Tardigrade
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Everish '''Eveireg''' {{IPA|/eˈvei̯ɾeɡ/}} is a a Brittonic Celtic tongue spoken in parts of Galicia and Asturias. | Everish '''Eveireg''' {{IPA|/eˈvei̯ɾeɡ/}} is a a Brittonic Celtic tongue spoken in parts of Galicia and Asturias. | ||
==Phonology and Orthography== | |||
===Everish Consonants=== | |||
The consonant inventory for Everish is as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | | |||
! [[w:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |||
! [[w:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]] | |||
! [[w:Dental_consonant|Dental]] | |||
! [[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_nasal|m]] ⟨m⟩ | |||
| rowspan=3 style=border-right:0; | | |||
| style=border-left:0; | | |||
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals|n]] ⟨n⟩ | |||
| [[w:ɲ|ɲ]] ⟨ñ⟩ | |||
| [[w:ŋ|ŋ]] ⟨ng, ngu⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]] !! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small> | |||
| [[w:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] ⟨p⟩ | |||
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_plosive|t]] ⟨t⟩ | |||
| rowspan=2 | | |||
| [[w:t͡ʃ|t͡ʃ]] ⟨ch⟩ | |||
| [[w:/k/|k]] ⟨c, qu⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_bilabial_plosive|b]]~[[w:/β/|β]] ⟨b⟩ | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_dental_plosive|d]]~[[w:/ð/|ð]] ⟨d⟩ | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[w:d͡ʒ|d͡ʒ]]~[[w:ʒ|ʒ]] ⟨g, j⟩ | |||
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_velar_plosive|ɡ]]~[[w:/ɣ/|ɣ]] ⟨g, gu⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] !! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | |||
| [[w:Voiced_labial_fricative|v]] ⟨v⟩ | |||
| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant|z]] ⟨z⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small> | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiceless_labial_fricative|f]] ⟨f⟩ | |||
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] ⟨ç⟩ | |||
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant|s]] ⟨s⟩ | |||
| [[w:ʃ|ʃ]] ⟨x⟩ | |||
| [[w:Voiceless_velar_fricative|x]] ⟨h⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] !! <small>[[w:Central consonant|central]]</small> | |||
| rowspan=4 colspan=3 style=border-right:0; | | |||
| style=border-left:0; | | |||
| [[w:/j/|j]] ⟨y⟩ | |||
| [[w:/w/|w]] ⟨u⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>[[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small> | |||
| [[w:/l/|l]] ⟨l⟩ | |||
| [[w:/ʎ/|ʎ]] ⟨ll⟩ | |||
| rowspan=3 style=border-left:0; | | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | [[w:Trill|Trill]] | |||
| [[w:/r/|r]] ⟨rr⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | [[w:Tap|Tap]] | |||
| [[w:/ɾ/|ɾ]] ⟨r⟩ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels & Diphthongs=== | |||
Everish can be described as having two groups of vowel sounds: | |||
# the open vowels, which arose from historically short vowels | |||
# the close vowels, which arose from historically long vowels | |||
# the diphthongs | |||
The open and close vowels are represented by the following inventory: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 270px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 60px; " |Front | |||
! style="width: 60px; " |Central | |||
! style="width: 60px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| iː | |||
| ʉ(ː) | |||
| u(ː) | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-close | |||
| ɪ | |||
| | |||
| ʊ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close-mid | |||
| eː | |||
| | |||
| oː | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| | |||
| ə | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open-mid | |||
| ɛ | |||
| | |||
| ʌ ɔ(ː) | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| a(ː) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
All of Everish's true diphthongs are falling and consist of a vowel + either /i̯/ or /u̯/. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 270px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |+ i̯ | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |+ u̯ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-close | |||
| | |||
| ɪu̯ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| əi̯ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open-mid | |||
| ɛi̯ ɔi̯ | |||
| ɛu̯ ɔu̯ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| au̯ | |||
|} | |||
===Sound Changes=== | ===Sound Changes=== | ||
| Line 225: | Line 365: | ||
| ''t'' /t/ | | ''t'' /t/ | ||
| colspan=2 | ''d'' /d/ | | colspan=2 | ''d'' /d/ | ||
| '' | | ''ç'' /θ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''c'' /k/ | | ''c'' /k/ | ||
| Line 280: | Line 420: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Lenited ''g'' | Lenited ''g'' becomes ''v'' before words in ''go-, gu-'', e.g. ''[[Contionary:gou|gou]]'' "smith" → ''i vou'' "his smith", ''[[Contionary:gur|gur]]'' "man, husband" → ''i vur'' "his husband". | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
* Lenition: ''i beñ'' "his head", ''di dad'' "your dad", ''i | * Lenition: ''i beñ'' "his head", ''di dad'' "your dad", ''i dji'' "his dog", ''a reg'' "the woman", ''do Varselen'' "to Barcelona". | ||
* Spirantisation: ''i feñ'' "her head", ''tri | * Spirantisation: ''i feñ'' "her head", ''tri çad'' "three dads", ''ter haç'' "three cats". | ||
* Nasalisation: ''no | * Nasalisation: ''no ngreg'' "nine women", ''i Marselen'' "in Barcelona", ''mi garrer'' "my road" | ||
===List=== | ===List=== | ||