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| '''Thensarian''' (''thēṃsaraquhanquhus/-milacus'', gen. ''-quhanquhasus/-milacī'', Rencadian: ''Thengsornkhwong'') is a classical Ramanuric language and one of two superstrate languages of [[Rencadian]]. It originates from Tālsim. It is inspired by Latin, Sanskrit, and Ancient Greek, and it is a parody of fantasy languages inspired by Latin and Greek, such as High Valyrian. | | {{list subpages}} |
| | == Diachronics == |
| | === Consonants === |
| | * p' -> PEK mˁ |
| | * t' -> PEK tˁ |
| | * k' -> PEK q |
| | * PIr l -> PEK ć |
| | * PIr y/g/hiatus breaker -> PEK y |
| | * PIr k -> PEK ç |
| | * PIr ng, r -> lengthens preceding vowel if before C, PEK 0 otherwise |
| | * PIr s -> PEK χ |
| | * PIr b/w -> PEK β |
| | * PIr d -> ð (r in retroflexing environments) |
| | * final nasal -> {{ng}} |
| | * Non-final nasals stay put (n in PIr /rVn/ retroflexes) |
| | * p, t stay put (t in PIr /rVt/ retroflexes) |
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| Make into a Hellenized Latin gib ~ Greek gib ~ Sanskrit gib dialect continuum?
| | === Vowels === |
| * Θεισαραπάμφος (gen. Θεισαραπάμφοσος or Θεισαραπάμφεσος), Θεισαραμιλακός
| | PIr ă -> ə |
| * ''dhēṃsaragan{{cda}}ghah{{cdb}}/-milakah{{cdb}}''
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| Lots of reduplication, especially in verbs
| | urV, orV, arV -> orV, arV, erV -> oV aV eV |
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| Should sound whimsical or English magic spell-like
| | ira iro iru -> iwa iwo iwu |
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| {{angbr|ae ai ao au}} = /eː ai oː au/ | | Same-vowel weakening rule: e.g. PI sumur is treated as if it were sămur |
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| | == Family tree == |
| | * Erno-Kawenic |
| | ** [[Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] |
| | ** [[Verse:Mwail/Ernic languages|Ernic]] |
| | |
| | == Phonology == |
| | Proto-Erno-Kawenic is characterized by unusual sound changes from Proto-Irenesian. |
| | === Consonants === |
| | {| class="wikitable |
| | |- |
| | !rowspan=2| |
| | !colspan=2| Labial |
| | !rowspan=2| Denti-alveolar |
| | !rowspan=2| Retroflex |
| | !rowspan=2| Palatal |
| | !rowspan=2| Uvular |
| | |- |
| | !|plain |
| | !|pharyngealized |
| | |- |
| | !|Nasal |
| | || '''m''' /m/ || '''mˁ''' /mˁ/ || '''n''' /n̪/ || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || || |
| | |- |
| | !|Stop |
| | || '''p''' /p/ || '''pˁ''' /pˁ/ || '''t''' /t̪/ || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''ć''' /tɕ/ || '''q''' /q/ |
| | |- |
| | !|Fricative |
| | || || || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || '''ç''' /ç/ || '''x''' /χ/ |
| | |- |
| | !|Continuant |
| | || '''β''' /β/ || || '''δ''' /ð/ || '''r''' /ɻ/ || '''y''' /j/ || |
| | |} |
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| == Todo == | | === Vowels === |
| Sanskrit sandhi and compounding
| | Short i e a o u ə |
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| == Lexicon ==
| | Long ī ē ā ō ū |
| * chuschus, hummus
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| * bēl '10'
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| * Candiarhanchus - a philosopher (nod to Kandiaronk)
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| * Chalguxus, Xactagmiuṃ, Thaṃsujux, Naegmiuṃ, Cāmphangy, Lādiōgy
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| * jux, juquhis - fort
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| * Vannajux -> Wannayuk
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| * ēlantālum = to finish
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| * ganchus 'wide'
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| * crēsy 'happiness'
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| * vēchus 'star'
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| * mae = is
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| * Ylarmuscus ''a tyrannical king of the Rēncādum''
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| * imbrōr, imbrōnis 'nobility'
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| * aechum = mist
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| * pōsungy = ice cream
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| * ichylum = to ripen, to cook (trans)
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| * dallylum = to run
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| * bēvulum = to learn
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| * ōraculum 'to predict/prophesy'
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| * ''dāvanavisvāyākayaṃ'' in the Sanskrit-like dialect
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| * Hambānus ''a god''
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| * diṃsuṃ 'meal'
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| * Dylath → Dalāthiuṃ
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| * Ulthar → Vṛthāriuṃ
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| * Hlanith → Chlanithiuṃ
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| * Ilarnek → Ilarnēciuṃ
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| * Mnar → Imnāriuṃ
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| * Sarnath → Sarnathiuṃ
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| * Celephais → Cēlēphavīsiuṃ
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| * Kadath → Cadathiuṃ
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| * vṝcaluṃ = to abandon
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| * Pravynus Palanchius -> Praween Balang
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| * ''Margaery'' (female given name) -> Mornkhairee
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| * ''vṛpāluṃ'' = to slay
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| * ''vṛthāx'' = mind
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| * Names with syllabic r: Axṛcas, Phṛsus, Bṛxānas, Squṛnis, Bacṛnceps, Maccṛgitus, [[Nṛtrāṇya|Nṛtrāniā]], Ṛcquhēdā, [[Rttirri|Ṛttirry]], Vṝbā, Pētṛtry
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| * ''mṛdāluṃ'' (''vulgar'') 'to fuck'
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| * Manx (a name) → Rencadian -mong
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| * Marx (a surname or surname element meaning 'expert') → Rencadian -mak
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| ** Caralamarx (a surname) → Karalamak
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| ** Vr{{cdb}}pamarx, Vr{{cdb}}thācamarx
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| * Barthagangus (Phatthakhong) ''a surname''
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| * Barthanaculus -> Phatthanakul
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| * Bartharavancus -> Phattharawong
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| * Barthavidaeus -> Phatthawithai
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| * Barthavanxālus -> Phatthawongsarn
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| * ''Utrēmi-phasōlā'' = ''a religious text/mantra''
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| * ''ut-/ud-''
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| * ''quā-'' 're-, over-'
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| * ''ysus'' '1'
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| * ''quē'' '2'
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| * ''blāna'' '3'
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| * ''vanthēs'' '4'
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| * ''lythṛ'' '5'
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| * ''chaen'' '6'
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| * ''jēlan'' '7'
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| * ''xāman'' '8'
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| * ''vastaṃ'' '9'
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| * ''ōbās'' '10'
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| * ''bṝdā'' = hundred
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| * ''quacuṃquasit'' = however
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| * Xanāx ''a unisex name''
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| * Xanasvācā ''a name''
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| * Xatrēpus ''a name''
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| * Bandaeuṃ (Rencadian ''Phonthai'') = the capital of the Thensarian empire
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| * ''haothispēlluṃ'' = sorcery (from ''haothim'' 'ritual' + ''pēlluṃ'' 'fruit; output, implementation, work')
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| * ''spūbiao'' = facetiously
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| * ''spūbispēlluṃ'' = facetiousness (''spůbis'' 'mirth' + ''pēlluṃ'')
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| * ''hūbispūbiu1m'' = ''fake magic spell''
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| * ''baxaphus'' (<- gweķsobhos): borrowing
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| * ''rhaxū'' 'love'
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| * ''asiṃsymōs'' 'hate'
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| * ''cambar'' 'room'
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| * Kambarys (Rencadian ''Kamphareet'') ''a nobility-only name, meaning 'room-ful; memorialized'''
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| * ''gladys'' 'god'
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| * Durys (a name)
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| * Chalguxus ''a city''
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| * ''quēdratiṃ'' 'hour'
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| * ''arclys'' 'horse' (Lithuanian easter egg)
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| * Karys (a name)
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| ''Rhaxuvē/-xū hīn asiṃsymave/-mō ēlir quaquhanix'' 'We are speaking of love and hate'
| | Nasal iñ eñ añ oñ uñ əñ |
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| -ao for adverbs
| | Coloring effects |
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| == Phonology == | | == Grammar == |
| === Consonants ===
| | I have to have a solid idea of how nouns work in PEK; I'm probably gonna cliticize classifiers after nouns |
| * ''qu quh'' /k{{w}} k{{w}}{{h}}/
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| * ''g c/k ch'' /g k k{{h}}/
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| * ''d t th n'' /d t t{{h}} n/
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| * ''b p ph m'' /b p p{{asp}} m/
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| * ''j r rh l v s h'' /j r r{{v-}} l w s{{ret}} h/
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| * ''x'' = /ks{{ret}}/
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| === Vowels ===
| | So the classifier is almost a suffix, maybe fully a suffix by PEK |
| ''a ā i y u ū ē ō ae ao ṛ ṝ ṃ'' /ɐ a{{long}} ɪ i{{long}} ʊ u{{long}} e{{long}} o{{long}} ae ao r{{syll}} r{{syll}}ː (nasalization + length)/
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| == Orthography ==
| | That may affect the Ernish I have now, which I'm willing to accept. In that case Ernish should probably choose one form, probably the PEK genitive plural for most nouns. |
| Thensarian uses a variant of the Brahmi script.
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| Brahmi breathy letters are used for ph th ch quh; qu quh written as kv ghv; x uses the kS ligature; t th d n l s uses T DH D N L S.
| | Ensuring that Quququqquq genitives always end in a vowel is easy |
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| == Morphology ==
| | Genitive should be -some vowel + (ng) in PI |
| IE clone; I'm not gonna work too hard on making Thensarian grammar original, as the purpose of Thensarian is just to be a loan source for Rencadian.
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| Todo: research PIE ablaut
| | Some nouns, like proper nouns, family terms and body parts, shouldn't have classifiers |
| === Nouns ===
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| Usually, the nominative singular case markers are -us/-is/-us/-ys masc, -ā/-y/-ū fem, -uṃ/-iṃ/-uṃ/-yṃ neuter, -r/-ō collective. ''-rys'' is a suffix deriving names from ''-r'' nouns, reserved for the Thensarian nobility (sometimes ''-ry'' is used as a feminine counterpart of ''-rys'').
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| ''Jabṛvaciṃ vam{{cdb}}vṝpāx.'' = 'We shall slay the Jabberwocky.' | | === Classifiers === |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | !| PEK classifier || Domain || Etymology |
| | |- |
| | || sg. ''=nuć'', pl. ''=çe'' |
| | || generic inanimate |
| | |- |
| | || sg. ''=pće'', pl. ''=mut'' |
| | || inanimate (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || sg. ''=hoi'', pl. ''=au'' |
| | || human |
| | |- |
| | || sg. ''=qβe'', pl. ''=poyap'' |
| | || human (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || ''=upi'' |
| | || generic animal |
| | |- |
| | || ''=tiβo'' |
| | || livestock |
| | |- |
| | || ''=toyu'' |
| | || animate (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || ''=mˁō'' |
| | || animate (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || ''=pˁat'' |
| | || flat sheets |
| | |- |
| | || ''=əmço'' |
| | || flat sheets (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || ''=çeoñ'' |
| | || trees and bushes; streams, rivers |
| | |- |
| | || ''=uox'' |
| | || herbaceous plants |
| | |- |
| | || ''=epçi'' |
| | || any plant (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || ''=βuδ'' |
| | || flowers, bunches of fruit |
| | |- |
| | || ''=tia'' |
| | || paths, ways |
| | |- |
| | || ''=uhiç'' |
| | || long thin objects |
| | |- |
| | || ''=uyop'' |
| | || fruits, spheres |
| | |- |
| | || ''=tuć'' |
| | || circles, rings |
| | |- |
| | || ''=ex'' |
| | || buildings |
| | |- |
| | || ''=mˁəδañ'' |
| | || vehicles |
| | |- |
| | || ''=xəβuq'' |
| | || man-made things (pejorative) |
| | |- |
| | || ''=ćep'' |
| | || marks, like written characters, wounds, ... |
| | |- |
| | || ''=uñqe'' |
| | || important places and events |
| | |} |
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| === Adjectives === | | === Sandbox === |
| ''-ao'' forms adverbs | | PI urim 'rose apple' (bare) -> PEK oiŋ 'apple (is-a form); Apple (name form)' -> Ernish oi 'ibid.' |
| === Verbs ===
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| * Infinitive -lum: -alum, -ālum, -ylum, -ūlum, -y{{mac}}lum
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| * Personal endings: 1sg -r, 2sg -t, 3sg -m, 1pl.ex, -ivy, 1pl.in -x, 2pl -phas, 3pl -phiam
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| Verb stems mainly use reduplication and Sanskrit-style ablaut to mark tense.
| | PI urim uop -> PEK oiŋ=uyop 'the apple' -> Ernish oinguzop 'apple (singular)' |
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| === Reduplication sandbox ===
| | PI **urim bawăd -> PEK oiŋ bawəd -> oimbaud 'apples (plural)' |
| (Grassmann's law operates on reduplicants.)
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| ==== Inflectional ====
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| * Ca- reduplicant for the progressive aspect | |
| :: ''quhanix'' 'we speak'; ''quaquhanix'' 'we are speaking'
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| * CalaC- reduplicant for the past tense | |
| :: ''qualaquhanix'' 'we spoke'
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| * CanC- reduplicant for the irrealis
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| :: ''quanquhānix'' 'we shall speak; let us speak'
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| ==== Derivational ====
| | PI tiroŋ 'head' -> PEK tiwo: -> Ernish tiwo |
| * ''quhan-alum'' = to speak -> ''quhan<quh>us'' (s-stem neuter) = speech
| | (body parts don't take classifiers) |