Moshurian: Difference between revisions
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'''Moshurian'''(''uthilikh''; <small>Moshurian:</small> [[IPA for Moshurian|<nowiki>[ˈuð.ilix]</nowiki>]]) is a Tulooric language spoken mostly in Talkoch. It is the most spoken language in Talkoch, and | '''Moshurian'''(''uthilikh''; <small>Moshurian:</small> [[IPA for Moshurian|<nowiki>[ˈuð.ilix]</nowiki>]]) is a Tulooric language spoken mostly in Talkoch. It is the most spoken language in Talkoch and Radael as a whole, and thus acts as a general ''lingua franca'' across Radael, both in Talkoch and Birnu. Significant minority communities include those on [[Etzeá|Etzeán]] Island, many in the Iśatúr Confederacy and the Eastern Gegfen Alliance(also called the ''Dmuriékh''). It is the sole official language of the Moshurian Empire, and is widely used administratively and academically in the Moshurian Empire. | ||
Moshurian is a mostly agglutinative language, with fusional features like particles. It is an OSV language with a free noun-adjective order and a paroxytonic stress pattern. | Moshurian is a mostly agglutinative language, with some fusional features like particles. It is an OSV language with a free noun-adjective order and a paroxytonic stress pattern. | ||
==Usage== | ==Usage== | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
===Origin=== | ===Origin=== | ||
Moshurian is of the [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] language superfamily, which also includes languages like [[Ilda]] and [[Barbuz]]. Within the superfamily, it is of the '''Paleoyeldhic''' branch: a deriviation of [[Proto-Yeldhic]] spoken by the first Proto-Yeldhic farmers in the fertile Ulmic Crescent and around the rivers of Zád and Pêrush. The Moshurians are of a Paleoyeldhic origin, and are | Moshurian is of the [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] language superfamily, which also includes languages like [[Ilda]] and [[Barbuz]]. Within the superfamily, it is of the '''Paleoyeldhic''' branch: a deriviation of [[Proto-Yeldhic]] spoken by the first Proto-Yeldhic farmers in the fertile Ulmic Crescent and around the rivers of Zád and Pêrush. The Moshurians are of a Paleoyeldhic origin, and are descended from the ''β''-Paleoyeldhics, who advanced south into the wider Tarám River Basin and settled in the temperate Munsanukh Valley and the coast of Tuloor Lake, where the split between the Tulooric and Najmunsaic languages occured around 3000 UH. Moshurian is of the Tulooric branch. | ||
===Ancestors=== | ===Ancestors=== | ||
====Comparative morphology==== | ====Comparative morphology==== | ||
{| class= | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan=2 | !! Early Moshurian !! Old Moshurian !! Middle Moshurian !! Modern Moshurian | ! colspan=2 | !! Early Moshurian !! Old Moshurian !! Middle Moshurian !! Modern Moshurian | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Roōka was another linguist who studied Moshuric sound changes, and he hypothesised and attested his own law of Moshuric sound changes, in which inset /ʃ/ allophones labialised to become Middle Moshurian /ɸ/. | Roōka was another linguist who studied Moshuric sound changes, and he hypothesised and attested his own law of Moshuric sound changes, in which inset /ʃ/ allophones labialised to become Middle Moshurian /ɸ/. | ||
Roōka's law was preserved into most dialects of Modern Moshurian, though the [[Moshurian#Sépenzg dialect|Sépenzg dialect]] still preserved Old Moshurian phonology. Strangely the morphology has stayed on course with other Modern Moshurian dialects. | Roōka's law was preserved into most dialects of Modern Moshurian, though the [[Moshurian dialects#Sépenzg dialect|Sépenzg dialect]] still preserved Old Moshurian phonology. Strangely the morphology has stayed on course with other Modern Moshurian dialects. | ||
====Middle Moshurian==== | ====Middle Moshurian==== | ||
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Consonant phonemes | |+ Consonant phonemes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class=" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Vowel phonemes | |+ Vowel phonemes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || || || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] | | colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || || colspan=2| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]]~[[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs in Moshurian are inflected with the infinitive suffix ''-omh'', and then it can be further conjugated based on pronoun. | Verbs in Moshurian are inflected with the infinitive suffix ''-omh'', and then it can be further conjugated based on pronoun. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Suffixes | |+ Suffixes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
Numerals in Moshurian are labelled as cardinal by adding the suffix ''-i'' to a number. | Numerals in Moshurian are labelled as cardinal by adding the suffix ''-i'' to a number. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! Moshurian !! English | ! Moshurian !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Demonstrative pronouns | |+ Demonstrative pronouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====Personal==== | ====Personal==== | ||
Personal pronouns in Moshurian are, for the most part, identical to their verb inflections. | Personal pronouns in Moshurian are, for the most part, identical to their verb inflections. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Personal pronouns | |+ Personal pronouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====Possessive==== | ====Possessive==== | ||
Possessive pronouns in Moshurian are identical to personal pronouns, except that they add the prefix ''ta-'' before the personal pronoun. | Possessive pronouns in Moshurian are identical to personal pronouns, except that they add the prefix ''ta-'' before the personal pronoun. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Possessive pronouns | |+ Possessive pronouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Moshurian has three noun cases: the '''nominative''', the '''accusative''' and the '''genitive'''. The nominative is not indicated, while the accusative is indicated with a ''-géd/-éd'' suffix for all nouns but pronouns and the suffix ''-e'' for pronouns. The genitive case is indicated with the | Moshurian has three noun cases: the '''nominative''', the '''accusative''' and the '''genitive'''. The nominative is not indicated, while the accusative is indicated with a ''-géd/-éd'' suffix for all nouns but pronouns and the suffix ''-e'' for pronouns. The genitive case is indicated with the | ||
prefix ''ta-''. | prefix ''ta-''. | ||
{| class= | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"; | ||
! colspan=2 | | ! colspan=2 | | ||
! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive | ! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive | ||
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====Tense particles==== | ====Tense particles==== | ||
In Moshurian, there are four main tenses- the present, the future, the far future and the simple past. To indicate that a phrase is in a certain tense, a ''particle'' is used just before the object, e.g. '''''öş''' gersetigéd kestolék''(I built a house). | In Moshurian, there are four main tenses- the present, the future, the far future and the simple past. To indicate that a phrase is in a certain tense, a ''particle'' is used just before the object, e.g. '''''öş''' gersetigéd kestolék''(I built a house). | ||
{|class=" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Tense particles | |+ Tense particles | ||
|- | |- | ||
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==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
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[[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | [[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Radael]] | |||