Dogrish: Difference between revisions

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| colspan="2" | ''penn'' [pen:] "pen" || ''lópt'' [lou̯ft] "walks" || colspan="2" | N/A

|}

A special case of alternation are the collective nouns which are formed using the circumfix e-[root]-t, where, if the final phoneme of the root word is an elongated non-nasal consonant or a consonant cluster, the entire final consonant cluster becomes a ''stófð'':

: ''efjællt'' [əˈfjæ:ˀ], "mountain range"

: ''efuglt'' [ə̯ˈfu:ˀ], "poultry, birds"

but

: ''ebejnt'' [əˈbai̯nt], "skeleton, bones".

===Vowels===

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====Stress====

Dogrish stress is phonemic in nature and not always easily predictable. Nevertheless, some general rules exist.

# Stress never falls on an affix, nor does it fall on the final syllable of a regular verb in any of its conjugated iterations:

## ''umöglig'' [uˈmø:li], "impossible"

## ''kyrkelös'' [ˈky:kəløs], "churchless"

# Stress never falls on a syllable following a ''stófð''; if, within a sentence, the first syllable of a word is stressed but follows a ''stófð'' in the previous word, a devoiced schwa is interfixed:

## ''han skyljet ikke'' [ˈhɑn ˌskyljˀɯ̥.ˈiˀə], "he will not".

# Stress always falls on the pitch accent if a word has one.

====Stófð====

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| Mir || Þir || Sir || Hirr || Þir || Ór || Yr || Þeir || Þeir || Þeir

|-

! ~~locative~~="2" | Locative

! colspan="2" | Locative

| Minnt || Þinnt || Sinnt || Hinnt || Þiritt || Ónnt || Ynnt || Þeinnt || Þeinnt || Þeinnt

|}

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===Verbs===

Dogrish verbs are conjugated according to tense, mood, number and person.

Verbs are conjugated according to three tenses: the present, the past, and the future. They are also conjugated according to four moods: the indicative, the imperative, the conditional and the subjunctive.

Verbs always end in '''-a''', '''-ja''', '''-er''', '''-å''' or '''-á'''.

Dogrish verbs are divided into strong verbs, which follow irregular conjugation patterns and are subjected to umlaut, and weak verbs, which follow a regular conjugation pattern. Verbs ending in '''-å''' form a special case: in the present tense they follow the regular conjugation pattern of a weak verb, but in the past tense each '''-å''' verb follows a different irregular conjugation.

====Strong verbs====

====Weak verbs====

=====Present tense=====

======Indicative======

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

! width="100px" | Number || colspan=3| Singular || colspan=3| Plural

|-

! Person

|-

! -a verbs tala ''to talk''

| tale ''talk'' || talað ''talk'' || tlet ''talks'' || colspan="3" | talar ''talk''

|-

! -ja verbs segja ''to say''

| segje ''say'' || segjið ''say'' || segt ''says'' || segjun ''say'' || colspan="2" | segjar ''say''

|-

! -er verbs lærer ''to learn''

| lære ''learn'' || læreð ''learn'' || læret ''learns'' || lærun ''learn'' || colspan="2" | lærer ''learn''

|-

! -å verbs gå ''to go''

| gå ''go'' || gått ''go'' || gået ''goes'' || colspan="3" | gåer ''go''

|-

! -á verbs þvá ''to wash''

| þvå ''wash'' || þvað ''wash'' || þvået ''washes'' || þvön ''wash'' || þvið ''wash'' || þva ''wash''

|}

=====Past tense=====

======Indicative======

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

! width="100px" | Number || colspan=3| Singular || colspan=3| Plural

|-

! Person

|-

! -a verbs tala ''to talk''

| talade ''talked'' || taladað ''talked'' || talade ''talked'' || colspan="3" | talarad ''talked''

|-

! -ja verbs segja ''to say''

| segjade ''said'' || segjað ''said'' || segte ''said'' || segten ''said'' || colspan="2" | segter ''said''

|-

! -er verbs lærer ''to learn''

| lærade ''learnt'' || læraðe ''learnt'' || lærde ''learnt'' || lærten ''learnt'' || colspan="2" | lærter ''learnt''

|-

! -á verbs þvá ''to wash''

| þvu ''washed'' || þvuað ''washed'' || þvytt ''washed'' || þvönntun ''washed'' || þvejeð ''washed'' || þvánn ''washed''

|}

===Adverbs===

@@ Line 250: / Line 250: @@
 | colspan="2" | ''penn'' [pen:]<br>"pen" || ''lópt'' [lou̯ft]<br>"walks" || colspan="2" | N/A
 |}
+A special case of alternation are the collective nouns which are formed using the circumfix e-[root]-t, where, if the final phoneme of the root word is an elongated non-nasal consonant or a consonant cluster, the entire final consonant cluster becomes a ''stófð'':
+: ''efjællt'' [əˈfjæ:ˀ], "mountain range"
+: ''efuglt'' [ə̯ˈfu:ˀ], "poultry, birds"
+but
+: ''ebejnt'' [əˈbai̯nt], "skeleton, bones".
 ===Vowels===
@@ Line 273: / Line 282: @@
 ====Stress====
+Dogrish stress is phonemic in nature and not always easily predictable. Nevertheless, some general rules exist.
+# Stress never falls on an affix, nor does it fall on the final syllable of a regular verb in any of its conjugated iterations:
+## ''umöglig'' [uˈmø:li], "impossible"
+## ''kyrkelös'' [ˈky:kəløs], "churchless"
+# Stress never falls on a syllable following a ''stófð''; if, within a sentence, the first syllable of a word is stressed but follows a ''stófð'' in the previous word, a devoiced schwa is interfixed:
+## ''han skyljet ikke'' [ˈhɑn ˌskyljˀɯ̥.ˈiˀə], "he will not".
+# Stress always falls on the pitch accent if a word has one.
 ====Stófð====
@@ Line 555: / Line 572: @@
 | Mir || Þir || Sir || Hirr || Þir || Ór || Yr || Þeir || Þeir || Þeir
 |-
-! locative="2" | Locative
+! colspan="2" | Locative
 | Minnt || Þinnt || Sinnt || Hinnt || Þiritt || Ónnt || Ynnt || Þeinnt || Þeinnt || Þeinnt
 |}
@@ Line 654: / Line 671: @@
 ===Verbs===
+Dogrish verbs are conjugated according to tense, mood, number and person.
+Verbs are conjugated according to three tenses: the present, the past, and the future. They are also conjugated according to four moods: the indicative, the imperative, the conditional and the subjunctive.
+Verbs always end in '''-a''', '''-ja''', '''-er''', '''-å''' or '''-á'''.
+Dogrish verbs are divided into strong verbs, which follow irregular conjugation patterns and are subjected to umlaut, and weak verbs, which follow a regular conjugation pattern. Verbs ending in '''-å''' form a special case: in the present tense they follow the regular conjugation pattern of a weak verb, but in the past tense each '''-å''' verb follows a different irregular conjugation.
+====Strong verbs====
+====Weak verbs====
+=====Present tense=====
+======Indicative======
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
+! width="100px" | Number || colspan=3| Singular || colspan=3| Plural
+|-
+! Person
+! width="100px" | Jag<br>''I'' !! width="100px" | Þu<br>''you (sing.)'' !! width="100px" | Han/Hun/Það<br>''he/she/it'' !! width="100px" | Ví<br>''we'' !! width="100px"| Þí<br>''you (pl.)'' !! width="100px" | Þeir/Þár/Þyr<br>''they''
+|-
+! -a verbs<br>tala<br>''to talk''
+| tale<br>''talk'' || talað<br>''talk'' || tlet<br>''talks'' || colspan="3" | talar<br>''talk''
+|-
+! -ja verbs<br>segja<br>''to say''
+| segje<br>''say'' || segjið<br>''say'' || segt<br>''says'' || segjun<br>''say'' || colspan="2" | segjar<br>''say''
+|-
+! -er verbs<br>lærer<br>''to learn''
+| lære<br>''learn'' || læreð<br>''learn'' || læret<br>''learns'' || lærun<br>''learn'' || colspan="2" | lærer<br>''learn''
+|-
+! -å verbs<br>gå<br>''to go''
+| gå<br>''go'' || gått<br>''go'' || gået<br>''goes'' || colspan="3" | gåer<br>''go''
+|-
+! -á verbs<br>þvá<br>''to wash''
+| þvå<br>''wash'' || þvað<br>''wash'' || þvået<br>''washes'' || þvön<br>''wash'' || þvið<br>''wash'' || þva<br>''wash''
+|}
+=====Past tense=====
+======Indicative======
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
+! width="100px" | Number || colspan=3| Singular || colspan=3| Plural
+|-
+! Person
+! width="100px" | Jag<br>''I'' !! width="100px" | Þu<br>''you (sing.)'' !! width="100px" | Han/Hun/Það<br>''he/she/it'' !! width="100px" | Ví<br>''we'' !! width="100px"| Þí<br>''you (pl.)'' !! width="100px" | Þeir/Þár/Þyr<br>''they''
+|-
+! -a verbs<br>tala<br>''to talk''
+| talade<br>''talked'' || taladað<br>''talked'' || talade<br>''talked'' || colspan="3" | talarad<br>''talked''
+|-
+! -ja verbs<br>segja<br>''to say''
+| segjade<br>''said'' || segjað<br>''said'' || segte<br>''said'' || segten<br>''said'' || colspan="2" | segter<br>''said''
+|-
+! -er verbs<br>lærer<br>''to learn''
+| lærade<br>''learnt'' || læraðe<br>''learnt'' || lærde<br>''learnt'' || lærten<br>''learnt'' || colspan="2" | lærter<br>''learnt''
+|-
+! -á verbs<br>þvá<br>''to wash''
+| þvu<br>''washed'' || þvuað<br>''washed'' || þvytt<br>''washed'' || þvönntun<br>''washed'' || þvejeð<br>''washed'' || þvánn<br>''washed''
+|}
 ===Adverbs===
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