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Sähsch: Difference between revisions

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The underlying phonemic symmetry is often broken by the dialects of the language, including the standard language. Several popular processes underway which cause this include:
The underlying phonemic symmetry is often broken by the dialects of the language, including the standard language. Several popular processes underway which cause this include:
* "Vowel Breaking" (diphthongisation)
* "Vowel Breaking" (diphthongisation)
* U-Fronting (/u:/ and new diphthongs containing /u/ have this element centralised to /ü/)
* U-Fronting / U-Ü Merger (/u:/ and new diphthongs containing /u/ have this element centralised to /ü/)
:* New diphthongs include /ou/ from /o:/, as opposed to the older /au/ from /u:/
* L-Vocalisation (sequences of a vowel followed by L result in a velarisation of the vowel)
* L-Vocalisation (sequences of a vowel followed by L result in a velarisation of the vowel)


In the standard dialect, the following broadly described phones are generally produced by the above-described underlying phonology:
In the Lowlands dialect<!--Previously the Modern Standard-->, the following broadly described phones in the table below are generally produced by the underlying phonology of the language. The split between realisations reveals the presence of sub-dialects within the Lowlands dialect. <!--I also think that below this I could have another cleaner set of realisations-->
 
The Highlands dialect is affected less by diphthongisation but has very consistent U-Fronting in /u:/ and has completed the /i:/ and /u:/ diphthongisation process, unlike the Lowlands dialect where speakers still have a very old split on the issue.
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'''Lowlands'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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| ä || [e̞ ~ ɛ]
| ä || [e̞ ~ ɛ]
|-
|-
| ä: || [e̞ɪ ~ ɛɪ]
| ä: || [e̞ɪ ~ ɛɪ] or [ɛ:]
|-
| å || [o̞ ~ ɒ]
|-
| å || [o̞:], or [o̞ü]<!--?-->
|-
|-
| e || [e̞ ~ ɛ]
| e || [e̞ ~ ɛ]
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| o || [o̞]
| o || [o̞]
|-
|-
| o: || [o̞ü], or [ɔʊ ~ u: ~ o̞:]
| o: || [o̞ü ~ ɔü], or [ɔʊ ~ u: ~ o̞:]
|-
| ö || [ə]
|-
| ö: || [ə:]
|-
| u || [u ~ ʊ ~ ü]
|-
| u: || [äʊ ~ äu] or [ʊ̈ü ~ ü: ~ u:]
|-
| ü || [ü ~ ʊ]
|-
| ü: || [ʊ̈ü ~ ü: ~ y:]
|}
 
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'''Highlands'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Underlying Phoneme !! Realisation
|-
| a || ɑ̈
|-
| a: || ɑ̈:
|-
| ä || [e̞ ~ ɛ]
|-
| ä: || [e̞:]
|-
| å || [o̞]
|-
| å || [o̞:]<!--?-->
|-
| e || [e̞ ~ ɛ]
|-
| e: || [e̞:]
|-
| i || [ɪ]
|-
| i: || [äɪ]
|-
| o || [o̞]
|-
| o: || [o̞:]
|-
| ö || [ə]
|-
| ö: || [ə:]
|-
| u || [u ~ ü]
|-
| u: || [äʊ]
|-
| ü || [ü ~ ʊ]
|-
|-
| ü: || [ü:~ y:]
|}
|}
{{col-end}}


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Sähsch uses stress to identify words rather than pitch or tone, which are instead used suprasegmentally in intonation (although stress can also be used for intonation too at the sentence level).
====Stress====
====Stress====
Stress is almost always on the first syllable of a root. Prefixes are generally unstressed except for emphasis. The main exception to this rule is where long vowels are involved, as they are almost always stressed (primary, secondary, tertiary etc). This resulted from unstressed long vowels first being eliminated, and then being repropagated throughout the language again with compounding and loanwords.
Romance and Latinate loanwords are renown for having final or penultimate stress in the language.
====Intonation====
====Intonation====
UNDER CONSTRUCTION


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
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===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Phonological History of Sähsch==
=== Vowel Mutations ===
Sähsch has historically undergone a large series of vowel mutations, called the i-, u-, and a-mutations or umlauts. Respectively they are characterised by the following effects they have on preceding vowels:
* i-umlaut: +front, -round, -open
* u-umlaut: -front, +round, -open
* a-umlaut: +open, +back (albeit subtle)
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'''I-Umlaut'''
* a+i → ä in Älbe < albī ''river''
* ā+i → äh in Käse < kāsijaz ''cheese''
* ē+i → äh in Bräde < brēþiz ''vapour, breath''
* ''also in'' Quäne < kwēniz ''lady''
<!--* o+i → ö-->
* ō+i → öh in Glöde < glōdiz ''glow''
* u+i → ü in Bühte/Bühte < buhtiz ''bight, bay, cove''
* ū+i → üh in Brüde < brūdiz ''bride''
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'''U-Umlaut'''
* a+u → å in Ånd < anudz ''duck''
* ''also in'' Åss < ansuz ''áss as in æsir''
* ''also in'' Dråhte/Dråchte ''vestments or burden''
* ''also in'' Hånd < handuz
* e+u → ö in Quöde < kweþuz ''belly''
* i+u → ü in Lüde < liþuz ''member''
* ''also in'' Früde < friþuz ''peace''
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'''A-Umlaut'''
* e+a → ä in Ärl<!--(e?)--> < erlaz ''earl''
* i+a → ä in Fäsch < fiskaz ''fish''
* ī+a → äh in Dähk < dīkaz ''dyke'' (but Deick)
* u+a → o in Bode < budô ''apostle''
* ū+a → oh in Hobe < hūbǭ ''hood'' (but Haub and Hohf)
{{col-end}}


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
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[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
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