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{{construction}}
{{construction}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image            = Oltic coat of arms.jpg
|name              = Oltic
|name              = Oltic
|nativename        = Λῦτικη, Литике
|nativename        = Λῦτικη, Литике
|pronunciation    = lîtike
|pronunciation    = ɫîtike
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Oltic
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Oltic
|setting          = Olt County, Romania; Pleven Province, Bulgaria
|setting          = Olt County, Romania; Pleven Province, Bulgaria
Line 10: Line 11:
|fam2              = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|fam2              = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|ancestor        = [[Old Oltic]], [[Middle Oltic]]
|ancestor        = [[Old Oltic]]
|ancestor2        = [[Middle Oltic]]
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|script1            = Grek
|script1            = Grek
Line 17: Line 19:
}}
}}


'''Oltic''' /ˈɔʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[lîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the rivers Olt and Danube.
'''Oltic''' /ˈoʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[ɫîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Both ''Λῦτικη'' and ''Oltic'' are derived from the river Olt, in Ancient Greek (''Ἄλυτος'', through Old Oltic ''αλυτικη'', Middle ''λυτικη'') and English respectively.
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Oltic is written with the Greek and Cyrillic scripts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Hellenic orthography
! Α α !! Αι αι !! Β β !! Γ γ !! Γγ γγ !! Γλ γλ !! Γν γν !! Γρ γρ
|-
| /a/ || /ɛ/ || /v/ || /ɣ,j/ || /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ʎ/ || /ɲ/ || /ʑ/
|-
! Γϝ γϝ !! Δ δ !! Ε ε !! Ει ει !! Ζ ζ !! Η η !! Θ θ !! Ι ι
|-
| /ᵑgʷ,ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /ð/ || /e/ || /e/ || /z/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /i,j,ɲ,∅/
|-
! Κ κ !! Γκ γκ !! Λ λ !! Μ μ !! Μβ μβ !! Μπ μπ !! Ν ν !! Νδ νδ
|-
| /k,t͡ɕ/ || /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /l,ʎ/ || /m/ || /ᵐb/ || /ᵐb/ || /n,ɲ/ || /ⁿd/
|-
! Ντ ντ !! Ξ ξ !! Ο ο !! Οι οι !! Ου ου !! Π π !! Ρ ρ !! Σ σ/ς
|-
| /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /e/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/
|-
! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ
|-
| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/
|-
! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=2 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ
|-
| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=2 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Cyrillic orthography
! А а !! В в !! Г г !! Гв гв !! Д д !! Ђ ђ !! Ђв ђв !! Е е !! Ж ж
|-
| /a/ || /v/ || /ɣ/ || /ɣʷ/ || /ð/ || /ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /e/ || /ʑ/
|-
! З з !! И и !! Ј ј !! Јв јв !! К к !! Л л !! Љ љ !! М м !! Мб мб
|-
| /z/ || /i/ || /j/ || /ɥ/ || /k/ || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /m/ || /ᵐb/
|-
! Нв нв !! Нг нг !! Нд нд !! Н н !! Њ њ !! О о !! П п !! Р р !! С с
|-
| /ᵑgʷ/ || /ᵑg/ || /ⁿd/ || /n/ || /ɲ/ || /o̞/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/
|-
! Т т !! Ћ ћ !! У у !! Ф ф !! Х х !! Ш ш !! Ѣ ѣ
|-
| /t/ || /t͡ɕ/ || /u/ || /f/ || /x/ || /ɕ/ || /ɛ/
|}
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|ᵐb]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|ⁿd]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal affricate|ⁿd͡ʑ]] ⁿd͡ʑʷ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiceg velar stop|ᵑg]] ᵑgʷ
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal fricative|ʑ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ɣʷ
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] [[w:Voiced labial–palatal approximant|ɥ]] [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|-
! [[w:Trill|Trill]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
|}
*/l/ is in free variation with [ɫ].
*/r/ is in free variation with [ɾ].
*Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants.
*/s,z/ before alveopalatal consonants are variably realized as [ɕ,ʑ].
**/sj,zj/ are variably realized as [sj,zj], [ɕj,ʑj], or [ɕ,ʑ].
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o̞]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan=2 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]
|}
*/a/ is most often realized as [ɐ].
*/i,u/ may be devoiced or elided after voiceless consonants.
*/ɛ/ merges into /e/ after velar consonants.
===Pitch accent===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones
|-
! High !! Falling !! Rising
|-
| ˥ || ˥˩ || ˩˥
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Stress is variable but in native words is word-initial or root-initial.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Oltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Alignment===
Oltic has nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Nouns inflect for case and number, and are gendered masculine, feminine, or neuter.
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>o-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ε
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ον || -ους
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ι || -ον
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| neuter<br>o-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ι || -ον
|}
|}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>ē-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ην
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ης || -ον
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| neuter<br>ē-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ης
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -η
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ην
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ης || -ον
|}
|}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>i-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιν
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -εις || -ιον
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| neuter<br>i-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -εις || -ιον
|}
|}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| r-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| rowspan="2"| -ιρας || rowspan="2"| -ιρες
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιραν || -ιρης
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ιρος || -ιρον
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| s-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ος || -εσες
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ες || -ες
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -εσαν || -εσης
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -εσος || -εσον
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| consonant-stem
|-
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| rowspan="2"| -ς/ξ || rowspan="2"| -ες
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -αν || -ης
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ος || -ον
|}
|}
Final consonants in nominative singular consonant-stem nouns reduce as follows.
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! δ, ζ, θ, σ, τ
! rowspan="3"| -ς
| -ς
|-
! β, γ, κ, ξ, π, φ, χ, ψ, ϝ
| -ξ
|-
! λ, μ, ν, ρ
| -{λ/ν/ν/ρ}ς
|}
====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
Unlike nouns, pronouns do not inflect.
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="2"| !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|REFL}} !! {{gcl|RECP}}
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|1}}
| μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|2}}
| τού || ζίς || τωύ || ζὲσρος || ζεῖτ || τούζε
|-
! rowspan="3"| {{gcl|3}}
! {{gcl|M}}
| ές || εῖς || colspan="2"| ζῶ || ζεῖς || rowspan="3"| σεῖ
|-
! {{gcl|F}}
| σί || σῖ || colspan="2"| ζῆς || ζὲς
|-
! {{gcl|N}}
| έδ || εῖδ || colspan="2"| ζῶν || ζεῖδ
|-
! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|Q}}/{{gcl|REL}}
! {{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|F}}
| colspan="2"| πεῖς || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="4" rowspan="5"|
|-
! {{gcl|N}}
| colspan="2"| πίδ
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|INDEF}}
| colspan="2"| πέ
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|NEG}}
| colspan="2"| νέπε
|}
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice (though some verbs are deponent), and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense.
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -ου || -εσι || -ετι || -ομου || -ετε || -οντι || -οντος || -ϝος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -του || -τες || -τ || -τομου || -τετε || -τον || -ομνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ενεν || -ιτου || -ε || -εμες || -ετες || -εντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ην || -ησι || -ητι || -ημες || -ητε || -ηντι
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ητεν || -ητεσι || -ητετι || -ητεμες || -ητετε || -ητεντι
|-
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -ου || -ετα || -ετο || -ομο || -εϝε || -οντο || -ετιος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -το || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -τουνς || -τος || rowspan="2"| -τουος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ετει || -εντις || -ζος
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -η || -ητα || -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ητε || -ητετα || -ητετο || -ητεμο || -ητεϝε || -ητεντο
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ετις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}
| -ετα || -εϝε
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -α || -ασι || -ατι || -ομου || -ατε || -οντι || -οντος || -ϝος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -του || -τες || -τ || -τομου || -τετε || -τον || -ομνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ανεν || -ιτου || -α || -αμες || -ατες || -αντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ην || -ησι || -ητι || -ημες || -ητε || -ηντι
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ητεν || -ητεσι || -ητετι || -ητεμες || -ητετε || -ητεντι
|-
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -ου || -ατα || -ατο || -ομο || -αϝε || -οντο || -ατιος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -το || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -τουνς || -τος || rowspan="2"| -τουος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ατει || -αντις || -ζος
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -η || -ητα || -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ητε || -ητετα || -ητετο || -ητεμο || -ητεϝε || -ητεντο
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ατις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}
| -ατα || -αϝε
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -η || -ησι || -ητι || -ημου || -ητε || -ηντι || -ηντος || -ηϝος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ησσου || colspan="2" | -ησσι || -ησσομου || -ησσετε || -ησσον || -ημνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ηνεν || -ητου || -η || -ημες || -ητες || -ηντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ιζημι || -ιζησι || -ιζητι || -ιζημος || -ιζητε || -ιζηντι
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ιζητεμι || -ιζητεσι || -ιζητετι || -ιζητεμος || -ιζητετε || -ιζητεντι
|-
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -η || -ητα || rowspan="2" | -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || -ητιος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ητουνς || -ητος || rowspan="2"| -ητουος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ητει || -ηντις || -ηζος
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ιζη || -ιζητα || -ιζητο || -ιζημο || -ιζηϝε || -ιζηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ιζητε || -ιζητετα || -ιζητετο || -ιζητεμο || -ιζητεϝε || -ιζητεντο
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"| || -η || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ητις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}
| -ητρις || -ηϝε
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -ι || -ισι || -ιτι || -ιμου || -ιτε || -ιντι || -ιντος || -ιϝος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ισσου || colspan="2" | -ισσι || -ισσομου || -ισσετε || -ισσον || -ιμνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ινεν || -ιτου || -ι || -ιμες || -ιτες || -ιντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ιζιμι || -ιζισι || -ιζιτι || -ιζιμος || -ιζιτε || -ιζιντι
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ιζιτεμι || -ιζιτεσι || -ιζιτετι || -ιζιτεμος || -ιζιτετε || -ιζιτεντι
|-
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}
! {{gcl|PRES}}
| -ι || -ιτα || rowspan="2" | -ιτο || -ιμο || -ιϝε || -ιντο || -ιτιος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ιτουνς || -ιτος || rowspan="2"| -ιτουος
|-
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ιτει || -ιντις || -ιζος
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}
| -ιζι || -ιζιτα || -ιζιτο || -ιζιμο || -ιζιϝε || -ιζιντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|
|-
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}
| -ιζιτε || -ιζιτετα || -ιζιτετο || -ιζιτεμο || -ιζιτεϝε || -ιζιτεντο
|-
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ιτις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}
| -ιτρις || -ιϝε
|}
*Participles are o-stem adjectives, but when used adverbially may have no suffix.
*Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''.
*Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns.
Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in ''-τ-'' forms and ''-ζος'', most often loss of stem-final ''ι-'', "shortening" of the previous vowel (''η, ει, ωυ'' becoming ''α, ε, ο'' and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ''ζ-'' becoming a different consonant.
====Copula====
The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative.
{{lyti-table-cop}}
===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Adjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, gender, and definiteness. They may also be marked as comparative or superlative.
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="9"| o-stem
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! rowspan="8" |
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι || rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ε
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ον || -ους || -ην
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ι || -ον || -ης || -ον || -ι || -ον
|-
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -οσες || rowspan="2"| -οις || rowspan="2"| -ησι || rowspan="3"| -ησσι || rowspan="3"| -ονεδ || rowspan="3"| -ηδ
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ες
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ονες || -ουσες || -ηνσι
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ις || -ονες || -ησσι || -ονσι || -ιδ || -ονεδ
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! rowspan="8" | {{gcl|COMP}}
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ιος || rowspan="2"| -ιοι || rowspan="2"| -ιη || rowspan="3"| -ιης || rowspan="3"| -ιον || rowspan="3"| -ιη
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ιε
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιον || -ιους || -ιην
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ιι || -ιον || -ιης || -ιον || -ιι || -ιον
|-
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ιοσες || rowspan="2"| -ιοις || rowspan="2"| -ιησι || rowspan="3"| -ιησσι || rowspan="3"| -ιονεδ || rowspan="3"| -ιηδ
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ιες
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιονες || -ιουσες || -ιηνσι
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ιις || -ιονες || -ιησσι || -ιονσι || -ιιδ || -ιονεδ
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! rowspan="8" | {{gcl|SUP}}
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -αμος || rowspan="2"| -αμοι || rowspan="2"| -αμη || rowspan="3"| -αμης || rowspan="3"| -αμον || rowspan="3"| -αμη
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -αμε
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -αμον || -αμους || -αμην
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -αμι || -αμον || -αμης || -αμον || -αμι || -αμον
|-
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -αμοσες || rowspan="2"| -αμοις || rowspan="2"| -αμησι || rowspan="3"| -αμησσι || rowspan="3"| -αμονεδ || rowspan="3"| -αμηδ
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -αμες
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -αμονες || -αμουσες || -αμηνσι
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -αμις || -αμονες || -αμησσι || -αμονσι || -αμιδ || -αμονεδ
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="9"| i-stem
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! rowspan="8" |
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις || -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ι || -ι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιν || -ιν
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -εις || -ιον || -εις || -ιον || -εις || -ιον
|-
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ισες || rowspan="3"| -ισες || -ισσι || rowspan="3"| -ισσι || rowspan="3"| -ιδ || rowspan="3"| -ιηδ
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ις || -ισι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ινες || -ινσι
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -εισες || -ιονες || -εισσι || -ιονσι || -εισεδ || -ιονεδ
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! rowspan="8" | {{gcl|COMP}}
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ιις || rowspan="3"| -ιις || -ιις || rowspan="3"| -ιις || rowspan="3"| -ιι || rowspan="3"| -ιη
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ιι || -ιι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιιν || -ιιν
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ιεις || -ιον || -ιεις || -ιον || -ιεις || -ιον
|-
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -ιισες || rowspan="3"| -ιισες || -ιισσι || rowspan="3"| -ιισσι || rowspan="3"| -ιιδ || rowspan="3"| -ιηδ
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -ιις || -ιισι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -ιινες || -ιινσι
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -ιεισες || -ιονες || -ιεισσι || -ιονσι || -ιεισεδ || -ιονεδ
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! rowspan="8" | {{gcl|SUP}}
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -αμις || rowspan="3"| -αμις || -αμις || rowspan="3"| -αμις || rowspan="3"| -αμι || rowspan="3"| -αμιη
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -αμι || -αμι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -αμιν || -αμιν
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -αμεις || -αμιον || -αμεις || -αμιον || -αμεις || -αμιον
|-
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| -αμισες || rowspan="3"| -αμισες || -αμισσι || rowspan="3"| -αμισσι || rowspan="3"| -αμιδ || rowspan="3"| -αμιηδ
|-
! {{gcl|VOC}}
| -αμις || -αμισι
|-
! {{gcl|ACC}}
| -αμινες || -αμινσι
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| -αμεισες || -αμιονες || -αμεισσι || -αμιονσι || -αμεισεδ || -αμιονεδ
|}
*Superlative -α- is dropped after vowel-final stems.
===Negation===
===Negation===
Noun, adjective, and adverb negation is marked with a preclitic ''νε''. A prefix ''αν-'' is also often used to negate adjectives and adverbs, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech.
Verb negation is marked with a preceding negative copula; the negated verb is variably marked as if not negated or as a participle modifying the negative copula.
===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Oltic uses base-10 numerals.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Numerals
|-
! !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! Cardinal
| άνος || οίνος || ϝαύ ({{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|N}})<br>ϝῖ ({{gcl|F}}) || τρῖς ({{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|N}})<br>τίρες ({{gcl|F}}) || πεὺρες ({{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|N}})<br>πὲτρες ({{gcl|F}}) || πέμπε || ζέξ || σέχταν || ῶχτου || γϝᾶν || δέκαν
|-
! Ordinal
| άντος || κέντος || ῆλος || τρίτιος || πεὺριος || πέμπετος || ζέχτος || σέχταντος || ῶχταντος || νὰντος || δὲκαντος
|-
! !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 !! 17 !! 18 !! 19 !! 20 !! 21
|-
! Cardinal
| δέκοινος || δέκϝαυ || δέκτρις || δέπευρες || δέπεμπε || δέξεξ || δέξεχταν || δέκοχτου || δέγϝαν || ϝῖκαντι || ϝῖκαντι άπε οίνος
|-
! Ordinal
| δὲκοινοντος || δὲκϝαντος || δὲκτριντος || δὲπευριος || δὲπεμπετος || δὲξεχτος || δὲξεχταντος || δὲκοχταντος || δὲγκαντος || ϝὶκαντος || ϝῖκαντι άπε κέντος
|-
! !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90 !! 100 !! 200 !! 1,000 !! 1,000,000
|-
! Cardinal
| τρῖκον || πέγρακον || πέμπεκον || ζέξκον || σέχταγκον || ῶχτηκον || γϝᾶγκον || κάντον || ϝαύκαντον || χιλιάς || μιλιόν
|-
! Ordinal
| τρῖκοντος || πέγρακοντος || πέμπεκοντος || ζέξκοντος || σέχταγκοντος || ῶχτηκοντος || γϝᾶγκοντος || κὰντοντος || ϝαύκαντοντος || χιλιόστος || μιλιόντος
|}
''Άνος'', ''οίνος'', and ordinal numerals inflect as o-stem adjectives.
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Oltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO.
===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
Line 40: Line 804:
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
'''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι.
'''Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии анзи.
{{interlinear
|Ωύλ-οι ζόνι-οι χρί-οι άπε αυκεῖντιν-οι δίγνιτ-ης άπε κωὺρ-αχτ-ον γῆν-οντο.
|all-M.PL.NOM.DEF person-PL.NOM free-M.PL.NOM.DEF and equal-M.PL.NOM.DEF dignity-SG.GEN and right-NZ-PL.GEN be_born-3PL.MID.PRES
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|Χρόδ-ηντο μέγμ-αναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝ-ον άπε λίγ-οντο γνί-οντ-οι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτ-ι-ι ὰνζ-ι.
|give-3PL.MID.PRES mind-SG.ACC and conscience-SG.ACC and should-3PL.MID.PRES do-PRES.PTCP-M.PL.NOM.DEF 3.RECP with brother-NZ-SG.GEN spirit-SG.GEN
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}}


===Linguifex-hosted translations===
===Linguifex-hosted translations===
Line 50: Line 827:


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[https://cals.info/language/oltic/ CALS]
*[https://cals.info/language/oltic/ CALS]
*[[Oltic/Swadesh]]


[[Category:Oltic language]]
[[Category:Oltic language]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Oltic"