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Jorvanian: Difference between revisions

Created page with "{{Construction}} {{Infobox language |name = Jorvanian |state = Jorvania |setting = Southern Phrazea |created = 2009 |familycolor = Indo-Phrazean |fam2 = Jorvano-Clawmic |fam4 = Jorvanian |ancestor = Pre-Jorvanian |stand1 = Northern Jorvanian dialect |script1 = Latn }} '''Jorvanian''' is a Jorvano-Clawmic language belonging to the Indo-Phrazean family, which evolved..."
 
 
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! rowspan=4 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
! rowspan=4 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
| {{term|él}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|si}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|sije}}
| {{term|él}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|su}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|sije}}
|-
|-
! feminine
! feminine
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| colspan=3 | {{term|loro}}
| colspan=3 | {{term|loro}}
|}
|}
* The subject always precedes the verb. In many cases, the subject can be implied and left out, especially when the meaning is clear. The subject cannot appear in relative clauses when it remains the same as the one in the main clause.
:: ''(Ij) Parlo Jorvani.'' "I speak Jorvanian."
:: ''Il kane insegwiba il gato perké (él) čerkaba su kolar.'' "The dog was chasing the cat because he was looking for his collar."
* Objective pronouns function as direct objects. If the verb is in the infinitive or imperative form, the pronoun is attached to the verb with a hyphen. In other cases, the pronoun precedes the verb.
:: ''Él me dedo en penna.'' "He gave me a pen."
:: ''Envija-me en léttera.'' "Send me a letter."
* Possessive pronouns can function as determiners and pronouns. The possessive pronouns must appear like this: [article] + [pronoun] + [noun]. However, the article isn't always needed.
:: ''Moj matita.'' "My pencil."
:: ''Ašpjetta, este son loro exami!'' "Wait, these are their exams!"
:: ''Nostru istorija es valde divertente.'' "Our story is very funny."
===Verbs===
In Jorvanian, verbs typically fall into three conjugation patterns, ending in "-are", "-ere", and "-ire" in their infinitive forms. However, the conjugations are largely similar across these patterns. The language features two main tenses: the indicative and the subjunctive. Some verbs are irregular, with vowel or consonant changes occurring in their forms. There are active and passive verbs. Similar to Mikalandese, passive verbs are formed by adding the prefix "n-" before verbs that begin with a vowel and "ni-" before those that begin with a consonant.
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | Example — ''{{term|laudare}}'' ("to praise")
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''ij''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''él'', ''éla'', ''vusté''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''nos''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''vos''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''loro''
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| laudo
| laudas
| lauda
| laudamos
| laudatis
| laudano
|-
! perfect
| laude
| laudasti
| laudò
| laudammo
| laudastéjs
| laudarono
|-
! imperfect
| laudaba
| laudabas
| laudaba
| laudabamos
| laudabatis
| laudabano
|-
! future
| laudarò
| laudaraj
| laudarà
| laudarämos
| laudarätis
| laudaräno
|-
! conditional
| laudarej
| laudaresti
| laudarebbe
| laudaremmo
| laudaretis
| laudarebbero
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| lauda
| laudasti
| lauda
| laudemos
| laudetis
| laudano
|-
! perfect
| laudassi
| laudassi
| laudasse
| laudassimo
| laudassitis
| laudassero
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| lauda
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| laudate
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
=== Irregular verbs ===
==== ''essere'', to be ====
Like many Germanic and Jorvano-Clawmic languages, the verb "to be" is very irregular.
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | Example — ''{{term|essere}}'' ("to be")
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''ij''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''él'', ''éla'', ''vusté''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''nos''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''vos''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''loro''
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| sun
| esti
| esta
| somos
| sajs
| sono
|-
! perfect
| fui
| fuis
| fue
| fummo
| fuste
| furono
|-
! imperfect
| ero
| eri
| era
| erabamos
| erabatis
| erano
|-
! future
| sarò
| saraj
| sarà
| sarämos
| sarätis
| saräno
|-
! conditional
| sarej
| saresti
| sarebbe
| saremmo
| saretis
| sarebbero
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| sia
| sia
| sia
| simos
| sitis
| sijano
|-
! perfect
| fossi
| fossi
| fosse
| fossimo
| fossitis
| fossero
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| sé
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| sjate
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
</center>
== External links ==
* [[:Category:Jorvanian lemmas|Jorvanian language in Contionary]]
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