New Karanesa: Difference between revisions

'''New Karanesa''' ([[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: [{{IPA|kaˈranɛsa}}]) is a [[Nentan languages|Nentan]] language spoken in Quillan. Derived from the former prestige language in the Quill Kingdom, Imperial Karanesa, New Karanesa is a constructed language maintained to make reading of Karanesa Empire-era and earlier works easier. It is assumed to be mostly compatible with Imperial Karanesa, though they are separated by time, so its compatibility is impossible to evaluate for certain.

''Karanesa'' is derived from ''Karane'' (a people group and the name for one of the Quillan calendar's epochs) + ''-äsa'' ("from the").

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || style="border-left: 0;" | mː

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || style="border-left: 0;" | nː

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | ɲː

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | ŋː

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless retroflex stop|ʈ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]

| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |[[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]

| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex fricative|ʐ]]

| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]

! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]

* The alveolar nasals and stops are prescribed a dental place of articulation, with the tongue touching the teeth. However, because New Karanesa is essentially always a second language, whether or not they are pronounced dental or alveolar depends heavily on which the speaker's native language has.

* Voiced plosives /b d g/ become fricatives [β ð ʒ] when a front vowel is adjacent to them.

* The voiced velar fricative [ɣ] is commonly pronounced uvular [ʁ], and may even be a uvular trill [ʀ].

|

| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e ej]]

| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]

| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o ow]]

| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]

| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]

| [[w:Open back rounded vowel|ɒː]]

* Imperial Karanesa's long vowel [ɒː] is preserved, as seen in this table. However, it is often pronounced with the same quality as its short equivalent.

New Karanesa is a stress or dynamic-accent language, where stressed syllables are louder and may be lengthened slightly. The Karanesan family does not have a pitch accent system, unlike Rokadong.

Stress is usually described as phonemic in Karanesa. However, Karanesa does have a strict limit on stressed syllables: there cannot be an

New Karanesa is a (C)(S)V(S) language, where S is an sonorant. However, a syllable cannot have all three slots filled simultaneously; it can only fill two.

New Karanesa's diphthongs are /{{IPA|aj aw}}/ and any combination of /j/ + back vowel or /w/ + front vowel.

* Any phoneme followed by itself; if a conflict occurs, one is dropped for consonants. Vowel handling under this rule differs between dialects, though usually either they combine to a long vowel, or the latter vowel is given hard attack.

* Two consecutive consonants that differ only in voicing; if a conflict occurs, then the voiced vowel is kept unless the prior vowel is short (/i u ɛ ɔ a/) and unstressed, then the unvoiced consonant is kept.

* /{{IPA|ɲ}}/ is written as ny

* /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ is written as nh

* /{{IPA|ŋː}}/ is written as ng

* /{{IPA|ts}}/ is written as c

* /{{IPA|j}}/ is written as y in the onset (and in i-on-glide diphthongs) and i in the coda (in i-off-glide diphthongs)

* /{{IPA|w}}/ is written as w in the onset and u in the coda (in diphthongs)

New Karanesa's short vowels are /i u ɛ ɔ a/; these are written with <i u e o a> respectively. The long vowels /ej ow e o ɒː/ are written like their short vowel versions, but with an acute accent <í ú é ó á>. The schwa is written as <ä>.