Hemaluan: Difference between revisions
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==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Hemaluan is written with Kanji and Katakana. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Kana | |||
|- | |||
! ア !! イ !! ウ !! エ !! オ !! ン !! ー !! ヽ !! 〱 !! 々 | |||
|- | |||
| /a/ || /i,j/ || /u,ɨ,wɨ/ || /e,je/ || /o,ə/ || /n,ŋ/ || /Vː/ || infix marker || partial redup. || full redup. | |||
|- | |||
! カ !! キ !! ク !! ケ !! コ !! ガ !! ギ !! グ !! ゲ !! ゴ | |||
|- | |||
| /ka/ || /ki/ || /ku,kɨ,k/ || /ke/ || /ko,kə/ || /ga/ || /gi/ || /gu,gɨ,g/ || /ge/ || /go,gə/ | |||
|- | |||
! サ !! シ !! ス !! セ !! ソ !! シャ !! !! シュ !! シェ !! ショ | |||
|- | |||
| /sa/ || /si,ʃi,ʃ/ || /su,sɨ,s/ || /se/ || /so,sə/ || /ʃa/ || || /ʃu,ʃɨ/ || /ʃe/ || /ʃo,ʃə/ | |||
|- | |||
! タ !! チ !! ツ !! テ !! ト !! ダ !! ジ !! ズ !! デ !! ド | |||
|- | |||
| /ta/ || /ti,t͡ʃi/ || /tu,tɨ,t/ || /te/ || /to,tə/ || /da/ || /di,d͡ʒi,d͡ʒ/ || /du,dɨ,d/ || /de/ || /do,də/ | |||
|- | |||
! チャ !! !! チュ !! チェ !! チョ !! ジャ !! !! ジュ !! ジェ !! ジョ | |||
|- | |||
| /t͡ʃa/ || || /t͡ʃu,t͡ʃɨ,t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃe/ || /t͡ʃo,t͡ʃə/ || /d͡ʒa/ || || /d͡ʒu,d͡ʒɨ/ || /d͡ʒe/ || /d͡ʒo,d͡ʒə/ | |||
|- | |||
! ナ !! ニ !! ヌ !! ネ !! ノ !! ニャ !! !! ニュ !! ニェ !! ニョ | |||
|- | |||
| /na/ || /ni,ɲi/ || /nu,nɨ/ || /ne/ || /no,nə/ || /ɲa/ || || /ɲu,ɲɨ/ || /ɲe/ || /ɲo/ | |||
|- | |||
! ハ !! ヒ !! フ !! ヘ !! ホ !! マ !! ミ !! ム !! メ !! モ | |||
|- | |||
| /ha/ || /hi/ || /hu,hɨ,h/ || /he/ || /ho,hə/ || /ma/ || /mi/ || /mu,mɨ,m/ || /me/ || /mo,mə/ | |||
|- | |||
! バ !! ビ !! ブ !! ベ !! ボ | |||
|- | |||
| /ba/ || /bi/ || /bu,bɨ,b/ || /be/ || /bo,bə/ | |||
|- | |||
! ヤ !! !! ユ !! !! ヨ !! ワ !! ヰ !! !! ヱ !! ヲ | |||
|- | |||
| /ja/ || || /ju,jɨ/ || || /jo,jə/ || /wa/ || /wi/ || || /we/ || /wo,wə/ | |||
|- | |||
! ラ !! リ !! ル !! レ !! ロ !! カ゚ !! キ゚ !! ク゚ !! ケ゚ !! レ゚ | |||
|- | |||
| /ra/ || /ri/ || /ru,rɨ,r/ || /re/ || /ro,rə/ || /ŋa/ || /ŋi/ || /ŋu,ŋɨ/ || /ŋe/ || /ŋo,ŋə/ | |||
|} | |||
*⟨ヽ⟩ is only used when the infixee is written with Kanji. | |||
And is romanized as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! A a !! Ā ā !! B b !! Ch ch !! D d !! E e !! Ē ē !! Ë ë | |||
|- | |||
| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /d/ || /e/ || /eː/ || /ə/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ê ê !! G g !! H h !! I i !! Ī ī !! Ï ï !! Î î !! J j | |||
|- | |||
| /əː/ || /g/ || /h/ || /i/ || /iː/ || /ɨ/ || /ɨː/ || /d͡ʒ/ | |||
|- | |||
! K k !! L l !! M m !! N n !! Ng ng !! Ny ny !! O o !! Ō ō | |||
|- | |||
| /k/ || [l] || /m/ || /n/ || /ŋ/ || /ɲ/ || /o/ || /oː/ | |||
|- | |||
! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! Ū ū !! W w !! Y y | |||
|- | |||
| /r/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /u/ || /uː/ || /w/ || /j/ | |||
|} | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || colspan="2" | ([[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]) || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]] | |||
|} | |||
*/n/ is realized as [l] intervocalically. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː || [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ɨː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] eː || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] əː || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] oː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| || [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] aː | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Words bear final stress. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Hemaluan maximal syllables are CVC. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[https://cals.info/language/hemaluan/ CALS] | *[https://cals.info/language/hemaluan/ CALS] | ||
*[[Hemaluan/Swadesh]] | |||
[[Category:Hemaluan language]] | [[Category:Hemaluan language]] | ||