Linguifex

Dlav: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
 
(11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 180: Line 180:
Typically, a root plus an interfix forms a stem, and adding an suffix forms a word. Interfixes are not mandatory.
Typically, a root plus an interfix forms a stem, and adding an suffix forms a word. Interfixes are not mandatory.
* Dlàv- ‘Dlav (language)’, nouns like that, lacking an interfix, are often called root nouns.
* Dlàv- ‘Dlav (language)’, nouns like that, lacking an interfix, are often called root nouns.
* Dlàv-ey- ‘a Dlav speaker’, with an interfix, nouns with an interfix are called stem nouns.
* Dlv-ey- ‘a Dlav speaker’, with an interfix, nouns with an interfix are called stem nouns.
* Dlàv-ey-ra ‘a masculine Dlav speaker’, with a suffix.
* Dlv-i-ra ‘a fluent Dlav speaker’, with a suffix.
 
Interfixes and suffixes always zero grade the preceding element. Zero grade nouns don't change.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Line 188: Line 190:
===Noun inflection===
===Noun inflection===
Dlav nouns inflect by case and number:
Dlav nouns inflect by case and number:
* Eleven cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, abessive, comitative, inessive, adessive, allative, ablative.
* Twelve cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, abessive, comitative, inessive, adessive, allative, ablative and elative.
** Of which, five cases are strong, i.e. they need the original grade form of a root, those are: nominative, accusative, dative, inessive and ablative.
** Of which, five are strong (i.e. keep the original grade of the word): nominative, accusative, instrumental, inessive and ablative
** Five are weak, counterparting the strong cases: genitive, dative, abessive, allative and elative
** Two are neuter, lacking counterparts and having reduplicative nature: adessive and comitative.
* Two genders: animate and inanimate.
* Two numbers: singular and plural.
* Two numbers: singular and plural.


The animate declension has the following paradigma:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! Number
! Number
! Case
! Case
! strong (originally full grade) declension
! strong (originally full grade)ᵃ declension
! weak (originally zero grade) declension
! weak (originally zero grade) declension
|-
|-
!rowspan=11| Singular
!rowspan=12| Singular
! {{small|nom.}}
! {{small|nom.}}
| Dlàv (-∅)
| Dlàv (-∅)
Line 205: Line 211:
|-
|-
! {{small|acc.}}¹
! {{small|acc.}}¹
| Dlàv-m  
| Dlàv-m
| Ney-ñ
| Ney-ñ
|-
|-
! {{small|dat.}}²
! {{small|dat.}}¹
| Dlàv-e-ski
| Dlv-mà
| Ney-ski
| Niey-ñ
|-
|-
! {{small|gen.}}³
! {{small|gen.}}
| Dlv (-∅)
| Dlv (-∅)
| Niey (-∅)
| Niey (-∅)
|-
|-
! {{small|ins.}}
! {{small|ins.}}²
| Dlv-o
| Dlàv-ź
| Niey-o
| Ney-ź
|-
! {{small|abe.}}²
| Dlv-źà
| Niey-ź
|-
! {{small|com.}}³
| Dlàv-à
| Ney-n
|-
! {{small|ine.}}
| Dlàv-eꜣ
| Ney-eꜣ
|-
! {{small|ade.}}⁴
| Dlàv-dlv
| Ney-ni
|-
! {{small|all.}}
| Dlv-àꜣ
| Niey-eꜣ
|-
! {{small|abl.}}⁵
| Dlàv-b
| Ney-ḏ
|-
! {{small|ela.}}⁵
| Dlv-bà
| Niey-ḏ
|}
|}


¹ The nasal mora sandhi according to the preceding consonant. If there is no consonant, /n/ is the default. <br>
ᵃ With mobile vowel. <br>
² An -e- interfix is added if two obstruents collide. <br>
¹ The nasal mora always suffers sandhi after a consonant. If there is no consonant, /n/ is applied. <br>
³ The grade is reversed, as explained.
² The palatal sibilant mora always suffer voice sandhi after a consonant. If there is no consonant, /ɕ/ is applied. <br>
³ The root vowel is reduplicated. <br>
⁴ The reverse grade is reduplicated. <br>
⁵ The plosive mora always suffers sandhi after a consonant, both in voice and articulation. If there is no consonant, /t/ is applied.
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Dlav"