Linguifex

Æ: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
IlL (talk | contribs)
Bots
143,246 edits
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
mNo edit summary
 
(90 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
:[[Æ/Lexicon]]
{{List subpages}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''jạrˀ Æ'' [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ ''eh'') is an [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language).
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (natively ''jạrq Æ'' [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ ''eh'') is a [[Verse:Tricin|Trician]] monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese. It belongs to the Rieng-Chrâtt language family. It is spoken in the country of ''Ta{{cdb}}j Vŭ{{tilde}}r'' (lit. the northern land).
 
{{SUBPAGENAME}} used to be written in a native logography, but today it uses an initial-and-rime orthography developed from a fanqie system; the newer orthography is natively named after Lád Ăr Tå{{acute}}vq, who published a large volume of poetry using the system.
 
== Todo ==
Morph into Æ
<poem>
Chè mè trìa khuất phóng lươm,
Áng về xoắt huận trừ đườm đẽo ganh.
Thẫm hường ngơ nghẻ dổi nành,
Nghiểu bêm liệp lặn tỷ thanh dói rừ.
 
Gib with lots of từ láy: chè mè (m-), đườm đẽo (-eoC), ngơ nghẻ (-eC), liệp lặn (-ănB)
</poem>
 
''Ýr můj můj (můj mæ̉m)! Mæ̣rq dræ̊̀ blỏv blúq!'' 'Don't be so greedy! You have enough!'


== Diachronics sketch ==
== Diachronics sketch ==
Old Æ -ång/k -ong/k -ůng/k -> Modern Æ -æ̊m/vˀ -øm/vˀ -ym/vˀ
Old Æ -ång/k -ong/k -ůng/k -> Modern Æ -æ̊m/vq -øm/vq -ym/vq


== Broad phonology ==
== Broad phonology ==
=== Initials ===
=== Initials ===
'''b d bl gl g f s fl sl t h m n ng l r v j 0''' /p t pl tɬ k f s fl ɬ ts h m n ŋ l ʁ v j ʔ/
'''b d bl gl gj g f s fl sl t hj h m n nj ng l lj r v j 0''' /p t pl tɬ c k f s fl ɬ ts ç h m n {{ñ}} ŋ l ʎ ʁ v j~z ʔ/
 
=== Medials ===
-r- /ʁ/ Since this lowers the vowel, the exact phonetic values of rV combinations must be learned. Tentatively only allowed after b d g f s t h m n ng v.


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
Nuclei: i y u ů e ø o æ æ̊ a å /i y ɨ u e ø o ɛ œ æ ɔ/
Æ has 13 nuclei: i y ŭ u ů e ø o æ æ̊ ă a å /i y ɨ ɨ{{long}} u e ø o ɛ œ æ æ{{long}} ɔ/


=== Finals ===
=== Finals ===
-0 -j -v -d -r -n -m /-0 -j -w -ð{{lowered}}ˠ -ɐ̯ -ⁿ -w{{tilde}}/
-0 -j -v -d -r -n -m -q -jq -vq -dq -rq -nq -mq /-0 -j -w -ð -ɐ̯ -ŋ -wŋ͡m -ʔ -jʔ -wʔ -ðʔ -ɐ̯ʔ -ŋʔ -wŋ͡mʔ/
==== Origins of finals ====
==== Origins of finals ====
* -0 comes from older -0 (tone A), -ʔ (tone B), -h (tone C), -k (tone D)
* -0 comes from older -0 (tone A), -ʔ (tone B), -h (tone C), -k (tone D)
Line 32: Line 44:
8 tones, 2 of which have stød
8 tones, 2 of which have stød
==== Tone box ====
==== Tone box ====
Vietnamese tone diacritics are used to indicate the abstract etymological origin of the tone (The precise tone values are TBD)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
Line 41: Line 52:
|-
|-
!Modal initial
!Modal initial
|a
|a (Hanoi ''ngang'')
|á
|á (Hanoi nonentering ''sắc'')
|ả
|ả (Hanoi ''hỏi'')
|áˀ
|áq (High tone with stød)
|-
|-
!Breathy initial
!Breathy initial
|à
|à (Hanoi ''huyền'')
|ạ
|ạ (Saigon ''nặng'')
|ã
|ã (Hanoi ''ngã'')
|ạˀ
|ạq (Low tone with stød)
|}
|}


== Narrow phonology ==
== Narrow phonology ==
Steal from Danish narrow phonology as much as possible
Steal from Danish narrow phonology as much as possible
=== Initials ===
Initials are close to their broad transcriptions in Standard Æ.
One major dialect has r- = (true pharyngeal) [ħ], Cr = [Cʰ]
=== Rimes with no -r- medial ===
=== Rimes with no -r- medial ===
aj /ɑj/
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
! colspan="13"|Nucleus
|-
!/æː/
!/æ/
!/ɛ/
!/œ/
!/ɔ/
!/e/
!/ø/
!/o/
!/i/
!/y/
!/u/
!/ɨː/
!/ɨ/
|-
! rowspan="8"|Coda
! /0/
| [ɛː]<br/>''a''
| -
| [eː]<br/>''æ''
| [œ̝ː]<br/>''æ̊''
| [ɔ̽ː]<br/>''å''
| [e̝ː]<br/>''e''
| [øː]<br/>''ø''
| [o̝ː]<br/>''o''
| [iː]<br/>''i''
| [yː]<br/>''y''
| [uː]<br/>''ů''
| [ɨː]<br/>''u''
| -
|-
! /j(ʔ)/
| [ɛːj]<br/>''aj''
| [ɑ̈j]<br/>''ăj''
| -
| -
| [ɒ̽ːj]<br/>''åj''
| -
| -
| [oːj]<br/>''oj''
| -
| -
| [uːj]<br/>''ůj''
| [ɨːj]<br/>''uj''
| [əj]<br/>''ŭj''
|-
! /w(ʔ)/
| [ɛːw]<br/>''av''
| [æw]<br/>''ăv''
| [eːw]<br/>''æv''
| [œːw]<br/>''æ̊v''
| [ɔ̽ːw]<br/>''åv''
| [e̝ːw]<br/>''ev''
| [øːw]<br/>''øv''
| -
| [iːw]<br/>''iv''
| [yːw]<br/>''yv''
| -
| [ɨːw]<br/>''uv''
| [əw]<br/>''ŭv''
|-
! /ð(ʔ)/
| [ɛːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ad''
| [æð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ăd''
| [eːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''æd''
| [œ̝ːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''æ̊d''
| [ɔ̽ːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''åd''
| [e̝ːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ed''
| [øːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ød''
| [o̝ːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''od''
| [iːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''id''
| [yːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''yd''
| [uːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ůd''
| [ð̩˕˗ˠː]<br/>''ud''
| [əð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ŭd''
|-
! /ɐ̯(ʔ)/
| [ɑ̈ː]<br/>''ar''
| [ɑ̈ː]<br/>''ăr''
| [eːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ær''
| [œːɒ̯̽]<br/>''æ̊r''
| [ɒ̝ː]<br/>''år''
| [e̝ːɒ̯̽]<br/>''er''
| [øːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ør''
| [o̝ːɒ̯̽]<br/>''or''
| [iːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ir''
| [yːɒ̯̽]<br/>''yr''
| [uːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ůr''
| [ɨːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ur''
| [əɒ̯̽]<br/>''ŭr''
|-
! /ŋ(ʔ)/
| [ɛ̃ː]<br/>''an''
| [ãː]<br/>''ăn''
|-
! /ŋ͡m(ʔ)/
| [ɛ̃ːw̃~ɛːw̃]<br/>''am''
| [æ̃w̃~æw̃]<br/>''ăm''
|-
! /ʔ/
| [ɛːʔ]<br/>''aˀ''
| [æʔ]<br/>''ăˀ''
|}


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
=== Polar questions ===
=== Polar questions ===
Yes-no questions either use the A-not-A form or put the appropriate negative word at the end.
Yes-no questions either use the A-not-A form or put the appropriate negative word at the end.
:''Mæ{{cdb}}rˀ húd med blảj Æ?'' / ''Mæ{{cdb}}rˀ húd blảj Æ med?''  
:''Mæ{{cdb}}rq húd med blảj Æ?'' / ''Mæ{{cdb}}rq húd blảj Æ med?''  
: 2 COP NEG.COP human Æ / 2 COP human Æ NEG.COP
: 2 COP NEG.COP human Æ / 2 COP human Æ NEG.COP
: Are you Æ?
: Are you Æ?
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Æ"