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== Textual witnesses ==
{{list subpages}}
Early Old Thean (perceived as a poetic register during the Late OTh period)
* An epic poem, The Tale of the Alchemist, committed to writing during the Late Old Thean period
Late Old Thean
* The Code of Lady Na¹³-Khai¹¹ (<- Tentative ModThean reading)


== Phonology ==
{{Infobox language
|image =  
|imagesize =  
|creator =  
|name = Classical Thean
|nativename =
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Angai]]
|region =
|speakers=975 million
|date=2025
|familycolor=tsimulh
|fam1=[[Verse:Angai/Theic languages|Theic]]
|iso3=
|official=Thea, Qualand, the Alliance
|notice=IPA
}}


== The Early Old Thean auxiliary ==
'''Classical Thean''' was the most spoken language of Angai Europe before the timeline split. With 975 million L1 and L2 speakers worldwide, Thean was the fourth-most spoken language in 2025.  
=== Word of God ===
The Early Old Thean clause-initial auxiliary was inflected for subject agreement, tense, mood, and independent vs. dependent clauses. In subordinate clauses, the auxiliary often cliticized to the subordinating conjunction used.


(I gotta have weird stuff like Welsh zero for 2sg present)
In [[Verse:Angai/1|Timeline 1 of Angai]], Classical Thean evolves into highly tonal languages.


=== In logograms ===
== Todo ==
=== In-universe reconstruction ===
* Make change-of-state verbs (e.g. 'to die', 'to ripen') the basic lexical items
* What does kʼ- mean? ƛʼu 'to hunt'; kʼƛʼu 'tooth'
== Gibberish ==
<poem>
təčʼay ʔəmʼarʼ ʔənkał xʷkʸiš
ǯun gǯed ʔəšo nəyiš
kʔan tnʼoh kʼlir ʔəlšey
łuy sca tweł knal ʔərgʷiš
</poem>
 
== History ==
The oldest attested stage of Thean, called Old Thean, uses a logography. The history of Classical Thean begins with the publication and spread of [some religious text; some form of Buddhism I guess] in a phonetic orthography and the rhyming prose tales of [author]. This switch to a phonetic orthography was incentivized by the introduction of the printing press.
=== Diachronics ===
==== Consonants ====
* Proto-Theic k g kʼ -> kʸ gʸ kʸʼ
* Proto-Theic kʷ gʷ kʷʼ -> č ʒ{{hacek}} čʼ
* Proto-Theic q ɢ qʷ -> k g kʼ
* Proto-Theic qʷ ɢʷ qʷʼ -> kʷ gʷ kʷʼ
==== Stressed vowels ====
* Proto-Theic a -> o after kʷ-series consonants, e after kʸ-series ones, a otherwise
* Proto-Theic ã -> a
* Proto-Theic i -> e
* Proto-Theic ī -> i
* Proto-Theic u -> o
* Proto-Theic ū -> u
 
== Classical Thean phonology ==
=== Initials ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Dental
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Postalveolar
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! | central || lateral
! | plain || labialized
|-
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! | tenuis
| /p/ p
| /t{{den}}s{{den}}/ c
| /t/ t
|
| /ts{{ret}}/ č
| /c/ kʸ
| /k/ k
| /kʷ/ kʷ
| /ʔ/ ʔ
|-
! | voiced
| /b/ b
| /d{{den}}z{{den}}/ ʒ
| /d/ d
|
| /dz{{ret}}/ ǯ
| /ɟ/ gʸ
| /g/ g
| /gʷ/ gʷ
|
|-
! | ejective
| /pʼ/ pʼ
| /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʼ/ cʼ
| /tʼ/ tʼ
| /tɬʼ/ ƛʼ
| /ts{{ret}}ʼ/ čʼ
| /cʼ/ kʸʼ
| /kʼ/ kʼ
| /kʷʼ/ kʷʼ
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
|
| /s{{den}}/ s
|
| /ɬ/ ł
| /s{{ret}}/ š
| /ç/ xʸ
| /x/ x
| /xʷ/ xʷ
| /h/ h, /ɦ/ ɦ
|-
! rowspan="2" |Sonorant
! | plain
| /m/ m
|
| /n/ n
| /l/ l
| /r{{ret}}/ r
| /j/ y
|
| /w/ w
|
|-
! | glottalized
| /mˀ/ mʼ
|
| /nˀ/ nʼ
| /lˀ/ lʼ
| /r{{ret}}ˀ/ rʼ
| /jˀ/ yʼ
|
| /wˀ/ wʼ
|
|}
 
/p bʰ pʼ/ are found in loanwords.
 
=== Nuclei ===
/i e a o u/ ''i e a o u'', unstressed /ə/ ''ə''
 
=== Finals ===
(Codas in parentheses are only found in loanwords)
 
* Tone A: null -n -y -l -r -d(soft d) (-m -w)
* Tone B: -ʔ -nʼ -lʼ -rʼ -yʼ -dʼ (-mʼ -wʼ)
* Tone C: -h -ł -š -x -s (-ms -ns -ls -rs -ys -ws -ps -ts -ks)
* Tone D: -k -t (-p)
 
=== Stress ===
Very strong final stress
 
== Grammar ==
=== Pronouns ===
* 1sg xey
* 2sg mo
* 1pl tli
* 2pl: tna
 
=== The Classical Thean auxiliary ===
The Classical Thean clause-initial auxiliary was inflected for subject agreement, tense, mood, and independent vs. dependent clauses in a system about as complex as Colloquial Welsh. In subordinate clauses, the auxiliary often cliticized to the subordinating conjunction used.
 
The auxiliary had a zero form for the 2nd person present independent. (Cf. Welsh zero for 2sg present)
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+ Classical Thean auxiliary constructions (V = verb)
! colspan=2 style="width: 75px; "| → Person
! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg
! style="width: 75px; " | 2sg
! style="width: 75px; " | 3
! style="width: 75px; " | 1pl
! style="width: 75px; " | 2pl
|-
!rowspan=3| present
! affirmative
| ''xco xey gʷer V''
| ''(rəco) mo gʷer V''
| ''la šru gʷer V''
| ''łco tli gʷer V''
| ''nəco tna gʷer V''
|-
! interrogative
| ''xgʷay xey gʷer V''
| ''rəgʷay mo gʷer V''
| ''gʷay šru gʷer V''
| ''łgʷay tli gʷer V''
| ''nəgʷay tna gʷer V''
|-
! negative
| ''xgʷay xey wa gʷer V''
| ''rəgʷay mo wa gʷer V''
| ''gʷay šru wa gʷer V''
| ''łgʷay tli wa gʷer V''
| ''nəgʷay tna wa gʷer V''
|-
!rowspan=3| past
! affirmative
| ''xʒe xey V''
| ''rəʒe mo V''
| ''ʒe sru V''
| ''łʒe tli V''
| ''nəʒe tna V''
|-
! interrogative
| ''ʔəxʒe xey V''
| ''ʔərʒe mo V''
| ''ʔəʒe sru V''
| ''ʔəłʒe tli V''
| ''ʔənʒe tna V''
|-
! negative
| ''ʔəxʒe xey wa V''
| ''ʔərʒe mo wa V''
| ''ʔəʒe sru wa V''
| ''ʔəłʒe tli wa V''
| ''ʔənʒe tna wa V''
|-
!rowspan=3| future
! affirmative
| ''xʔal xey V''
| ''rəʔal mo V''
| ''ʔal sru V''
| ''łʔal tli V''
| ''nəʔal tna V''
|-
! interrogative
| ''ʔəxda xey V''
| ''ʔərda mo V''
| ''ʔəda sru V''
| ''ʔəłda tli V''
| ''ʔənda tna V''
|-
! negative
| ''ʔəxda xey wa V''
| ''ʔərda mo wa V''
| ''ʔəda sru wa V''
| ''ʔəłda tli wa V''
| ''ʔənda tna wa V''
|-
!rowspan=3| conditional/subjunctive
! affirmative
| ''xdo xey V''
| ''rədo mo V''
| ''do sru V''
| ''łdo tli V''
| ''nədo tna V''
|-
! interrogative
| ''ʔəxdo xey V''
| ''ʔədo mo V''
| ''ʔədo sru V''
| ''ʔədol tli V''
| ''ʔədon tna V''
|-
! negative
| ''ʔəxdo xey wa V''
| ''ʔədo mo wa V''
| ''ʔədo sru wa V''
| ''ʔəłdo tli wa V''
| ''ʔəndo tna wa V''
|-
|}
 
Todo: Add more forms, look at Welsh
 
== Derivational morphology ==
* ''kʼ-'' (allomorph of ''k-''?) derives agent or instrument nouns
** ƛʼu 'to hunt', kʼƛʼu 'tooth'


== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==
The Proto-Trans-Sarnathian word order was T1 S T2 V O. In Old Thean, T2 becomes cliticized or lost. In Early Old Thean, T1 is the only word that inflects in a sentence.
The Proto-Trans-Sarnathian word order was T1 S T2 V O. In Classical Thean, T2 becomes cliticized or lost, and T1 is the only word that inflects in a sentence.


In later OTh, T1 becomes an invariable tense or discourse particle
In later OTh, T1 becomes an invariable tense or discourse particle
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