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==Swadesh list== | ==Swadesh list== | ||
#I: | #I: nu | ||
#thou: | #thou: sei | ||
#he/she/it: | #he/she/it: was/wie/wem | ||
#we: | #we: wind | ||
#ye: lind | #ye: lind | ||
#they: | #they: wen/wes/wer | ||
#this: | #this: ma | ||
#that: | #that: đa | ||
#here: ming | #here: ming | ||
#there: ang | #there: ang | ||
| Line 35: | Line 14: | ||
#what: jähl | #what: jähl | ||
#where: jang | #where: jang | ||
#when: | #when: jester | ||
#how: | #how: jahr | ||
#not: | #not: ihren | ||
#all: | #all: bies | ||
#many: | #many: auer | ||
#some: kieŧ | #some: kieŧ | ||
#few: ŧich | #few: ŧich | ||
#other: mach | #other: mach | ||
#one: | #one: wahm | ||
#two: | #two: dieser | ||
#three: | #three: narg | ||
#four: | #four: đauf | ||
#five: | #five: säl | ||
#big: halm | #big: halm | ||
#long: gau | #long: gau | ||
#wide: | #wide: ŧriech | ||
#thick: schab | #thick: lauch (viscous, dense), schab (of a 2-dimensional object), ŧühr (of a 1-dimensional object) | ||
#heavy: garm | #heavy: garm | ||
#small: | #small: binđ | ||
#short: | #short: kass | ||
#narrow: bisch | #narrow: bisch | ||
#thin: đipfer | #thin: retz (not viscous), đipfer (of a 2-dimensional object), zast (of a 1-dimensional object) | ||
#woman: Samm, Sämmer | #woman: Samm, Sämmer | ||
#man: Ŧall, | #man: Ŧall, Ŧalle | ||
#human: | #human: Wahr, Währer | ||
#child: | #child: Bieh, Biehe | ||
#wife: Heste, Hester | #wife: Heste, Hester | ||
#husband: Jern, | #husband: Jern, Jerne | ||
#mother: | #mother: Mahl, Mahler | ||
#father: | #father: Ahn, Ahnen | ||
#animal: Schleck, | #animal: Schleck, Schlecke | ||
#fish: Hilm, | #fish: Hilm, Hilme | ||
#bird: Ŧehr, | #bird: Ŧehr, Ŧehret | ||
#[a common pet]: | #[a common pet]: Rüß | ||
#insect: | #insect: Đichlein | ||
#snake? | #snake? | ||
#worm: Fitt | #worm: Fitt | ||
#tree: Gein | #tree: Gein | ||
#forest: Rampf | #forest: Rampf | ||
#stick: Bachs | #stick: Bachs | ||
#fruit: Nind | #fruit: Nind | ||
#seed: Pfatts | #seed: Pfatts | ||
#leaf: Nitt | #leaf: Nitt | ||
#root: Flaun | #root: Flaun | ||
#bark: Krau | #bark: Krau | ||
#flower: Näpf | #flower: Näpf | ||
#grass: Knohe | #grass: Knohe | ||
#rope: | #rope: Geletts | ||
#skin: Spang | #skin: Spang | ||
#meat/flesh: Ŧeid | #meat/flesh: Ŧeid | ||
#blood: Mänz | #blood: Mänz | ||
#bone: | #bone: Anđ | ||
#fat: Schnebe | #fat: Schnebe | ||
#egg: Bimm | #egg: Bimm | ||
#horn: Pfächte | #horn: Pfächte | ||
#tail: Behr | #tail: Behr | ||
#feather: Hufs | #feather: Hufs | ||
#hair: Appe, | #hair: Appe, | ||
#head: Bast | #head: Bast | ||
#ear: | #ear: Đüsser | ||
#eye: Feich | #eye: Feich | ||
#nose: | #nose: Bien | ||
#mouth: | #mouth: Kühm, Kuhme | ||
#tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet | #tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet | ||
#tongue: | #tongue: Sahr, Sähre | ||
#fingernail: Quab, Quäber | #fingernail: Quab, Quäber | ||
#foot: Mage, Mager | #foot: Mage, Mager | ||
#leg: Mage, Mager | #leg: Mage, Mager | ||
#knee: | #knee: Stegel | ||
#hand: | #hand: Seime, Seimer | ||
#wing: Irbe, Irbet | #wing: Irbe, Irbet | ||
#belly: Đänge, Đange | #belly: Đänge, Đange | ||
#guts: Ŧüffer | #guts: Ŧüffer | ||
#neck: | #neck: Ŧrapf, Ŧrapfe | ||
#back: | #back: Bleit, Bleite | ||
#breast: Dack, Däcker | #breast: Dack, Däcker | ||
#heart: | #heart: Auben, Auben | ||
#liver: | #liver: Sürŧel, Surŧel | ||
#drink: | #drink: điels, đühls, Geđiels | ||
#eat: haff, hiff, Haffs | #eat: haff, hiff, Haffs | ||
#bite: | #bite: kar, kier, karen | ||
#suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs | #suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs | ||
#spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel | #spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel | ||
| Line 128: | Line 107: | ||
#smell: blung, blunge, Blungs | #smell: blung, blunge, Blungs | ||
#fear: knatz, knitz, Geknatz | #fear: knatz, knitz, Geknatz | ||
#sleep: drau, | #sleep: drau, dräue, Dräuel | ||
#live: jund, jünde, Junds | #live: jund, jünde, Junds | ||
#die: | #die: schern, schirne, Scherns | ||
#kill: | #kill: entschern, entschirne, Entscherns | ||
#fight: stieb, stiebe, stiebel | |||
==Place names== | ==Place names== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
''Hauerreberjamms'' - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes | ''Hauerreberjamms'' - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes | ||
''Wuscherŧrungen'' | ''Wuscherŧrungen'' | ||
''Flaŧŧsschmängs'' | ''Flaŧŧsschmängs'' | ||
''Ämmerbraum'' | ''Ämmerbraum'' | ||
'' | ''Pfeune'' - river name | ||
''Gefahl'' | |||
''Keime'' | |||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
==Calendar== | |||
leap every 10 unless divisible by 50 unless divisible by 1500 | |||
===Month names=== | |||
*Lucht (autumn): | |||
**Kriefacht (Clofabic krif-akt) | |||
**Ŧauer | |||
**Fiege | |||
*Bürgend (winter): | |||
**Geseck | |||
**Seibel (''Seib'' = snow) | |||
**Motzen | |||
*Schweg (spring): | |||
**Sopfer | |||
**Schratze | |||
**Hünke | |||
*Pfein (summer): | |||
**Geschlaub | |||
**Bräckel (''Brack'' = light) | |||
**Ŧemmen | |||
==Words== | ==Words== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
kub = poor | |||
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > | schngett = lively, wild | ||
Ing (n.) = water | |||
Witte (m.) = sky (Wittel = sky-god) | |||
Stein (n.) = house | |||
Früngli - farmer | so = here | ||
Riffer = corn | |||
bespüdern = protect | |||
Keif-Schnast = plosive | |||
Gestehns-Schnast = fricative | |||
Sanzer-Schnast = sibilant | |||
Ŧreibs-Schnast = click | |||
Entbiens-Schnast = nasal | |||
Schlauer-Schnast = liquid | |||
Schnast: sound, phone | |||
Gluft: healing, medicine | |||
schund: sick | |||
spag: narrow | |||
spick: good | |||
ngollen: boil | |||
ngummen: rumble | |||
rapfen: i bark | |||
ŧacken - agree | |||
scherchen - sizzle | |||
Stühne (f) = honor | |||
Rütze (n) = a red jewel | |||
Tiel (m) = a tree species | |||
Ŧwahn (m) = drum | |||
Sische (f) = flute | |||
Geđeich (m) = plucked string instrument | |||
Strach (f) = trumpet | |||
Schibbel (m) = reed instrument | |||
Siebel = reed | |||
Betz = stick | |||
beđülsch - worship | |||
gebründ - protect | |||
Schngie, Schngie (sg. /ʃŋiː/, pl. /ˈʃŋiːə/) - beast | |||
drahl, dreil, Gedrahl - follow | |||
gürf, gürfe, Gürfel - absorb | |||
zieb, ziebe, Ziebel: give birth | |||
entzieb, entziebe, Entziebel: be born | |||
Schast (m): child | |||
Schlieber, Schliebern (f): butterfly | |||
Gette, Getten (f): hammer | |||
Gogen, Gogen (m): stone | |||
Đruche, Đruchen (f) (< Primitive Tergetian) - lips | |||
Kacke (f) - crap, shit | |||
Flünde (f) - bravery | |||
Müđungtruhn (m) - dictionary | |||
Đrust (m) - clay | |||
Himmer (f) - milk | |||
Đorn, Đornet (f) - spirit | |||
Hader, Hadert (m) - flower | |||
Schweich /ʃvaɪç/, Schweicher (f) 'bow (weapon)' | |||
Scharung (m) 'thread, yarn' (< PPfK *sqar- 'twist' + *-ong 'singulative') | |||
zarb, zirb, Zärbel (m) 'reckoning, calculation, explanation' | |||
Fleide (f) - ray | |||
ach! - oh! ah! alas! | |||
o! - O! | |||
ei! - O (vocative, also used to call for listener's attention) | |||
bleug, blug, Bleugen: 'exchange' | |||
Meitel 'gift' | |||
meit, meite, Meits 'give' | |||
Schwetel - faith (from schwet, schwiet, Schwetel 'believe') | |||
Geseck (f) - winter solstice | |||
Geschlaub (f) - summer solstice | |||
Schrindke (m) - festival | |||
Wumper, Wumper (m) 'platypus' | |||
Flau, Flauet (m) 'suffering, agony' | |||
Brühme (f) 'loyalty, faithfulness' | |||
Hauchs, Hauchse, Hauchsen (m.) 'raven' < from Proto-Pfeuno-Kitelucquian *kawqs (stolen from Lushootseed) | |||
Rohne, Rohnen (f): lye | |||
Schwalts (m): bread | |||
Died (m), Diedet: mountain | |||
Ŧriefke (f): poem | |||
beđach, beđiech-, beđachs 'be well-formed, to hold/be valid' | |||
Träuße, Träußer (f): thought, mind | |||
ŧack /!ak/ 'right, correct' | |||
Fricht, Frichte, Früchten (f) - smoke | |||
hock, höck-, Höckel 'to hurt, injure' | |||
Đifte, Điften (f) = frog | |||
zub: new | |||
Schnamm, Schnämmer (m): year | |||
Reid, Reide (m) = fire | |||
Truhn, Trühner (m) = book | |||
quard, querde, Quards: love | |||
Quärde: love (f) | |||
spring: Schwerg, Schwergen (m) | |||
summer: Pfeine, Pfeinen (f) | |||
autumn: Lucht, Lüchter (f) | |||
winter: Bürgend, Bürgende (m) (PPf {{recon|burginþi}} < PQuame {{recon|burɢinti}}) | |||
north: simm | |||
south: ŧeng | |||
east: gatter | |||
west: schuft | |||
luh (PGam lax̌ʷ) - be | |||
immer - now | |||
Rund (nom sg), Ründe (nom pl), Ränden (gen pl) - bear | |||
today - mesend | |||
yesterday - wurn | |||
tomorrow - gufter | |||
Haugen - ice | |||
datz - sweet | |||
Datzes - sweet, confectionary | |||
sie, schnie, Sies = cover | |||
sie - or | |||
Sie (f), Sien - star | |||
Schmarst, Schmärster (f) - spider | |||
Đerz (m) - wish | |||
Hase, Haser (f) 'city' | |||
Unde, Under (f) 'sun' | |||
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > Nohn 'spice' | |||
Pfing, Pfinge (m) 'day' | |||
Ŧehr (m) 'bird' | |||
entŧepf 'freeze' (trans.) | |||
Früngli (m) - farmer | |||
früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm | früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm | ||
Huss, Husser (m) - world | |||
Mauch, Mauchet - ball, sphere | Mauch, Mauchet (f) - ball, sphere | ||
Wister - unit of length | Wister - unit of length | ||
Stuchs - pace, rhythm | Stuchs - pace, rhythm | ||
entschläb - lower | |||
entfehns - raise | |||
Bezwands - ladder, scale | |||
bekied - mourn, grieve | |||
Esch - voice | Esch - voice | ||
Dieder - great mountain (Surname) | |||
Disserbast - dvandva | |||
Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel' | Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel' | ||
Ŧeib, Ŧeibe (m) - chalice | |||
Ŧeib | |||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
==Historical phonology== | ==Historical phonology== | ||