Rokadong phonology: Difference between revisions

(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)

Line 133:

Rokadong is a (C)V(C) language for the most part, though the final C in a word may also be clusters of a stop followed by /{{IPA|ɾ}}/. Phonetically, stop-rhotic sequences are [{{IPA|Bɾə}}]], however. V can be a short vowel, a long vowel, or a diphthong. A more full description of Rokadong's syllable structure would be (C)(j)V(ː/C/SR), where C is a consonant, j is /{{IPA|j}}/, V is a vowel, and SR is a stop-rhotic sequence.

/{{IPA|h ʔ}}/ are in complementary distribution, with the former only ~~being~~ permissible in the onset of syllables, and the latter only ~~being~~ permissible in the coda of syllables, and only before consonants or at the end of words. Additionally, /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ merged with /{{IPA|n}}/ at the start of syllables, while the opposite occured with /{{IPA|ɲ}}/. Therefore, /{{IPA|ɲ ŋ}}/ are also in complementary distribution when not assimilated. However, note that a coda /ʔ ŋ/ is still kept in compound words, even when the next syllable doesn't have an onset, and vice versa for an onset /h ɲ/.

/{{IPA|h ʔ}}/ are in complementary distribution [[Dialects of Rokadong|in most dialects]], with the former only permissible in the onset of syllables, and the latter only permissible in the coda of syllables, and only before consonants or at the end of words, though some dialects only apply this to a small subset of the Rokadong dictionary. Additionally, /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ merged with /{{IPA|n}}/ at the start of syllables, while the opposite occured with /{{IPA|ɲ}}/. Therefore, /{{IPA|ɲ ŋ}}/ are also in complementary distribution when not assimilated. However, note that a coda /ʔ ŋ/ is still kept in compound words, even when the next syllable doesn't have an onset, and vice versa for an onset /h ɲ/.

Rokadong's diphthongs are /{{IPA|aj aw oj ja jo ju}}/. Only the latter three may appear with a syllable coda after them.

Line 142:

* Any phoneme followed by itself; if a conflict occurs, one is dropped for consonants. Vowel handling under this rule differs between dialects, though usually either they combine to a long vowel, or the latter vowel is given hard attack.

* Two consecutive consonants that differ only in voicing; if a conflict occurs, then usually, the voiced consonant is kept unless the prior vowel is short and unstressed, then the unvoiced consonant is kept.

* Two nasal consonants; if a conflict occurs, then one of the nasals is dropped; generally speaking, /{{IPA|m ɲ}}/ are more likely to be kept than /{{IPA|n ŋ}}/. This has resulted in some fossilized /ɲ/ formerly in the coda, such as ''{{term|tén}}'' sometimes turning into ''{{term|tényekó|tény}}''. However, in many dialects, the nasal that is kept is geminated. This is not necessarily phonemic, but may still be reflected in orthography, such as writing ''{{term|zanma}}'' as {{roka-text|ZmM}} rather than {{roka-text|ZnM}}.

* Two nasal consonants; if a conflict occurs, then one of the nasals is dropped; generally speaking, /{{IPA|m ɲ}}/ are more likely to be kept than /{{IPA|n ŋ}}/. This has resulted in some fossilized /ɲ/ formerly in the coda, such as ''{{term|tén}}'' sometimes turning into ''{{term|tényekó|tény}}''. However, in many dialects, the nasal that is kept is geminated. This is not necessarily phonemic, but may still be reflected in the preferred orthography of some dialects, such as writing ''{{term|zanma}}'' as {{roka-text|ZmM}} rather than {{roka-text|ZnM}}.

* The sequences /{{IPA|ji, wu, wo, uw, ow, uo, and ou}}/ are not allowed unless there is a syllabic break between them. If needed, the semivowel is dropped or becomes /{{IPA|v}}/.

[[Category:Rokadong]]

@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 Rokadong is a (C)V(C) language for the most part, though the final C in a word may also be clusters of a stop followed by /{{IPA|ɾ}}/. Phonetically, stop-rhotic sequences are [{{IPA|Bɾə}}]], however. V can be a short vowel, a long vowel, or a diphthong. A more full description of Rokadong's syllable structure would be (C)(j)V(ː/C/SR), where C is a consonant, j is /{{IPA|j}}/, V is a vowel, and SR is a stop-rhotic sequence.
-/{{IPA|h ʔ}}/ are in complementary distribution, with the former only being permissible in the onset of syllables, and the latter only being permissible in the coda of syllables, and only before consonants or at the end of words. Additionally, /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ merged with /{{IPA|n}}/ at the start of syllables, while the opposite occured with /{{IPA|ɲ}}/. Therefore, /{{IPA|ɲ ŋ}}/ are also in complementary distribution when not assimilated. However, note that a coda /ʔ ŋ/ is still kept in compound words, even when the next syllable doesn't have an onset, and vice versa for an onset /h ɲ/.
+/{{IPA|h ʔ}}/ are in complementary distribution [[Dialects of Rokadong|in most dialects]], with the former only permissible in the onset of syllables, and the latter only permissible in the coda of syllables, and only before consonants or at the end of words, though some dialects only apply this to a small subset of the Rokadong dictionary. Additionally, /{{IPA|ŋ}}/ merged with /{{IPA|n}}/ at the start of syllables, while the opposite occured with /{{IPA|ɲ}}/. Therefore, /{{IPA|ɲ ŋ}}/ are also in complementary distribution when not assimilated. However, note that a coda /ʔ ŋ/ is still kept in compound words, even when the next syllable doesn't have an onset, and vice versa for an onset /h ɲ/.
 Rokadong's diphthongs are /{{IPA|aj aw oj ja jo ju}}/. Only the latter three may appear with a syllable coda after them.
@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 * Any phoneme followed by itself; if a conflict occurs, one is dropped for consonants. Vowel handling under this rule differs between dialects, though usually either they combine to a long vowel, or the latter vowel is given hard attack.
 * Two consecutive consonants that differ only in voicing; if a conflict occurs, then usually, the voiced consonant is kept unless the prior vowel is short and unstressed, then the unvoiced consonant is kept.
-* Two nasal consonants; if a conflict occurs, then one of the nasals is dropped; generally speaking, /{{IPA|m ɲ}}/ are more likely to be kept than /{{IPA|n ŋ}}/. This has resulted in some fossilized /ɲ/ formerly in the coda, such as ''{{term|tén}}'' sometimes turning into ''{{term|tényekó|tény}}''. However, in many dialects, the nasal that is kept is geminated. This is not necessarily phonemic, but may still be reflected in orthography, such as writing ''{{term|zanma}}'' as {{roka-text|ZmM}} rather than {{roka-text|ZnM}}.
+* Two nasal consonants; if a conflict occurs, then one of the nasals is dropped; generally speaking, /{{IPA|m ɲ}}/ are more likely to be kept than /{{IPA|n ŋ}}/. This has resulted in some fossilized /ɲ/ formerly in the coda, such as ''{{term|tén}}'' sometimes turning into ''{{term|tényekó|tény}}''. However, in many dialects, the nasal that is kept is geminated. This is not necessarily phonemic, but may still be reflected in the preferred orthography of some dialects, such as writing ''{{term|zanma}}'' as {{roka-text|ZmM}} rather than {{roka-text|ZnM}}.
 * The sequences /{{IPA|ji, wu, wo, uw, ow, uo, and ou}}/ are not allowed unless there is a syllabic break between them. If needed, the semivowel is dropped or becomes /{{IPA|v}}/.
 [[Category:Rokadong]]