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Common Elvish: Difference between revisions

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==History==
*/m/ before /i/ > /f/
Ex: murá "dead" > fira "dead" (PHIR-)
Ex: hūlá "fiery" > níra
Ilfira
The root for "death" has a nominal stem (NÚR-) and an adjectival stem (PHIR-)
núru "death"
maur > NÚR-
fira
il- "not/un-" (Adamic al)
ilfirin
==Phonology==
==Phonology==


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===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


ni ben, embë bemmë
In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:
ae bes, elyë berrë
 
il beli, endë belembar
: ''HÚ'' "dog"
e-i [3p]
 
: ''ALBA'' "person"
 
Sounds other than L and N are conserved at the end of roots:
 
: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"
 
: ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death"
 
With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:
 
: ''HÚ'' "dog" > ''u húo''
 
: ''ALBA'' "person" > ''i elbi''
 
The plural:
 
: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"
 
:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"
 
Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony:
 
: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"
 
: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language"
 
: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"
 
Masculine agreement in first-person triggers:
 
: ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken"
: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me"
 
Feminine agreement in first-person triggers:
: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me"
 
 
 
the first position is the subject followed by a copula;  sentences are SOV (the object is always NEUTER); and the possessor is always the second element:
 
: ''u húo ëa quënda'' "
 
: ''ou hóua quëndaë bel'' "the dog speaks the language"
 
: ''quëndáëa óua hóuada''  "the dog's language"
 
 
Compare
 
: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the  language of his"
 
: ''óua gondáëa'' "the languages"
 
 
Masculine roots:
 
: hú, u húo, i níe,
 
: hóua, ou hóua, ei néia,
 
: hóuada, óua hóuada, éia néiada
 
 
 
Neuter roots
quënda, i benda, u gonda
quëndaë, ei bendaë, ou gondaë
quëndáëa, éia bendáëa, óua gondáëa
 
quënda (when non-subject of non-pronouns)
benda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to masculine pronouns)
gonda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to pronouns)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/
 
a/ë > aë > áëa
 
m > mb > lpm
n > nd > ∅
n > ng > rkn
l > lb > mbl
r > rd > ndr
 
dalpmi / darcnu
 
i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
 
i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
 
e (v) >
 
P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
 
N N-R-M (I)
N N-R-H (U)
 
M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
D-R-P-
 
u><i, e><o, a><y
 
u>o, i>e, a>y
 
ai ē
 
i > ei > eia
 
If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.
 
:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"
 
:''HÚ-'' > ''húo'' "dog"
 
If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.
 
:''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
 
 
 
The personal pronouns:
 
: ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)"
 
: ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)"
 
: ''ou, ei'' "he, she"
 
lunda "flood", lundë "rain"


==Sound Laws==
==Sound Laws==
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*If two bordering syllables/syllable portions possess the same consonant, the consonant of the weakest syllable (portion) disappears.<br>
*If two bordering syllables/syllable portions possess the same consonant, the consonant of the weakest syllable (portion) disappears.<br>
EX: Adamic  ''vāl'' "person" and ''vār'' "people" become ''alf'' (not''*falf'') and ''elvi'' .<br>
EX: Adamic  ''vāl'' "person" and ''vār'' "people" become ''alf'' (not ''*falf'') and ''elbi''.<br>


*Assimilation:
*Assimilation:
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Black Speech==
 
==Morphology==
The Bright Tongue is mostly composed of stems, which modify roots.
 
ni irida eren...
 
From one root, many stems are forged
 
ncl > ner (*nendir), cilba, arnic, nalbi (*nadelbi)...
 
ALMA > ELEME
eldar (alba-endar)
erbal (arda-elbar)
arbelë
ilben, ilbini
eleben, af
lef, felin
ilmen, ilmini
elemen, am
lem, melin
 
irdem, irdimi
eredem, erc
rec, cerin


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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