Linguifex

Common Elvish: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Veno (talk | contribs)
2,719 edits
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Veno (talk | contribs)
2,719 edits
 
(57 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 35: Line 35:


-->
-->
==History==
*/m/ before /i/ > /f/
Ex: murá "dead" > fira "dead" (PHIR-)
Ex: hūlá "fiery" > níra
Ilfira
The root for "death" has a nominal stem (NÚR-) and an adjectival stem (PHIR-)
núru "death"
maur > NÚR-
fira
il- "not/un-" (Adamic al)
ilfirin
==Phonology==
==Phonology==


Line 59: Line 90:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


ni ben, embë bemmë
In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:
ae bes, elyë berrë
il beli, endë belembar
e-i [3p]


: ''HÚ'' "dog"


: ''ALBA'' "person"


The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form ''qua-''. The root ''KHÛ-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' "to bark". The root ''LÁ-'' from ''lā-'' "to use the tongue"...
Sounds other than L and N are conserved at the end of roots:


: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"


: ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death"


With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:


The singular is formed by adding''-le'' if the last vowel is other than ''i'' or ''u''. In case it is not, an ''-e'' or ''-o'' is added respectively.
: ''HÚ'' "dog" > ''u húo''  


QUE- + -n- [verbal affix] > ''quele'', ''queli'' "sound", ''quenda'', ''quendar'' "speech", ''quendë'', ''quendi'' ''speaker"
: ''ALBA'' "person" > ''i elbi''


The plural:


HÚ- > húo "dog", hý "dogs"
: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"


LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language" *irregular extension; compare ''gásca'' "throat"
:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"


ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten"
Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony:


lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"
 
: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language"
 
: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"
 
Masculine agreement in first-person triggers:
 
: ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken"
: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me"
 
Feminine agreement in first-person triggers:
: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me"
 
 
 
the first position is the subject followed by a copula;  sentences are SOV (the object is always NEUTER); and the possessor is always the second element:
 
: ''u húo ëa quënda'' "
 
: ''ou hóua quëndaë bel'' "the dog speaks the language"
 
: ''quëndáëa óua hóuada''  "the dog's language"
 
 
Compare
 
: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the  language of his"
 
: ''óua gondáëa'' "the languages"
 
 
Masculine roots:
 
: hú, u húo, i níe,
 
: hóua, ou hóua, ei néia,
 
: hóuada, óua hóuada, éia néiada
 
 
 
Neuter roots
quënda, i benda, u gonda
quëndaë, ei bendaë, ou gondaë
quëndáëa, éia bendáëa, óua gondáëa
 
quënda (when non-subject of non-pronouns)
benda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to masculine pronouns)
gonda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to pronouns)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/
 
a/ë > aë > áëa
 
m > mb > lpm
n > nd > ∅
n > ng > rkn
l > lb > mbl
r > rd > ndr
 
dalpmi / darcnu
 
i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
 
i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
 
e (v) >
 
P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
 
N N-R-M (I)
N N-R-H (U)
 
M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
D-R-P-
 
u><i, e><o, a><y
 
u>o, i>e, a>y


ai ē


i > ei > eia


If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.


:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"


:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"


hfl hua
If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.


:''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"


húa (acc.)




gasca
The personal pronouns:


rd nd
: ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)"
LB mb
Ska ng


: ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)"


''
: ''ou, ei'' "he, she"


''quen'' "I speak"
lunda "flood", lundë "rain"


==Sound Laws==
==Sound Laws==
Line 166: Line 293:
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Black Speech==


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Line 182: Line 309:


<!-- Template area -->
<!-- Template area -->
https://folk.uib.no/hnohf/primelv.htm




Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Common_Elvish"