Kundarayo: Difference between revisions
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* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, / | * Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wo/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur. | ||
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes | * Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes | ||
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!w- | !w- | ||
|wa | |wa | ||
|wʌ | |||
! | ! | ||
|(u) | |(u) | ||
|wi | |wi | ||
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!w- | !w- | ||
|와 | |와 | ||
|워 | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|위 | |위 | ||
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* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans. | * Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans. | ||
=== | == Grammar == | ||
=== Particles === | |||
Kundara uses a handful of particles or postpositions to mark important roles or relationships between words | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | !Particle | ||
! | !Use | ||
! | !Jap. Eq. | ||
!Used after | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |가 | ||
| | |Marks the topic | ||
| | |が | ||
|Nouns | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |가 | ||
| | |Marks a question | ||
| | |か | ||
|Verbs | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |워 | ||
| | |Marks the object | ||
| | |を | ||
| | |Nouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |두 | ||
| | |Genitive particle | ||
| | |の | ||
|Nouns | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |바 | ||
| | | rowspan="2" |Marks the subject | ||
| | | rowspan="2" |は | ||
|Nouns | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |느 | ||
| | |Nouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |니 | ||
| | |Marks position or direction | ||
| | |に、へ | ||
|Nouns | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |알 | ||
| | |Connects nominal adjectives | ||
| | |な | ||
| | |Adjectives | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |드 | ||
| | |Conects words together | ||
| | |で | ||
|Everything | |||
|} | |} | ||