Tefrian: Difference between revisions
m →Grammar |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|ancestor3 = Old Tefrian | |ancestor3 = Old Tefrian | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Tefrian''' ([[w:Help:IPA/English|/təˈfɹiːən/]] ''[[w:Help:Pronunciation respelling key|tə-ꜰʀᴇᴇ-ən]]''), natively called '''{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|دلسان پریشحشر}}''' (di'lisān Prayešeḥšur [dəlɪˈsaːn ˈpʰɾäɪ̯(ə)ʃəħˌʃʉɾ]), is a | '''Tefrian''' ([[w:Help:IPA/English|/təˈfɹiːən/]] ''[[w:Help:Pronunciation respelling key|tə-ꜰʀᴇᴇ-ən]]''), natively called '''{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|دلسان پریشحشر}}''' (di'lisān Prayešeḥšur [dəlɪˈsaːn ˈpʰɾäɪ̯(ə)ʃəħˌʃʉɾ]), is a Tephricheic language belonging to the [[Asisic languages|Asisic language family]]. It is, excluding diaspora, spoken entirely within Shardarate of Tefria, wherein it is recognized as the sole official language. It is the most spoken and most influential West-Asisic language, with about 3 million native speakers. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Tefrian is a member of the Tephricheic branch of the [[Asisic languages]]. <sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The known history of Tefrian can be divided into the following distinct periods: | |||
===Old Tefrian=== | ===Old Tefrian=== | ||
Old Tefrian is thought to have began diverging from Proto-West Asisic during the 10th century BC, vaguely corresponding with the migration of Iranic groups into Modern-Day Persia. The oldest attestations of Tefrian are sparce inscriptions in [[w:Ancient South Arabian script|Old South Arabian]] and [[w:Old Persian cuneiform|Persian Cuneiform]] dated to the 8th century BC. Most of these inscriptions are of names or short prayers. | |||
* ˀmbˤl ḥfdn /ʔampaʕl ħafatan/ — "may Ambaal elevate us" | |||
Due to its location, situated in the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula along the gulf coast, Old Tefrian would come into direct contact with Persians, South Semites, and Eastern Arab tribes, evident by the many loanwords entering the language during the Old Tefrian period. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
! Modern Tefrian | |||
! Old Tefrian | |||
! borrowed source | |||
! English translation | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|شردار}}}} ''šerdār'' | |||
| ''šartār'' | |||
| Old Persian ''*xšaθradārah'' | |||
| shardar | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|کلیڤ}}}} ''klayev'' | |||
| ''kʰ(u)lāf'' | |||
| Middle Persian ''kulāf'' | |||
| hat | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|چر}}}} ''cur'' | |||
| ''c(a)tūr'' | |||
| Middle Persian ''čādur'' | |||
| clothing | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|امفعل}}}} ''emfeˤel'' | |||
| ''ampaˤl'' | |||
| Yemenite Arabic ''am-baˤl'' | |||
| Ambaal; master | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|شۆل}}}} ''šöwel'' | |||
| ''šuyl'' | |||
| Yemenite Arabic ''šuÿl'' | |||
| affliction | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|اۆدت}}}} ''ȳdut'' | |||
| ''yūtūtatʰ'' | |||
| Eastern Arabic ''judūdat'' | |||
| country | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|حینت}}}} ''ḥeyent'' | |||
| ''ḫatʰan'' | |||
| Old South Arabian ''ḫtn'' | |||
| son-in-law | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|طاڤ}}}} ''ṭãv'' | |||
| ''ṭanf'' | |||
| Old South Arabian ''ṭnf'' | |||
| cliff | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|مطر}}}} ''maṭṭar'' | |||
| ''maṭṭar'' | |||
| Old South Arabian ''mqṭr'' | |||
| shrine | |||
|} | |||
===Modern Tefrian=== | ===Modern Tefrian=== | ||
The transition to the modern form of Tefrian was already complete by the 10th century AD, evident by the increasing number or [[w:Arabic script|Arabic-Script]] transcripts in Tefrian from that period onwards. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
| Line 68: | Line 128: | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Mid | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Mid | ||
| e̞ [[w:Arabic_diacritics#Kasrah|◌ِ]] | | e̞ [[w:Arabic_diacritics#Kasrah|◌ِ]] | ||
| | | (ə) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 420: | Line 480: | ||
The aforementioned negation prefix also combines with the tensal prefixes. | The aforementioned negation prefix also combines with the tensal prefixes. | ||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زاعفم}} ''zãˤfem, "I did not | * {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زاعفم}} ''zãˤfem, "I did not make"'' | ||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ایعفم}} ''ẽˤfem, "I will not make"'' | * {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ایعفم}} ''ẽˤfem, "I will not make"'' | ||
=====Preverbs===== | =====Preverbs===== | ||
Preverbs express adverbial senses such as location, direction, time, and relation. Preverbs go after negation/tense prefixes. Below are some common preverbs: | Preverbs express adverbial senses such as location, direction, time, and relation. Preverbs go after negation/tense prefixes. Below are some common preverbs: | ||
| Line 434: | Line 495: | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
<sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||
==Example text== | ==Example text== | ||
<sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
<sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||