Glommish: Difference between revisions
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====Articles==== | ====Articles==== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article '' | {{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''an'' and the definite article ''the''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English. | ||
* ''Mir davienь thá amblen'' 'I like almonds (in general)' | * ''Mir davienь thá amblen'' 'I like almonds (in general)' | ||
* ''Ik ví amblen'' 'I want almonds (specific indefinite plural noun)' | * ''Ik ví amblen'' 'I want almonds (specific indefinite plural noun)' | ||
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Also: ''andie'' 'end', ''ave'' 'river', ''biare'' 'bear', ''fytie'' 'wheat', ''hiarte'' 'heart', ''knave'' 'servant', ''mage'' 'throat', ''óge'' 'eye', ''óre'' 'ear', ''szúe'' 'sky', ''ukse'' 'ox', ''yriene'' 'copper'. [''ave'' can also be declined like a feminine noun.] | Also: ''andie'' 'end', ''ave'' 'river', ''biare'' 'bear', ''fytie'' 'wheat', ''hiarte'' 'heart', ''knave'' 'servant', ''mage'' 'throat', ''óge'' 'eye', ''óre'' 'ear', ''szúe'' 'sky', ''ukse'' 'ox', ''yriene'' 'copper'. [''ave'' can also be declined like a feminine noun.] | ||
Arabic nisba names and Latin and Greek -ō names become n-stems, like ''Elь-Ferábí, Elь-Ferábíenь'' 'Al-Farabi', ''Niare, Niarenь'' 'Nero', and '' | Arabic masculine nisba names and Latin and Greek masculine -ō names become n-stems, like ''Elь-Ferábí, Elь-Ferábíenь'' 'Al-Farabi', ''Niare, Niarenь'' 'Nero', and ''Apole, Apolenь'' 'Apollo'. Feminine Latin and Greek -ō names and feminine Arabic names use the feminine declension instead: ''Júne, Júne, Júner'' 'Juno', ''Safe, Safe, Safer'' 'Sappho', ''Elь-Ferábíe, Elь-Ferábíe, Elь-Ferábíer'' 'Al-Farabiyya'. | ||
====Feminine nouns==== | ====Feminine nouns==== | ||
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Also: ''sviestier'' 'sister', ''duchtier'' 'daughter'. | Also: ''sviestier'' 'sister', ''duchtier'' 'daughter'. | ||
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="3" | ''kome'' (m.) 'comma' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 90px;" | Case | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| ''the kome'' || ''thá komen/komete'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ''them komenь'' || ''thím komem/kometem'' | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ''thes komenь'' || ''thier komen/kometen'' | |||
|} | |||
Also other nouns loaned from Greek ''-ma'' nouns. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The present has regularized. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use: | The present has regularized, and is less common than the past forms. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use: | ||
*''Fí durstie thú...'' = How dare you... | *''Fí durstie thú...'' = How dare you... | ||
*''Ik durstь yncz erbaren thá anfer.'' = I wouldn't dare reveal the answer. | *''Ik durstь yncz erbaren thá anfer.'' = I wouldn't dare reveal the answer. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! present | ! present | ||
| ''jém'', (colloquial) '' | | ''jém'', (colloquial) ''kiém'', (poetic) ''czém'' || ''jér'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''sith'' || ''sinь'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past | ! past | ||
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{{PAGENAME}} word order is V2 but is more similar to Icelandic than German. German-style SOV is considered poetic. | {{PAGENAME}} word order is V2 but is more similar to Icelandic than German. German-style SOV is considered poetic. | ||
:'''''Fanь | :'''''Fanь kiém már, ví ik biegrán ne lyriernie.''''' | ||
:''When I grow up, I want to become a teacher.'' | :''When I grow up, I want to become a teacher.'' | ||
:(German: Wenn ich groß bin, will ich Lehrerin werden.) | :(German: Wenn ich groß bin, will ich Lehrerin werden.) | ||
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In modern Glommish, phrasal verbs are always separated, except in derived agent and verbal nouns. Colloquial Glommish does so even in agent and verbal nouns derived with -erь and -eng, using the borrowed English construction ''VERB-erь/-eng PREP-erь/-eng'' (cf. English ''fixer-upper''). Only the second suffix takes declension inflection. | In modern Glommish, phrasal verbs are always separated, except in derived agent and verbal nouns. Colloquial Glommish does so even in agent and verbal nouns derived with -erь and -eng, using the borrowed English construction ''VERB-erь/-eng PREP-erь/-eng'' (cf. English ''fixer-upper''). Only the second suffix takes declension inflection. | ||
: '''''húżen út''''' | : '''''(ta) húżen út''''' | ||
: 'to express' | : 'to express' | ||
: '''''úthúżeng''''' | : '''''úthúżeng''''' | ||
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====Progressive==== | ====Progressive==== | ||
Progressive tenses denote ongoing actions. An Irish-like construction is used: the auxiliary ''bión'' is used (which carries the tense), and the lexical verb becomes ''at'' 'at' + infinitive. In formal Glommish, the direct object of the verb takes the genitive. | Progressive tenses denote ongoing actions. An Irish-like construction is used: the auxiliary ''bión'' is used (which carries the tense), and the lexical verb becomes ''at'' 'at' + infinitive. In formal Glommish, the direct object of the verb takes the genitive. | ||
* '' | * ''Kiém at jaten the apel.'' "I'm eating the apple." | ||
* ''The hund vaz at thróten jan.'' "The dog was threatening him." | * ''The hund vaz at thróten jan.'' "The dog was threatening him." | ||
* '' | * ''Kiém thárat.'' "I'm on it." | ||
====Perfect==== | ====Perfect==== | ||