conditional Sentence}}
 
'''Generalizations Conditional sentences''' expresses factual things that always occur, "If water is heated to 10 degrees it boils" and the If can be replaced with "when" or "whenever".
 
'''Hypothetical Conditional sentence''' expresses a hypothetical situation that could be possible
 
'''Factual Conditional sentence''' states it as factual that the result will occur if condition is meet. It may also be used to express that if the condition had been meet result should also have occurred but didn't.
 
'''Contra-factual sentence''' expresses a situation against known facts.
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |Kind
! colspan=3 | Condition
! colspan=3 | Result
|-
|-
! Tempus
| e || üü
! Mood
| ee || y
! Modality
|-
! Tempus
| i || u
! Mood
| ii || uu
! Modality
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Generalizations
| o || ë
<!-- Condition -->
| oo || e
| Causum
| Indicative
| Base
<!-- Result-->
| Plerum
| Indicative
| Base
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Hypothetical
| u || aa
<!-- Condition -->
| uu || a
| '''Any''' but ''H.Causum, Causum<br> Consequenta, F.Consequenta''
| Subjunctive
| Base
<!-- Result-->
| Futurm Consequenta
| Optative
| Abilative
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Factual
| y || ëë
! Likely
| yy || ii
<!-- Condition -->
|-
| Past Initio
| ü || i
| Indicative
| üü || ee
| Base
<!-- Result-->
| Futurm Consequenta
| Optative
| Gerundive
|-
|-
! Unlikely
| ë || ö
<!-- Condition -->
| ëë || u
| Causum
| Indicative
| Abilative
<!-- Result-->
| Initio
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Contra-Factual
| ö || öö
<!-- Condition -->
| öö || ë
| Historal Causum
| Subjunctive
| Base
<!-- Result-->
| Ingressus
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
|}
|}


==Modality==
===Direction===
{{see|sub|Modality}}
Directions are divided on from whos perspective it is, first, second or third person.


==Copula Usage==
{| {{style|center}}
There exist technicly no copula in umbrean, they have other methods of achiving it.
! colspan=4 | Directions
 
'''Noun Predicate'''
 
Example: He is '''''an idiot'''''
 
This is achived by putting the noun into accusative construction state and then use it as an ordinary verb.
 
:{| {{style|center}}
| mǧö mtomöökwlë
|-
|-
| mǧö mto>möökw<l-ë
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | Person
|-
|-
| {{sc|2.sg}} <{{sc|acc.const.sg}}>Idiot-{{sc|1/2.sg.ind.prs.ctn}}
! First
! Second
! Third
|-
|-
| You're an idiot
! Right
|}
| {{term|Pjodwia}}
 
| {{term|Amodwia}}
'''Adpositional Predicate'''
| {{term|Migna}}
 
Example: We are '''''with him'''''
 
Adpositional predicates are constructed by taking the adposition and add the proper prefix and then use it as a verb where the object that was being modified by it is the agent while the object in the adpositional phrase is treated as an ordinary object.
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! Case
! Prefix
|-
|-
| Int || dz(e)-
! Left
| {{term|Bjana}}
| {{term|Bjuma}}
| {{term|Bfignina}}
|-
|-
| Erg || s(üü)-
! Up
| {{term|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
| Acc || mj(y)-
! Down
| {{term|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
| Pst || Ø-
! Forward
|}
| {{term|}}
 
| {{term|}}
:{| {{style|center}}
| {{term|}}
| mǧö mtomöökwlë
|-
|-
| mǧö mto>möökw<l-ë
! Backward
|-
| {{term|}}
| {{sc|2.sg}} <{{sc|acc.const.sg}}>Idiot-{{sc|1/2.sg.ind.prs.ctn}}
| {{term|}}
|-
| {{term|}}
| You're an idiot
|}
|}


'''Locative Predicate'''
===Verbs of motion===


Example: We are '''''at the store'''''
{| {{style|center}}
 
! colspan=18 | Motion
See Adpositional Predicate
|-
 
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
 
! colspan=3 | By own means
'''Adjectival Predicate'''
! colspan=3 | By animal
 
! rowspan=2 | By Machine
Example: We are '''''blue'''''
! rowspan=2 | By Magic
 
|-
Adjectival predicates are achived through using the adjective as a verb all on its own.
! Slow
 
! Medium
 
! Fast
'''Existential'''
! Slow
 
! Medium
Example: I '''''am'''''
! Fast
 
|-
 
! rowspan=10 | Land
'''tswümj''': v.t.a
! rowspan=7 | Travel
 
! Toward
==Question==
<!-- Own Uni -->
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.
| Ot <br> (<small>Walk toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Run toward</small>)
 
<!-- Animal Uni-->
'''Yes or no question'''
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop toward</small>)
 
<!-- Machine-->
A particle is placed before the part one desires to place emphesis on or behidn the verb if no emphesis is desired
| Ëššw<br> (<small>Drive toward</small>)
 
'''''Yes''''': Swom
 
'''''No''''': Zy
 
 
'''General Question'''
 
General questions uses no particle and you simply uses the question word in their appropiate spot, no {{lg|Fronting}}
 
==Dictionary==
''See a verb list [[Umbrean/Verb list|here]]
===Open or Closed===
{| {{style|center}}
! Class
! Open/Closed
|-
|-
| Adjectives
! Away From
| {{green|Open}}
<!-- Own Uni -->
| Sitw <br> (<small>Walk away from</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog away from</small>) || <br> (<small>Run away from</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni-->
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk away from </small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott away from </small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop away from </small>)
<!-- Machine-->
| <br> (<small>Drive away from</small>)
|-
|-
| Nouns
! In
| {{green|Open}}
<!-- Own Uni -->
| Mëǧ <br> (<small>Walk into</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog into</small>) || <br> (<small>Run into</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni-->
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk into</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott into</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop into</small>)
<!-- Machine-->
| <br> (<small>Drive into </small>)
|-
|-
| Pro-nouns
! Out
| {{red|Closed}}
<!-- Own Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Walk out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Run out of</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni-->
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop out of</small>)
<!-- Machine-->
| <br> (<small>Drive out of </small>)
|-
|-
| Postpositions
! Across
| {{green|Open}}
<!-- Own Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Walk across</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog across</small>) || <br> (<small>Run across</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni-->
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk across</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott across</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop across</small>)
<!-- Machine-->
| <br> (<small>Drive across</small>)
|-
|-
| Pro-Forms
! Arrival
| {{red|Closed}}
<!-- Own Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Walk and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Run and arrive at</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni-->
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop and arrive at</small>)
<!-- Machine-->
| <br> (<small>Drive and arrive at</small>)
|-
|-
| Verbs
! Multi<br>Directional
| {{green|Open}}
<!-- Own Uni -->
|}
| <br> (<small>Walk around</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog around</small>) || <br> (<small>Run around</small>)
===Polarity===
<!-- Animal Uni-->
A common way to negate or inverse a words meaning is to change the polarity vowel within it to its opposite, though which vowel is the polarity vowel is individual to each word.
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk around</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott around</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop around</small>)
:{|{{style|center}}
<!-- Machine-->
! colspan=2 | Short vowel
| <br> (<small>Drive around</small>)
! colspan=2 | Long vowel
|-
|-
! + <br> Positive !! - <br> Negative
! rowspan=3 | Climb
! + <br> Positive !! - <br> Negative
! Upward
<!-- Own Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb upward</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb upward while<br>riding an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Climb upward while<br>using a machine</small>)
|-
|-
| a || ii
! Downward
| aa || a
<!-- Own Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb down</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb down while<br>riding an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Climb down while<br>using a machine</small>)
|-
|-
| e || üü
! Along
| ee || y
<!-- Own Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb along the side</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb along the side while<br>riding an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Climb along the side while<br>using a machine</small>)
|-
|-
| i || u
! rowspan=8 | Water
| ii || uu
! rowspan=4 | In water <br> (Swim)
! Toward
<!-- Own Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim toward</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast toward</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim toward with <br> an animal</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast toward with <br> an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim toward with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
| o || ë
! Away from
| oo || e
<!-- Own Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim away from</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast away from</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim away from with <br> an animal</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast away from with <br> an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim away from with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
| u || aa
! Upward
| uu || a
<!-- Own Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Swim up</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Swim up with <br> an animal</small>
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim up with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
| y || ëë
! Downward
| yy || ii
<!-- Own Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Dive</small>)
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Dive with <br> an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Dive with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
| ü || i
! rowspan=2 | On water <br> (Sail)
| üü || ee
! Toward
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | Ø
|-
|-
| ë || ö
! Away from
| ëë || u
|-
|-
| ö || öö
! rowspan=2 | Float
| öö || ë
! rowspan=1 | Toward
|}
| colspan=3 |
 
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | <br> (<small>Float aimlessly</small>)
===Direction===
Directions are divided on from whos perspective it is, first, second or third person.
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=4 | Directions
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! Away from
! colspan=3 | Person
| colspan=3 |  
|-
|-
! First
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Air
! Second
! Fly
! Third
|-
|-
! Right
! Float
| {{cd|Pjodwia}}
|}
| {{cd|Amodwia}}
 
| {{cd|Migna}}
===Kinship===
|-
{{Kinship
! Left
|PaternalGrandMother=
| {{cd|Bjana}}
|PaternalGrandFather=
| {{cd|Bjuma}}
|MaternalGrandMother=
| {{cd|Bfignina}}
|MaternalGrandFather=
|-
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
! Up
|PaternalAunt=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalUnclesWife=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalUncle=
| {{cd|}}
|Father=Kjymmösj
|-
|Mother=Kjynnösj
! Down
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalTwinUncle=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|-
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
! Forward
|PaternalOlderUncle=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalTwinAunt=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|-
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
! Backward
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
| {{cd|}}
|PaternalOlderAunt=
| {{cd|}}
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
| {{cd|}}
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|}
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
 
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
===Verbs of motion===
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
 
|MaternalOlderUncle=
{| {{style|center}}
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
! colspan=18 | Motion
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|-
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
! colspan=3 | By own means
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
! colspan=3 | By animal
|MaternalOlderAunt=
! rowspan=2 | By Machine
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
! rowspan=2 | By Magic
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|-
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
! Slow
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
! Medium
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
! Fast
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
! Slow
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
! Medium
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
! Fast
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|-
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
! rowspan=10 | Land
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
! rowspan=7 | Travel
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
! Toward
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
| Ot <br> (<small>Walk toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Run toward</small>)
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott toward</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop toward</small>)
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
<!-- Machine-->
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
| Ëššw<br> (<small>Drive toward</small>)
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|-
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
! Away From
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
| Sitw <br> (<small>Walk away from</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog away from</small>) || <br> (<small>Run away from</small>)
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk away from </small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott away from </small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop away from </small>)
|Self=
<!-- Machine-->
|Husband=
| <br> (<small>Drive away from</small>)
|Wife=
|-
|LittleSister=
! In
|TwinSister=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|BigSister=
| Mëǧ <br> (<small>Walk into</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog into</small>) || <br> (<small>Run into</small>)
|BigBrother=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|TwinBrother=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk into</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott into</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop into</small>)
|LittleBrother=
<!-- Machine-->
|LittleSistersHusband=
| <br> (<small>Drive into </small>)
|TwinSistersHusband=
|-
|BigSistersHusband=
! Out
|BigBrothersWife=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|TwinBrothersWife=
| <br> (<small>Walk out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Run out of</small>)
|LittleBrothersWife=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|MaternalAuntsSon=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott out of</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop out of</small>)
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
<!-- Machine-->
|MaternalUnclesSon=
| <br> (<small>Drive out of </small>)
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|-
|HusbandSon=
! Across
|HusbandDaughter=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|WifeSon=
| <br> (<small>Walk across</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog across</small>) || <br> (<small>Run across</small>)
|WifeDaughter=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|TwinSisterNiece=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk across</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott across</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop across</small>)
|TwinSisterNephew=
<!-- Machine-->
|LittleSisterNiece=
| <br> (<small>Drive across</small>)
|LittleSisterNephew=
|-
|BigSisterNiece=
! Arrival
|BigSisterNephew=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|TwinBrotherNiece=
| <br> (<small>Walk and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Run and arrive at</small>)
|TwinBrotherNephew=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|LittleBrotherNiece=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott and arrive at</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop and arrive at</small>)
|LittleBrotherNephew=
<!-- Machine-->
|BigBrotherNiece=
| <br> (<small>Drive and arrive at</small>)
|BigBrotherNephew=
|-
}}
! Multi<br>Directional
 
<!-- Own Uni -->
{{Kinship/ExtendedCore
| <br> (<small>Walk around</small>) || <br> (<small>Jog around</small>) || <br> (<small>Run around</small>)
|PaternalSecondWife=
<!-- Animal Uni-->
|Father=
| <br> (<small>Ride/Walk around</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Trott around</small>) || <br> (<small>Ride/Gallop around</small>)
|Mother=
<!-- Machine-->
|MaternalSecondHusband=
| <br> (<small>Drive around</small>)
|PaternalHalfBrother=
|-
|PaternalHalfSister=
! rowspan=3 | Climb
|Sister=
! Upward
|Self=
<!-- Own Uni -->
|Brother=
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb upward</small>)
|MaternalHalfBrother=
<!-- Animal Uni -->
|MaternalHalfSister=
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb upward while<br>riding an animal</small>)
}}
<!-- Machine Uni -->
 
| <br> (<small>Climb upward while<br>using a machine</small>)
===Derivation===
|-
===To Noun===
! Downward
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
<!-- Own Uni -->
! colspan=4 | To noun
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb down</small>)
|-
<!-- Animal Uni -->
! colspan=4 | From Verb
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb down while<br>riding an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Climb down while<br>using a machine</small>)
|-
|-
! Along
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
<!-- Own Uni -->
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb along the side</small>)
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Climb along the side while<br>riding an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Climb along the side while<br>using a machine</small>)
|-
|-
! rowspan=8 | Water
! Source
! rowspan=4 | In water <br> (Swim)
! Target
! Toward
|-
<!-- Own Uni -->
|  
| <br> (<small>Swim toward</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast toward</small>)
| Place of action
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| Verb
| <br> (<small>Swim toward with <br> an animal</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast toward with <br> an animal</small>)
| Noun
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim toward with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
! Away from
| -ššw
<!-- Own Uni -->
| Agentative
| <br> (<small>Swim away from</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast away from</small>)
| Verb
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| Noun
| <br> (<small>Swim away from with <br> an animal</small>) || colspan=2 | (<small>Swim fast away from with <br> an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim away from with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
! Upward
| -ss
<!-- Own Uni -->
| Patientative
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Swim up</small>)
| Verb
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| Noun
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Swim up with <br> an animal</small>
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Swim up with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
! Downward
|
<!-- Own Uni -->
| Part of
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Dive</small>)
| Verb
<!-- Animal Uni -->
| Noun
| colspan=3 | <br> (<small>Dive with <br> an animal</small>)
<!-- Machine Uni -->
| <br> (<small>Dive with <br> an machine</small>)
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | On water <br> (Sail)
| -
! Toward
| Time when or place<br /> where done happen
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | Ø
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|-
! Away from
|
| Substance used to do
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Float
|
! rowspan=1 | Toward
| Abstract
| colspan=3 |
| Verb
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | <br> (<small>Float aimlessly</small>)
| Noun
|-
|-
! Away from
|
| colspan=3 |  
| Abstraction of<br />opposite action
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Air
|  
! Fly
| Instrumental Used to do verb
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|-
! Float
|
|}
|
 
| Verb
===Kinship===
| Noun
{{Kinship
|-
|PaternalGrandMother=
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
|PaternalGrandFather=
|-
|MaternalGrandMother=
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
|MaternalGrandFather=
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
|PaternalAunt=
|-
|PaternalUnclesWife=
! Source
|PaternalUncle=
! Target
|Father=Kjymmösj
|-
|Mother=Kjynnösj
|  
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
| Quality of
|PaternalTwinUncle=
| Adj
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
| Noun
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|-
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|  
|PaternalOlderUncle=
| Usually has it
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
| Adj
|PaternalTwinAunt=
| Noun
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|-
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|
|PaternalOlderAunt=
| Adj
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
| Noun
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|-
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
! colspan=4 | From Noun
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|-
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
|MaternalOlderUncle=
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|-
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
! Source
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
! Target
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|-
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|  
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
| Part of
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
| Noun
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
| Noun
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|-
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
| Decended of, child of
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
| Noun
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
| Noun
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|-
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
| -ŋ
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
| living thing
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
| Noun
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
| Noun
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|-
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
| -nn
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
| Female of
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
| Noun
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
| Noun
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|-
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
| -mm
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
| Male of
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
| Noun
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
| Noun
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|-
|Self=
| -tjidw
|Husband=
| Dominion of, domain of
|Wife=
| Noun
|LittleSister=
| Noun
|TwinSister=
|-
|BigSister=
|  
|BigBrother=
| Abtraction of
|TwinBrother=
| Noun
|LittleBrother=
| Noun
|LittleSistersHusband=
|-
|TwinSistersHusband=
|  
|BigSistersHusband=
| Language of
|BigBrothersWife=
| Verb
|TwinBrothersWife=
| Noun
|LittleBrothersWife=
|-
|MaternalAuntsSon=
| -nits
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
| Producer of
|MaternalUnclesSon=
| Noun
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
| Noun
|HusbandSon=
|-
|HusbandDaughter=
|
|WifeSon=
|
|WifeDaughter=
| Noun
|TwinSisterNiece=
| Noun
|TwinSisterNephew=
|-
|LittleSisterNiece=
|
|LittleSisterNephew=
|
|BigSisterNiece=
| Noun
|BigSisterNephew=
| Noun
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|-
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|
|LittleBrotherNephew=
| Noun
|BigBrotherNiece=
| Noun
|BigBrotherNephew=
|}
}}


{{Kinship/ExtendedCore
===To Adjective===
|PaternalSecondWife=
|Father=
|Mother=
|MaternalSecondHusband=
|PaternalHalfBrother=
|PaternalHalfSister=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Brother=
|MaternalHalfBrother=
|MaternalHalfSister=
}}
 
===Derivation===
===To Noun===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | To noun
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
! colspan=4 | From Verb
Line 4,129: Line 3,328:
! Target
! Target
|-
|-
|  
| -(ii)ss
| Place of action
| property of agent
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
| -ii
| -(ü)m
| Agentative
| Property of Patient
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
| -ü
|  
| Patientative
| able to
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Part of
| Related to
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
| -
| -lo
| Time when done<br />happen
| for the purpose of
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
|
| -lë
| Substance used to do
| not for the purpose of
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|
| Abstract
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|
| Abstraction of<br />opposite action
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|
| Used to do verb
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|
|
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
Line 4,188: Line 3,367:
! Target
! Target
|-
|-
|  
| -yymj
| Quality of
| opposite of
| Adj
| Adj
| Adj
| Noun
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Usually has it
| Diminutive
| Adj
| Adj
|-
|
| Augmentative
| Adj
| Adj
| Adj
| Noun
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
| Adj
|Adj
| Noun
|Adj
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Noun
! colspan=4 | From Noun
Line 4,213: Line 3,397:
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Part of
| Similar to
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
|
|  
| Decended of, child of
| Lacking of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
| -(o)ŋ
|  
| living thing
| Related to
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
| -(y)nn
| -ukwla
| Female of
| Quality of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
| -(ö)mm
|
| Male of
|
| Noun
|Noun
| Noun
|Adj
|-
|}
| -dwa
 
| Dominion of, domain of
===To Verb===
| Noun
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
| Noun
! colspan=4 | To Verb
|-
|
| Abtraction of
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|
| Language of
| Verb
| Noun
|-
|
|
| Noun
| Noun
|}
 
===To Adjective===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
! colspan=4 | From Verb
Line 4,271: Line 3,435:
! Target
! Target
|-
|-
| -(ii)ss
|
| property of agent
| to undo
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
|-
| -(ü)m
| Property of Patient
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
|-
|-
|  
|  
| able to
| Opposite/Reverse Action
| Verb
| Verb
|-
| -omm
| to redo
| Verb
| Verb
|-
|
| Frequentative
| Verb
| Verb
|-
|
| Subject/Object switch
| Verb
| Verb
|-
|
| Consequence of
| Verb
| Verb
|-
|
| Momentane
| Verb
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Related to
| Mutual action
| Verb
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
| Verb
|Verb
| Adj
|Verb
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
Line 4,305: Line 3,489:
! Target
! Target
|-
|-
| -yymj
|
| opposite of
|
| Adj
| Adj
|-
|
| Diminutive
| Adj
| Adj
| Adj
|-
| Verb
|
| Augmentative
| Adj
| Adj
|-
|
|
|Adj
|Adj
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Noun
! colspan=4 | From Noun
Line 4,335: Line 3,504:
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Similar to
| Making or creating<br />or causing noun<br />A/P-s
| Noun
| Noun
| Adj
| Verb
|-
|
| Lacking of
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|
| Related to
| Noun
| Adj
|-
| -(ee)sw
| Quality of
| Noun
| Adj
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Noun
|Noun
|Adj
|Verb
|}
|}
 
==Numbers==
===To Verb===
:{| {{style|center}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan=2 | Number
! colspan=4 | To Verb
! colspan=2 | Cardinal
! colspan=2 | Ordinal
! colspan=2 | Fractal
! colspan=2 | Collective
! colspan=2 | Distributive
! colspan=2 | Multiple
! colspan=2 | Additional
! colspan=2 | Subtractal
! colspan=2 | Power
! colspan=2 | Root
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
! 0
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
| Zero || Osŋ
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
| Zeroth ||
| One Zeroth ||
| All Zero ||
| Zero ||
|-
|-
! Source
! 1
! Target
| One || Iž
| First ||
| Whole ||
| All One ||
| One ||
|-
|-
|
! 2
| to undo
| Two || Ëëzw
| Verb
| Second ||
| Verb
| Half ||
| All Two ||
|Two ||
|-
|-
|  
! 3
| Opposite/Reverse Action
| Three || Yvv
| Verb
| Third ||
| Verb
| One Third ||
| All Three ||
|Three ||
|-
|-
| -omm
! 4
| to redo
| Four || ets
| Verb
| Fourth ||
| Verb
| One Fourth ||
|Four ||
|-
|-
|
! 5
| Frequentative
| Five || ellts
| Verb
| Fifth ||
| Verb
| One Fifth ||
|Five ||
|-
|-
|  
! 6
| Subject/Object switch
| Six || atsm
| Verb
| Sixth ||
| Verb
| One Sixth ||
|Six ||
|-
|-
|  
! 7
| Consequence of
| Seven || ydj
| Verb
| Seventh ||
| Verb
| One Seventh ||
|Seven ||
|-
|-
|  
! 8
| Momentane
| Eight || dël
| Verb
| Eighth ||
| Verb
| One Eighth ||
|Eight ||
|-
|-
|  
! 9
| Mutual action
| Nine || atlit
| Verb
| Nineth ||
| Verb
| One Nineth ||
|Nine ||
|-
|-
|
! 10
|
| Ten || ekkim
|Verb
| Tenth ||
|Verb
| One Tenth ||
|Ten ||
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
! 11
| Eleven || slletw
| Eleventh ||
| One Eleventh ||
| Eleven ||
|}
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=22 | 12 potens
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
! rowspan=2 | Potense
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
! rowspan=2 | 12^x
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
! colspan=2 | Cardinal
! colspan=2 | Ordinal
! colspan=2 | Fractal
! colspan=2 | Collective
! colspan=2 | Distributive
! colspan=2 | Multiple
! colspan=2 | Additional
! colspan=2 | Subtractal
! colspan=2 | Power
! colspan=2 | Root
|-
|-
! Source
! Suffix
! Target
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
|-
| 1
| 12 (10)
| -üt / -tl
| ütl
|-
|-
| 2
| 144 (100)
|
|
|
|
| Adj
| Verb
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Noun
| 4
| 20736 (10000)
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
| 8
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
| 429981696 (100000000)
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
|
|-
|
! Source
|}
! Target
Numbers in umbrean has to agree by gender to the noun and changes wether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple
*Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
*Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
*Fractal: Division, Half, One third, One fourth, one fifth
*Multiple: Multiple of a number, Twice, Trice, Four times, Five times
*Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
*Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
*Collective: Counting as a single unit, All four, All five
*Distributive: Singly, Twicly, answers "how many at a time?)
*Power: to the nth power
*Root: the nth root of something
 
===Rational Numbers===
To express a rational like "Two and two thirds" one would do this for the general "n and p q's" (n+p/q)
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=3 | n and p q's
|-
|-
|
! n + 1
| Making or creating<br />or causing noun<br />A/P-s
! p
| Noun
! q
| Verb
|-
|-
|
| Ordinal
|
| Multiple
|Noun
| Fractal
|Verb
|}
|}
==Numbers==
 
:{| {{style|center}}
==Compound words==
! rowspan=2 | Number
 
! colspan=2 | Cardinal
Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.
! colspan=2 | Ordinal
 
! colspan=2 | Fractal
Umbrean has a fondness of {{lg|Portmanteau}} in compounding.
! colspan=2 | Collective
 
! colspan=2 | Distributive
{| {{style|center}})
! colspan=2 | Multiple
! Class
! colspan=2 | Additional
! Structure
! colspan=2 | Subtractal
|-
! colspan=2 | Power
! Verb-Verb
! colspan=2 | Root
| Modifying-Head
|-
! Noun-Verb
| Object-Verb
|-
! Noun-Noun
| Modifying-Head
|-
! Adjective-Noun
|  
|-
|-
! Postposition-Verb
|
|}
{| {{style|center}})
! Type
! English
! English
! Umbrean
! Umbrean
! English
! Parts
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
! English
! Umbrean
|-
|-
! 0
! Verb-Verb
| Zero
| Tlits
| Zeroth
| Tlidzw
| One Zeroth
|
|
| All Zero
|
|
|Zero
|
|
|Zero
|-
|
! Noun-Verb
|Zero
|
|Zero
|
|
|Zero
|
|
|Zero
|
|
|-
|-
! 1
! Adjective-Noun
| One
| Otwii
| First
| Omtjyz
| Whole
|
|
| All One
|
|
| One
|
|One
|
|One
|
|One
|
|One
|
|One
|
|
|-
|-
! 2
! Postposition-Verb
| Two
| Tlaal
| Second
| Tljuuzw
| Half
|
|
| All Two
|
|
|Two
|
|Two
|
|Two
|
|Two
|
|Two
|
|Two
|
|
|}
==Word Classes==
While english division here is shown the umbrean language divides its own words a bit differently
*Nouns ()
**Items, objects, concepts and ideas
*Adjectives ()
**
==Sentence Order==
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Intransitive
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
|-
|-
! 3
| colspan=2 | {{blue|'''Intransitive'''}}<br>case
| Three
| Mlu
| Third
| Mluzw
| One Third
|
| All Three
|
|Three
|
|Three
|
|Three
|
|Three
|
|Three
|
|Three
|
|-
|-
! 4
! colspan=6 | Transitive
| Four
| Kjlwa
| Fourth
| Kjlwazz
| One Fourth
|
|Four
|
|Four
|
|Four
|
|Four
|
|Four
|
|Four
|
|Four
|
|-
|-
! 5
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| Five
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| ellts
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| Fifth
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
|
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
| One Fifth
|
|Five
|
|Five
|
|Five
|
|Five
|
|Five
|
|Five
|
|Five
|
|-
|-
! 6
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| Six
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| Vjëtsw
| Sixth
|
| One Sixth
|
|Six
|
|Six
|
|Six
|
|Six
|
|Six
|
|Six
|
|Six
|
|-
! 7
| Seven
| Zzjy
| Seventh
|
| One Seventh
|
|Seven
|
|Seven
|
|Seven
|
|Seven
|
|Seven
|
|Seven
|
|Seven
|
|-
|-
! 8
! colspan=6 | Ditransitive
| Eight
| eedzwl
| Eighth
|
| One Eighth
|
|Eight
|
|Eight
|
|Eight
|
|Eight
|
|Eight
|
|Eight
|
|Eight
|
|-
! 9
| Nine
| ppalw
| Nineth
|
| One Nineth
|
|Nine
|
|Nine
|
|Nine
|
|Nine
|
|Nine
|
|Nine
|
|Nine
|
|-
! 10
| Ten
| lesm
| Tenth
|
| One Tenth
|
|Ten
|
|Ten
|
|Ten
|
|Ten
|
|Ten
|
|Ten
|
|Ten
|
|-
! 11
| Eleven
| mtsu
| Eleventh
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|Eleven
|
|}
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=22 | 12 potens
|-
! rowspan=2 | Potense
! rowspan=2 | 12^x
! colspan=2 | Cardinal
! colspan=2 | Ordinal
! colspan=2 | Fractal
! colspan=2 | Collective
! colspan=2 | Distributive
! colspan=2 | Multiple
! colspan=2 | Additional
! colspan=2 | Subtractal
! colspan=2 | Power
! colspan=2 | Root
|-
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
! Suffix
! Word
|-
|-
| 1
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| 12 (10)
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| -ut / -tl
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| Utl
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
|-
| 2
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| 144 (100)
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
|
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|
|}
 
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Noun Phrase
|-
|-
| 4
| Postpositional<br>Clause
| 20736 (10000)
| Number
|
| Determiner
|
| Adjective
| Relative<br>Clause
| Noun
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>gerund</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
|-
| 8
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| 429981696 (100000000)
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
|
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
| colspan=6 | Infinitive
|}
|}
Numbers in umbrean has to agree by gender to the noun and changes wether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple
*Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
*Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
*Fractal: Division, Half, One third, One fourth, one fifth
*Multiple: Multiple of a number, Twice, Trice, Four times, Five times
*Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
*Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
*Collective: Counting as a single unit, All four, All five
*Distributive: Singly, Twicly, answers "how many at a time?)
*Power: to the nth power
*Root: the nth root of something


===Rational Numbers===
To express a rational like "Two and two thirds" one would do this for the general "n and p q's" (n+p/q)


:{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=3 | n and p q's
! colspan=6 | Relative Phrase
|-
|-
! n + 1
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
! p
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
! q
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>participle</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
|-
| Ordinal
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| Multiple
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| Fractal
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|}
|}


==Compound words==
Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.


Umbrean has a fondness of {{lg|Portmanteau}} in compounding.


{| {{style|center}})
{| {{style|center}}
! Class
! colspan=2 | Postpositional <br> Phrase
! Structure
|-
! Verb-Verb
| Modifying-Head
|-
! Noun-Verb
| Object-Verb
|-
! Noun-Noun
| Modifying-Head
|-
|-
! Adjective-Noun
| Noun <br> Phrase
|  
| Postpostition
|-
! Postposition-Verb
|
|}
|}


{| {{style|center}})
! Type
! English
! Umbrean
! Parts
|-
! Verb-Verb
|
|
|
|-
! Noun-Verb
|
|
|
|-
! Adjective-Noun
|
|
|
|-
! Postposition-Verb
|
|
|
|}


==Word Classes==
While english division here is shown the umbrean language divides its own words a bit differently
*Nouns ()
**Items, objects, concepts and ideas
*Adjectives ()
**
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category:Languages]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Umbrean"