Common Elvish: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 ==Morphology==
-The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form ''qua-''. The root ''KHÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' "to bark". The root ''LÁ-'' from ''lā-'' "to use the tongue". ''KHE-'' from ''qia-'' "to see"...
+In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:
-For any pure root ending in a consonant, one merely adds ''-u'' [Adamic ''-u''] to form the singular.
+: ''HÚ'' "dog"
-:''NUR-'' "death" > ''nuru'' "death"
+: ''ALBA'' "person"
-If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-le'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''u'', however, one adds ''-o'' [Adamic ''-u''] instead.
+Sounds other than L and N are conserved at the end of roots:
-:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"
+: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"
+: ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death"
+With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:
+: ''HÚ'' "dog" > ''u húo''
+: ''ALBA'' "person" > ''i elbi''
+The plural:
+: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"
+:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"
+Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony:
+: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"
+: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language"
+: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"
+Masculine agreement in first-person triggers:
+: ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
+: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken"
+: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me"
+Feminine agreement in first-person triggers:
+: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
+: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
+: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me"
+the first position is the subject followed by a copula;  sentences are SOV (the object is always NEUTER); and the possessor is always the second element:
+: ''u húo ëa quënda'' "
+: ''ou hóua quëndaë bel'' "the dog speaks the language"
+: ''quëndáëa óua hóuada''  "the dog's language"
+Compare
+: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the  language of his"
+: ''óua gondáëa'' "the languages"
+Masculine roots:
+: hú, u húo, i níe,
+: hóua, ou hóua, ei néia,
+: hóuada, óua hóuada, éia néiada
+Neuter roots
+quënda, i benda, u gonda
+quëndaë, ei bendaë, ou gondaë
+quëndáëa, éia bendáëa, óua gondáëa
+quënda (when non-subject of non-pronouns)
+benda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to masculine pronouns)
+gonda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to pronouns)
+quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/
+a/ë > aë > áëa
+m > mb > lpm
+n > nd > ∅
+n > ng > rkn
+l > lb > mbl
+r > rd > ndr
+dalpmi / darcnu
+i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
-:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"
+i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
-If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one in ''-ë''.
+e (v) >
-:''QUE-'' + ''-n-'' [verbal affix] > ''quenda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
+P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
-The definite article is ''i(l)'' (canonic ''-l'' influenfed by Adamic ''iru''), which is invariable.
+N N-R-M (I)
+N N-R-H (U)
-:''i húo'' "the dog"
+M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
+D-R-P-
-:''i hý'' "the dogs"
+u><i, e><o, a><y
-The personal pronouns:
+u>o, i>e, a>y
-:''ni'' "I", ''mi'' "we"
+ai ē
-:''tye'' "you", ''rye''
+i > ei > eia
-:''(s)e'' "he/she", ''sa'' "it", ''heli'' "they", ''hilar'' "they"
+If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.
-The copula:
+:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"
-:''eá'' "to be" (canonic ''ā- "to be")
+:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"
-: ''il alf eri húo''  "the man is a dog" (Adamic ''avâla iru kufán'', Canonic ''vāh hul'')
+If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.
-:''il alf firis'' "the man is dead"  (Adamic ''avâla murá-su'', Canonic ''vāh muris'')
+:''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
+The personal pronouns:
-LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language" *irregular extension; compare ''gásca'' "throat"
+: ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)"
-ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten"
-lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
-''hendë'', ''hendi'' "eye, eyes"
-húa (acc.)
-''quen'' "I speak"
-Quendar, quendi
-ni ben, embë bemmë
-ae bes, elyë berrë
-il beli, endë belembar
-e-i [3p]
-Sound change: /i/ > /e/, /u/ > /i/ [not used in canonic forms]
-Reduxtion:
-il ques
+: ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)"
+: ''ou, ei'' "he, she"
-''vāl'' > ''alf''<br>
+lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
-''hul'' > ''húo''<br>
-''qul'' > ''quele''<br>
 ==Sound Laws==
@@ Line 211: / Line 293: @@
 ===Phonotactics===
 <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
-===Morphophonology===
+==Black Speech==
 ==Syntax==