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{{List subpages}}
{{List subpages}}
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator =
|name = Quququqquq
|nativename = quququqquq qaqqaäa
|pronunciation=kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ
|setting = [[Verse:Mwail]]
|region =
|speakers=1.5 billion
|date=2025
|familycolor=austronesian
|fam1=[[Verse:Mwail/Irenesian languages|Irenesian]]
|fam2=[[Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages|Erno-Kawenic]]
|fam3=[[Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]]
|fam4=Quququqquqqic
|fam5=Old Quququqquq
|iso3=
|official=
|notice=IPA
}}
'''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ''ä ü'' and low, Romanized ''a u'').


In [[Verse:Angai|Angai]], '''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, written ä and low, written a). It's spoken in the island nation of Quqqaäa (pronounced /'kʊkə/ in English).
Quququqquq grammar is mainly inspired by Finnic languages. Like Estonian, Quququqquq is a partially fusionalized agglutinative language with a large noun case system.


Todo: Vedic-style chanting tradition
== Todo ==
auääuauüuauüq - a word like õueaiaäär


uüuquqau 'cow'
== History ==
Old Quququqquq had two consonants /t k/. After an epidemic hit, speakers could only communicate in a whistled form of the language, which didn't distinguish between the two consonants. When they later developed a written language based on this, the distinction was thus lost. Words that became homophonous were distinguished by compounding and derivation.
== Phonology ==
=== Allophony ===
=== Phonotactics ===
Initial q must be followed by a vowel


qäqqäquqau 'crow'
Geminate q may occur after a vowel, including word-finally


== Nouns and adjectives ==
Any sequence of vowels/tones are allowed, except äää/aaa/üüü/uuu
 
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
Quququqquq nouns and adjectives have 17 cases:
# '''nominative''': the syntactic subject of any verb, intransitive or transitive
# '''genitive''': the possessor of a noun, or the semantic patient of a verb (the noun that undergoes change as a result of a transitive verb)
# '''partitive''': an object of a transitive verb that is not semantically a patient
# '''illative''': 'into'
# '''inessive''': 'in, inside'
# '''elative''': 'out of'
# '''allative''': 'towards; recipient of an act of giving'
# '''adessive''': 'at, by, next to'
#* ''X-ADE qau Y-NOM'' is used for 'X has Y': ''Qauaqqüqua qau qüqququqau'' 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'
# '''ablative''': 'from; a person who something is taken, stolen, etc. from'
# '''translative''': 'becoming X'
# '''terminative''': 'as far as a location, until/by a certain point in time' (Korean -까지)
# '''durative''': 'at (temporal), during'
# '''essive''': 'being X'
# '''exessive''': 'becoming something else than X'
# '''comitative''': 'together with X'
# '''abessive''': 'without X'
# '''instructive''': 'using X'
 
==== Inflection ====
Nouns and adjectives have four principal parts:
Nouns and adjectives have four principal parts:
* I (nominative singular): never ends in -qq
* I: nominative singular (never ends in -qq)
* II (genitive singular): never ends in -q
* II: genitive singular (never ends in -q)
* III (genitive plural): never ends in -q
* III: genitive plural (often but not always ends in ''-qa''; never ends in -q)
* IV (partitive plural)
* IV: partitive plural (often III+q but not always)
 
Some partitive plurals have vowel alternations:
-a -> -ü
-ä -> -u
-u -> -ä
-ü -> -a


Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:
Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:
Line 38: Line 96:
|-
|-
!|elative
!|elative
| II-qquq || III-qquq
| II-qqüq || III-qqüq
|-
|-
!|allative
!|allative
Line 47: Line 105:
|-
|-
!|ablative
!|ablative
| II-qqaq || III-qqaq
| II-qqäq || III-qqäq
|-
|-
!|translative
!|translative
Line 62: Line 120:
|-
|-
!|exessive
!|exessive
| II-qauaq || III-qauaq
| II-qauäq || III-qauäq
|-
|-
!|comitative
!|comitative
Line 90: Line 148:
!|partitive
!|partitive
|aquaq||'''aquauq'''
|aquaq||'''aquauq'''
|-
!|illative
| aqüü || aquaqaü
|-
!|inessive
| aqüqqu || aquaqaqqu
|-
!|elative
| aqüqqüq|| aquaqaqqüq
|-
!|allative
| aqüqua || aquaqaqua
|-
!|adessive
| aqüqqa || aquaqaqqa
|-
!|ablative
| aqüqqäq || aquaqaqqäq
|-
!|translative
| aqüququ || aquaqaququ
|-
!|terminative
| aqüquaä || aquaqaquaä
|-
!|durative
| aqüquqqü || aquaqaquqqü
|-
!|essive
| aqüqaua || aquaqaqaua
|-
!|exessive
| aqüqauäq || aquaqaqauäq
|-
!|comitative
| aqüqqäqu || aquaqaqqäqu
|-
!|abessive
| aqüuqqau || aquaqauqqau
|-
!|instructive
| aqüqqaqqu || aquaqaqqaqqu
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
Line 105: Line 206:
!|partitive
!|partitive
|quququqquqq ||'''quququqquqq'''
|quququqquqq ||'''quququqquqq'''
|-
!|illative
| quququqququü || quququqquqaü
|-
!|inessive
| quququqququqqu || quququqquqaqqu
|-
!|elative
| quququqququqqüq || quququqquqaqqüq
|-
!|allative
| quququqquququa || quququqquqaqua
|-
!|adessive
| quququqququqqa || quququqquqaqqa
|-
!|ablative
| quququqququqqäq || quququqquqaqqäq
|-
!|translative
| quququqququququ || quququqquqaququ
|-
!|terminative
| quququqquququaä || quququqquqaquaä
|-
!|durative
| quququqquququqqü || quququqquqaquqqü
|-
!|essive
| quququqququqaua || quququqquqaqaua
|-
!|exessive
| quququqququqauäq || quququqquqaqauäq
|-
!|comitative
| quququqququqqäqu || quququqquqaqqäqu
|-
!|abessive
| quququqququuqqau || quququqquqauqqau
|-
!|instructive
| quququqququqqaqqu || quququqquqaqqaqqu
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
Line 121: Line 264:
!|partitive
!|partitive
|qaqqaäaq ||'''qaqqaäaq'''
|qaqqaäaq ||'''qaqqaäaq'''
|-
!|illative
| qaqqaäaü || qaqqaäqaü
|-
!|inessive
| qaqqaäaqqu || qaqqaäqaqqu
|-
!|elative
| qaqqaäaqqüq || qaqqaäqaqqüq
|-
!|allative
| qaqqaäaqua || qaqqaäqaqua
|-
!|adessive
| qaqqaäaqqa || qaqqaäqaqqa
|-
!|ablative
| qaqqaäaqqäq || qaqqaäqaqqäq
|-
!|translative
| qaqqaäaququ || qaqqaäqaququ
|-
!|terminative
| qaqqaäaquaä || qaqqaäqaquaä
|-
!|durative
| qaqqaäaquqqü || qaqqaäqaquqqü
|-
!|essive
| qaqqaäaqaua || qaqqaäqaqaua
|-
!|exessive
| qaqqaäaqauäq || qaqqaäqaqauäq
|-
!|comitative
| qaqqaäaqqäqu || qaqqaäqaqqäqu
|-
!|abessive
| qaqqaäauqqau || qaqqaäqauqqau
|-
!|instructive
| qaqqaäaqqaqqu || qaqqaäqaqqaqqu
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


== Verbs ==
=== Verbs ===
Quququqquq verbs have several differences from Standard Average European:
Unlike nouns and adjectives, most verbs have an unchanging stem. There are only two irregular verbs in the language: ''qaüqa'' 'to be' and ''quüqquqa'' 'to go'.
* negative verb that marks TAM
* emphatic forms instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
* impersonal forms


Infinitives end in ''-uqa'' or ''-üqa'' depending on the verb.
Quququqquq verbs have several differences from those of Standard Average European:
* verbs are negated using a negative verb that marks TAM
* emphatic forms are used to emphasize the subject, instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
* impersonal forms are used instead of the passive voice
 
Infinitives end in ''-uqa'' or ''-üqa'' depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the 2sg imperative except in irregular verbs.
 
The suffix ''-uqqaqq'' can optionally be added to plural verb forms. The pragmatics of ''-uqqaqq'' varies by dialect.
==== Regular ''-uqa'' verbs ====
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+
|+
''quqüäquqa'' 'to write'
''quqüäq-uqa'' 'to write'
|-
|-
! colspan="10" | indicative mood
! colspan="10" | indicative mood
Line 148: Line 338:
|-
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
| quqüäqau || äau quqüä || quqüäqää || äqqau quqüä || quqüäqauq || äqauq quqüä || quqüäqääuq || äqqauq quqüä || - || -
| quqüäq'''au''' || '''äau''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''auqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || - || -
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| quqüäqu || äu quqüä || quqüäqäqu || äqqu quqüä || quqüäqä || äqä quqüä || quqüäqäqä || äqqä quqüä || quqüä || äua quqüä
| quqüäq'''u''' || '''äu''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qä''' || '''äqäqqä''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''a''' || '''äua''' quqüäq'''a'''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| quqüäquq || ää quqüä || quqüäqä || äqq quqüä || quqüäqqa || äqa quqüä || quqüäqäqqa || äqqa quqüä || quqüäqa || äuqaa quqüä
| quqüäq'''uq''' || '''äa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ä''' || '''äqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''uqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaq''' || '''äuqaq''' quqüäq'''a'''
|-
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
| quqüäqaüq || äqaüq quqüä || quqüäqäaüq || äqqauq quqüä || quqüäqaüquqqaqq || äqaüquqqaqq quqüä || quqüäqäaüquqqaqq || äqqaüquqqaqq quqüä || quqüäqaqauq || äuqaqauq quqüä
| quqüäq'''aüq''' || '''äqaüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''aüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' quqüäq'''a'''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| quqüäququq || äququq quqüä || quqüäqäuquq || äqququq quqüä || quqüäquququqqaqq || äquququqqaqq quqüä || quqüäqäuququqqaqq || äqquququqqaqq quqüä || quqüäqaquq || äuqaquq quqüä
| quqüäq'''uquq''' || '''äququq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äuquq''' || '''äqququq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''uququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qü''' || '''äuqü''' quqüäq'''a'''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| quqüäqüüq || äqüüq quqüä || quqüäqäüüq || äqqüüq quqüä || quqüäqqauqqaqq || äqauqqaqq quqüä || quqüäqäüüquqqaqq || äqqauqqaqq quqüä || quqüäqääq || äuqääq quqüä
| quqüäq'''üüq''' || '''äqüüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''üüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaq''' || '''äuqaq''' quqüäq'''a'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | impersonal
! colspan="2" | impersonal
| quqüäqua || äqua quqüä || quqüäqäua || äqqua quqüä || - || - || - || - || quqüäqaua || äuqaua quqüä
| quqüäq'''ua''' || '''äqua''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äua''' || '''äqqua''' quqüäq'''a''' || - || - || - || - || quqüäq'''qua''' || '''äuqua''' quqüäq'''a'''
|}
|}
<poem>
aquqquqa 'to eat'


Non-past:
==== Regular ''-üqa'' verbs ====
aquqqau 'I eat'
''-üqa'' results from assimilation of a stem ending in ''-u-'' + ''-uqa''. The rule ''u-u'' -> ''ü'' is applied whenever a suffix begins with ''u''.
aquqqu (2sg)
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
aquqquq (3sg)
|+
aquqqaüq (1pl)
''auäqq-üqa'' 'to dig'
aquqququq (2pl)
|-
aquqqüüq (3pl)
! colspan="10" | indicative mood
aquqqua (impersonal)
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood
|-
!colspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | nonpast
! colspan="2" | past
! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic
! colspan="2" | past emphatic
|-
! per. || no.
! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
| auäqq'''uau''' || '''äau''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uauqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || - || -
|-
! 2nd
| auäqq'''ü''' || '''äu''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqä''' || '''äqäqqä''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''ua''' || '''äua''' auäqq'''ua'''
|-
! 3rd
| auäqq'''üq''' || '''äa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uä''' || '''äqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''üqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaq''' || '''äuqaq''' auäqq'''ua'''
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
| auäqq'''uaüq''' || '''äqaüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uaüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' auäqq'''ua'''
|-
! 2nd
| auäqq'''üquq''' || '''äququq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäuquq''' || '''äqququq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''üququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uü''' || '''äuqü''' auäqq'''ua'''
|-
! 3rd
| auäqq'''uüüq''' || '''äqüüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uüüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaq''' || '''äuqaq''' auäqq'''ua'''
|-
! colspan="2" | impersonal
| auäqq'''üa''' || '''äqua''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäua''' || '''äqqua''' auäqq'''ua''' || - || - || - || - || auäqq'''uqua''' || '''äuqaua''' auäqq'''ua'''
|}
 
==== ''qaüqa'' 'to be' ====
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+
''qaüqa'' 'to be'
|-
! colspan="10" | indicative mood
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood
|-
!colspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | nonpast
! colspan="2" | past
! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic
! colspan="2" | past emphatic
|-
! per. || no.
! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
| qauau || äau qaua || qauää || äqqau qaua || qauauqqa || äqauqqa qaua || qauääuqqa || äqqauqqa qaua || - || -
|-
! 2nd
| qaü || äu qaua || qauäqu || äqqu qaua || qauqä || äqäqqä qaua || qauäqqä || äqqäqqä qaua || qüu || äua qüu
|-
! 3rd
| qau || äa qaua || qauä || äqq qaua || qaüqqa || äqaquqqa qaua || qauäqqa || äqqaqqa qaua || qüuqaq || äuqaq qüu
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
| qauaüq || äqaüq qaua || qauäaüq || äqqauq qaua || qauaüquqq || äqaüquqq qaua || qauäaüquqq || äqqaüquqq qaua || qüuqaüq || äuqaüq qüu
|-
! 2nd
| qaüquq || äququq qaua || qauäuquq || äqququq qaua || qaüququqq || äquququqq qaua || qauäuququqq || äqquququqq qaua || qüuqü || äuqü qüu
|-
! 3rd
| qaüüq || äqüüq qaua || qauäüüq || äqqüüq qaua || qaüüquqq || äqauqq qaua || qauäüüquqq || äqqauqq qaua || qüuqaq || äuqaq qüu
|-
! colspan="2" | impersonal
| qaüa || äqua qaua || qauäua || äqqua qaua || - || - || - || - || qüuqua || äuqua qüu
|}
 
==== ''quüqquqa'' 'to go' ====
This verb uses the stem ''aqäaq-'' in the indicative mood and the stem ''quüqq-'' in the imperative mood.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+
''quüqquqa'' 'to go'
|-
! colspan="10" | indicative mood
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood
|-
!colspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | nonpast
! colspan="2" | past
! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic
! colspan="2" | past emphatic
|-
! per. || no.
! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
| aqäaq'''au''' || '''äau''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''auqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || - || -
|-
! 2nd
| aqäaq'''u''' || '''äu''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''qä''' || '''äqäqqä''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''a''' || '''äua''' quüqq'''a'''
|-
! 3rd
| aqäaq'''uq''' || '''äa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ä''' || '''äqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''uqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aq''' || '''äuqaq''' quüqq'''a'''
|-
! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
| aqäaq'''aüq''' || '''äqaüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''aüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' quüqq'''a'''
|-
! 2nd
| aqäaq'''uquq''' || '''äququq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äuquq''' || '''äqququq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''uququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''ü''' || '''äuqü''' quüqq'''a'''
|-
! 3rd
| aqäaq'''üüq''' || '''äqüüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''üüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aq''' || '''äuqaq''' quüqq'''a'''
|-
! colspan="2" | impersonal
| aqäaq'''ua''' || '''äqua''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äua''' || '''äqqua''' aqäaq'''a''' || - || - || - || - || quüqq'''ua''' || '''äuqua''' quüqq'''a'''
|}
 
=== Pronouns ===
Personal pronouns have no nominative forms; emphatic forms of verbs are used instead to emphasize a pronominal subject.
 
Pronouns have emphatic forms too.


äau aquq 'I do not eat'
* ''quqüü'' 'who, what'
äu aquq
ää aquq
äqaüq aquq
äququq aquq
äqüüq aquq
äqua aquq


</poem>
=== Derivation ===
=== ''qaüqa'' 'to be' ===


== Phrasebook ==
* ''Uu.'' 'Yes.'
* ''Aäa.'' 'No.'
[[Category:Angai]]
[[Category:Angai]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq"