New Karanesa: Difference between revisions
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'''New Karanesa''' ([[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: [{{IPA|kaˈranɛsa}}]) is a [[Nentan languages|Nentan]] language spoken in Quillan. Derived from the former prestige language in the Quill Kingdom, Imperial Karanesa, New Karanesa is a constructed language | '''New Karanesa''' ([[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: [{{IPA|kaˈranɛsa}}]) is a [[Nentan languages|Nentan]] language spoken in Quillan. Derived from the former prestige language in the Quill Kingdom, Imperial Karanesa, New Karanesa is a semi-constructed language, a standardized form of [[Karroka]] and [[High Karanesa]] created with the intent to make reading of Karanesa Empire-era and earlier works easier. It is assumed to be mostly compatible with Imperial Karanesa, though they are separated by time, so its compatibility is impossible to evaluate for certain. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
New Karanesa is a (C)(C)V(C) language. Generally speaking, syllables with one onset consonant and one coda consonant are more common than syllables with two onset consonants, which are more common than full syllables. The only onset clusters that | New Karanesa is a (C)(C)V(C) language. Generally speaking, syllables with one onset consonant and one coda consonant are more common than syllables with two onset consonants, which are more common than full syllables. The only onset clusters that are attested are any non-palatal consonant before an approximant or rhotic (that is, /j w ɺ r/) and any plosive after /s/. Voiced plosives in this situation cause the /s/ to be voiced [z]. | ||
New Karanesa's only phonemic diphthongs are /{{IPA|aj aw}}/. However, any two vowels can be separated by only a hiatus as long as the second vowel is not [i u]. This phonetically sounds similar to a diphthong. | New Karanesa's only phonemic diphthongs are /{{IPA|aj aw}}/. However, any two vowels can be separated by only a hiatus as long as the second vowel is not [i u]. This phonetically sounds similar to a diphthong. | ||
The following strings of phonemes that may occur due to affixes or compounding are not allowed: | The following strings of phonemes that may occur due to affixes or compounding are not allowed: | ||
* Any | * Any sonorant followed by itself; if a conflict occurs, one is dropped for consonants. | ||
** Vowel handling under this rule differs between dialects, though usually either they combine to a long vowel, or the latter vowel is given hard attack. Dialects where the latter is common may write such words as if they had an intervening /q/ between the vowels. | ** Vowel handling under this rule differs between dialects, though usually either they combine to a long vowel, or the latter vowel is given hard attack. Dialects where the latter is common may write such words as if they had an intervening /q/ between the vowels. | ||
* Two consecutive consonants that differ only in voicing; if a conflict occurs, then the voiced | * Two consecutive consonants that differ only in voicing; if a conflict occurs, then the unvoiced consonant becomes voiced unless the prior vowel is phonetically short (/i u e o ə a/) and unstressed, then the voiced consonant becomes unvoiced. | ||
* Any obstruent followed by another of the same manner of articulation; if this occurs, then the one closest to the root is duplicated to the one further from the root. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
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===Romanization=== | ===Romanization=== | ||
New Karanesa consonants are written as seen in the IPA, with the following exceptions: | New Karanesa consonants are written as seen in the IPA, with the following exceptions: | ||
* /{{IPA|ɲ}}/ is written as ny | * /{{IPA|ɲ}}/ is written as ny or nh | ||
* /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ is written as ng | * /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ is written as ng | ||
* /{{IPA|tʃ}}/ is written as c | * /{{IPA|tʃ}}/ is written as c | ||
* /{{IPA|dʒ}}/ is written as j | |||
* /{{IPA|x}}/ is written as h | * /{{IPA|x}}/ is written as h | ||
* /{{IPA|ɣ}}/ is written as rh | * /{{IPA|ɣ}}/ is written as rh | ||
* /{{IPA|ʃ}}/ is written as sh | * /{{IPA|ʃ}}/ is written as sh | ||
* /{{IPA|j}}/ is written as y | * /{{IPA|ʒ}}/ is written as zh | ||
* /{{IPA| | * /{{IPA|θ}}/ is written as th | ||
* /{{IPA|ɺ}}/ is written as l | |||
* /{{IPA|j}}/ is written as y | |||
* /{{IPA|ɸ}}/ is written as f | |||
New Karanesa's so-called "short vowels" (not to be confused with phonetically short vowels) are /i u e o ə/; these are written with <i u e o a> respectively. The other vowels /ɨː eː oː ɛː ɔː a əː/ are written with accents on the closest short vowel: <î/û é ó ê ô á â>. The orthography used for /ɨː/ depends on if the following consonant is rounded: it uses <î> if it isn't, and <û> if it is. | New Karanesa's so-called "short vowels" (not to be confused with phonetically short vowels) are /i u e o ə/; these are written with <i u e o a> respectively. The other vowels /ɨː eː oː ɛː ɔː a əː/ are written with accents on the closest short vowel: <î/û é ó ê ô á â>. The orthography used for /ɨː/ depends on if the following consonant is rounded: it uses <î> if it isn't, and <û> if it is. | ||