Linguifex

Yosman: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Vrianne (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,579 edits
mNo edit summary
Vrianne (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,579 edits
No edit summary
 
Line 7: Line 7:
|imagecaption      = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
|imagecaption      = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
|name              = Yosman
|name              = Yosman
|nativename        = غوېٓسِنہ<br>Ghwýsene
|nativename        = غوېٓسِنہ<br>Ghwűsene
|pronunciation    = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ
|pronunciation    = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ
|states            = Nabataea
|states            = Nabataea
Line 36: Line 36:
}}
}}


'''Yosman''' (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, ''th'Tundj Gwýsene'', /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as '''Nabataean''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] belonging to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic languages]], with [[w:English language|Englisc]] being the second.
'''Yosman''' (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, ''th'Tundj Ghwűsene'', /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as '''Nabataean''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] belonging to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic languages]], with [[w:English language|Englisc]] being the second.


==Classification==
==Classification==
Line 43: Line 43:
==History==
==History==
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
The endonym "غوېٓسِنہ" (''Ghwýsene'') is derived from غوېٓسِن (''Ghwýsen, "a Yosman"''), from Middle Gwýsene غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''), a fossilization of غِويسّ (''ɣewiss, "[[w:Gewisse|Geuisse]]"'') + مُن (''mon, "man"''), from Old Gwýsene ''yws mn'' (/yewisse monn/), from Old English [[wikt:gewiss#Old_English|Ġewisse]] [[wikt:monn#Old_English|monn]].
The endonym "غوېٓسِنہ" (''Ghwűsene'') is derived from غوېٓسِن (''Ghwűsen, "a Yosman"''), from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''), a fossilization of غِويسّ (''ɣewiss, "[[w:Gewisse|Geuisse]]"'') + مُن (''mon, "man"''), from Old Yosman ''yws mn'' (/yewisse monn/), from Old English [[wikt:gewiss#Old_English|Ġewisse]] [[wikt:monn#Old_English|monn]].


The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Gwýsene غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.
The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.


===Old Phrygian===
===Old Yosman===


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 53: Line 53:
====Pre-Modern vowels====
====Pre-Modern vowels====
====Modern vowels====
====Modern vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ '''Standard Yosman vowels'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="4" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="2" | [[w:Roundedness|Unrounded]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Roundedness|Rounded]]
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
|
| iː
|
| yː
|
| uː<sup>[1]</sup>
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close-Mid vowel|Close-Mid]]
| ɪ
| eː
| ʏ
| øː
| ʊ<sup>[1]</sup>
| oː
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open-Mid vowel|Open-Mid]]
| ɛ
|
| œ
|
| ɔ
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| ɐ
| æː
| colspan="2" |
|
| ɑː
|}
# nonnative phonemes
====Dialectical variations====
====Dialectical variations====
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Line 68: Line 117:
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | m
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | m
|  
|  
Line 76: Line 125:
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Polsive|Polsive]]/[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Plosive|Plosive]]/[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | p
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | p
|  
|  
Line 85: Line 134:
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | k
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | k
|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | b
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | b
|  
|  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | d
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | d
| d͡ʒ
| d͡ʒ<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɡ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɡ<sup>[2]</sup>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | f
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | f
| θ
| θ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | s
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | s
| ʃ
| ʃ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ç)
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ç)<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | x
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | x
|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | v
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | v
| ð
| ð
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | z
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | z
| ʒ
| ʒ<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ʝ)
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ʝ)<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɣ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɣ
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
|  
|  
Line 118: Line 167:
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 126: Line 175:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | w
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | w
|  
|  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ɹ) (l)
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ɹ)<sup>[4]</sup> (l)<sup>[5]</sup>
| j
| j<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɫ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɫ
|}
|}
# nonnative phonemes
# [ɡ] also surfaces as an allophone of /ɣ/ before a lateral consonant.
# allophones of /x ɣ/ near front vowels.
# allophone of /r ɾ/ post-vocalically.
# allophone of /ɫ/ when both word-final or word-initial and near front vowel.
====Dialectical variations====
====Dialectical variations====


Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Yosman"