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| '''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''', a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]], was spoken 3000 years BP. | | '''Old Qua''' or '''Ker''' (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean. |
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| Fortunately for [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
| | Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized) |
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| == Todo == | | == Gibberish == |
| h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
| | <poem> |
| | glips ˀɲat mij wrək, |
| | d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək, |
| | d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit, |
| | θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək |
| | </poem> |
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| ḱobreb → PTS cobrɛb → -bəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
| | == Phonology == |
| | === Preinitial === |
| | ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero) |
| | === Initials === |
| | p t̼ t ts c k ʔ |
| | b d̼ d dz ɟ g |
| | pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ |
| | m n̼ n ɲ |
| | ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ |
| | ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ |
| | w j |
| | ˀw ˀj |
| | ʰw ʰj |
| | θ̼ θ s ɕ h |
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| * PTS ə → w
| | === Medials === |
| * PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
| | j? l r |
| * PTS e → i
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| * PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
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| * PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
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| * PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
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| * PTS ew → ea
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| * PTS aw → ea
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| * PTS ow → wa
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| * PTS ej → ay
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| * PTS aj → e
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| * PTS oj → w
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| ==Phonology== | | === Nuclei === |
| ===Vowels=== | | a i ə o |
| i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au | |
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| → Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au
| | === Finals === |
| → Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au
| | p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ |
| (Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)
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| ===Consonants=== | |
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| == Grammar == | | === Postfinals === |
| Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage aside from a handful.
| | -ʔ -s |
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| == Lexicon == | | == Syntax == |
| * xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
| | Steal from Old Chinese |
| * PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
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| * h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
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| * ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
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| * roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
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| * bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’
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