Proto-Tassinean: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox proto-language

|altname=PtT

|creator=User:Jukethatbox

|target=[[Tassinean languages]]

|region=Tassi Basin, Tassinean Archipelago (later, through migration)

|era=3000YD-1300YD

|familycolor = ~~Papuan~~

|familycolor = Sino-Tibetan

|child1=Proto-Searnic

|child2=Proto-Inian

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'''Proto-Tassinean''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the [[Tassinean languages]], commonly spoken in the Tassinean Archipelago, though most Tassinists believe that Proto-Tassinean was originally spoken in the inland Tassi Basin, before Proto-Tassineans sailed to the Archipelago.

==Phonology==

~~===Orthography===~~

===Consonants===

{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"

! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar

|-

! Plosive

| *p *b || || *t *d || || *k *g

|-

! Nasal

| *m || || *n || *N || *ŋ

|-

! Fricative

| || *f *v || *s *z? || *h ||

|-

! Tap or Flap

| colspan=2 | || *r || colspan=2 |

|-

! (Lateral) Approximant

| colspan=2 | || *l || *j || *w

|}

Consonants with a ⟨?⟩ are debated.

===Vowels===

{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"

|-

! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | Short !! colspan=3 | Long<ref>Long vowels in Proto-Tassinean are debated, as there is no real pattern of long vowels within derivative languages of Proto-Tassinean.</ref>

|-

! Front !! Central !! Back !! Front !! Central !! Back

|-

! Close

| *i *y || || *u || *ī *ȳ|| || *ū

|-

! Mid/close-mid

| *e || *ə || *o || *ē || || *ō

|-

! Open

|| *a || *ä || || *ā || ||

|}

===Prosody===

====Stress====

====Intonation====

===Phonotactics===

====Agin's law====

Proto-Tassinean follows Agin's law, which is a phonotactic law focusing primarily on Tassinean languages. It states that though consonants can be placed in an adjacent manner, they can not be of the same category of consonant. e.g. the word ''*mäkpah'' was rejected as an ancestor of [[Adi Adi]] ''meqipah'' and [[Siwè]] ''mịkịpe'' due to it violating the law by putting ''*k'' adjacent to ''*p''. The word ''*mäkuph'' was later chosen as a more accurate ancestor, taking into account other cognates like Proto-Inian ''*mäk-upH''.

~~===Phonotactics===~~

~~~~

===Morphophonology===

==Morphology==

===Comparison===

''See also: [[Proto-Tassinean/Comparison with modern derivations|Comparison with modern derivations]].''

<!-~~- Here are some example subcategories:~~

{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"

! English (Proto-Tassinean translation) !! Proto-Tassinean !! Proto-Searnic !! Proto-Inian !! Proto-Argan † || Proto-Sangver †

|-

| yew tree||''*mäkuph'' || ''*mekipeh'' || ''*mak-upH'' || ''*mäkopḫ'' || ''*mikši''

|-

| desert || ''*esäveh'' || ''*isəHwih'' || - || ''*esebéH'' || ''*vehib''

|-

| forest || ''*bāhe'' || ''*bawi'' || ''*ḅāhwē'' || ''*maha'' || rowspan=2 | -

|-

| cherry || colspan=2 | ''*daNehir'' || ''*ḏaNesir'' || ''*danai''

|-

| apple || colspan=2 | ''*hiNe'' || ''*wēsiNe'' || - || ''*hinʲe''

|-

| orange || ''*irēeŋ'' || ''*irēn'' || ''*iwin'' || ''*eran'' || ''*ireng''

|-

| peach || ''*dava'' || ''*dāva'' || ''*daḅa'' || ''*dava'' || ''*tahā''

|-

| father || ''*wak'' || ''*hak'' || - || ''*wec'' || ''*ila''<ref>''*wak'' → ''*werk'' → ''*we(r)h'' → ''*elh'' → ''*ilh'' → ''*ilə'' → ''*ila''</ref>

|-

| mother || ''*pēhes'' || ''*bes'' || ''*bers'' || ''*pē'' || ''*hiš''

|-

| brother || ''*hōkn'' || ''*hōkon'' || ''*hok'' "father" || ''*ohan''<ref>''*hōkn'' → ''*ōkn'' → ''*ōkan'' → ''*ogan'' → ''*oɣan'' → ''*ohan''</ref> || ''*heg''

|-

| sister || ''*naNasə'' || ''*snaNa'' || ''*naNās'' || ''*nasu''<ref>''*naNasə'' → ''*Nasə'' → ''*nasə'' → ''*nasu''</ref>|| ''*nenʲa''

|}

~~Nouns~~

===Particles===

~~Adjectives~~

====Determiners====

~~Verbs~~

{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"

~~Adverbs~~

! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2| Plural

~~Particles~~

|- class=small

~~Derivational morphology~~

! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate

|-

-->

! Near

| ''*uir'' || ''*uirjä'' || ''*iwōr'' || ''*iwänar''

|-

! Far

| ''*vēneh'' || ''*veāNah'' || colspan=2 | ''*keseNōrə''

|}

Proto-Tassinean differentiates determiners by two categories: grammatical number and animacy.

==Syntax==

===Constituent order===

===Noun phrase===

Proto-Tassinean constituent order has been debated, with some believing it to be SOV, citing [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]], while others believing it may be OSV, citing [[Ingwen]], [[Ke'ek]] and [[Proto-Inian]].

====Noun-adjective order====

Noun-adjective order is even more controversial, due to even linguistically similar languages like [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]] differing on specifically adjective placement. Thus, Tassinists generally agree to not speak of noun-adjective order, assuming instead a free constituent order, for the sake of collaboration and often friendship.

===Nouns===

====Cases====

Proto-Tassinean has seven noun cases: '''nominative''', '''ergative''', '''absolutive''', '''dative''', '''genitive''', '''instrumentative''' and '''locative''', and they are all subject to change based on animacy. They are identified by prefixes and suffixes.

{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! colspan=7 | Case

|-

! Nominative !! Ergative !! Absolutive !! Dative !! Genitive !! Instrumentative !! Locative

|-

! rowspan=3 | Animacy

|-

! Inanimate

| - || ''*soh-'' || ''*-vir'' || ''*-Nir'' || ''*-sə'' || rowspan=2 | ''*gid-'' || ''*-wē''

|-

! Animate

| ''*-zih?'' || ''*ma-'' || ''*-Nēŋ'' || ''*-avī'' || ''*-yrn'' || ''*-aw''

|}

====Noun phrase====

===Verb phrase===

===Sentence phrase===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{construction}}
 {{Infobox proto-language
+|altname=PtT
 |creator=User:Jukethatbox
 |target=[[Tassinean languages]]
 |region=Tassi Basin,<br>Tassinean Archipelago<br><small>(later, through migration)</small>
 |era=3000YD-1300YD
-|familycolor = Papuan
+|familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
 |child1=Proto-Searnic
 |child2=Proto-Inian
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 '''Proto-Tassinean''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the [[Tassinean languages]], commonly spoken in the Tassinean Archipelago, though most Tassinists believe that Proto-Tassinean was originally spoken in the inland Tassi Basin, before Proto-Tassineans sailed to the Archipelago.
 ==Phonology==
-===Orthography===
 ===Consonants===
+{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
+|-
+! Plosive
+| *p *b || || *t *d || || *k *g
+|-
+! Nasal
+| *m || || *n || *N || *ŋ
+|-
+! Fricative
+| || *f *v || *s *z<sup>?</sup> || *h ||
+|-
+! Tap or Flap
+| colspan=2 | || *r || colspan=2 |
+|-
+! (Lateral) Approximant
+| colspan=2 | || *l || *j || *w
+|}
+Consonants with a ⟨<sup>?</sup>⟩ are debated.
 ===Vowels===
+{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | Short !! colspan=3 | Long<ref>Long vowels in Proto-Tassinean are debated, as there is no real pattern of long vowels within derivative languages of Proto-Tassinean.</ref>
+|-
+! Front !! Central !! Back !! Front !! Central !! Back
+|-
+! Close
+| *i *y || || *u || *ī *ȳ|| || *ū
+|-
+! Mid/close-mid
+| *e || *ə || *o || *ē || || *ō
+|-
+|-
+! Open
+|| *a || *ä || || *ā || ||
+|}
 ===Prosody===
 ====Stress====
 ====Intonation====
+===Phonotactics===
+====Agin's law====
+Proto-Tassinean follows Agin's law, which is a phonotactic law focusing primarily on Tassinean languages. It states that though consonants can be placed in an adjacent manner, they can not be of the same category of consonant. e.g. the word ''*mäkpah'' was rejected as an ancestor of [[Adi Adi]] ''meqipah'' and [[Siwè]] ''mịkịpe'' due to it violating the law by putting ''*k'' adjacent to ''*p''. The word ''*mäkuph'' was later chosen as a more accurate ancestor, taking into account other cognates like Proto-Inian ''*mäk-upH''.
-===Phonotactics===
-<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
 ===Morphophonology===
 ==Morphology==
-<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
+===Comparison===
+<small>''See also: [[Proto-Tassinean/Comparison with modern derivations|Comparison with modern derivations]].''</small>
-<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
+{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"
+! English<br>(Proto-Tassinean translation) !! Proto-Tassinean !! Proto-Searnic !! Proto-Inian !! Proto-Argan † || Proto-Sangver †
+|-
+| yew tree||''*mäkuph'' || ''*mekipeh'' || ''*mak-upH'' || ''*mäkopḫ'' || ''*mikši''
+|-
+| desert ||  ''*esäveh'' || ''*isəHwih'' || - || ''*esebéH'' || ''*vehib''
+|-
+| forest ||  ''*bāhe'' || ''*bawi'' || ''*ḅāhwē'' || ''*maha'' || rowspan=2 | -
+|-
+| cherry ||  colspan=2 | ''*daNehir'' || ''*ḏaNesir'' || ''*danai''
+|-
+| apple || colspan=2 | ''*hiNe'' || ''*wēsiNe'' || - || ''*hinʲe''
+|-
+| orange || ''*irēeŋ'' || ''*irēn'' || ''*iwin'' || ''*eran'' || ''*ireng''
+|-
+| peach || ''*dava'' || ''*dāva'' || ''*daḅa'' || ''*dava'' || ''*tahā''
+|-
+| father || ''*wak'' || ''*hak'' || - || ''*wec'' || ''*ila''<ref>''*wak'' → ''*werk'' → ''*we(r)h'' → ''*elh'' → ''*ilh'' → ''*ilə'' → ''*ila''</ref>
+|-
+| mother ||  ''*pēhes'' || ''*bes'' || ''*bers'' || ''*pē'' || ''*hiš''
+|-
+| brother || ''*hōkn'' || ''*hōkon'' || ''*hok''<br>"father" || ''*ohan''<ref>''*hōkn'' → ''*ōkn'' → ''*ōkan'' → ''*ogan'' → ''*oɣan'' → ''*ohan''</ref> || ''*heg''
+|-
+| sister || ''*naNasə'' || ''*snaNa'' || ''*naNās'' || ''*nasu''<ref>''*naNasə'' → ''*Nasə'' → ''*nasə'' → ''*nasu''</ref>|| ''*nenʲa''
+|}
-Nouns
+===Particles===
-Adjectives
+====Determiners====
-Verbs
+{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"
-Adverbs
+! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2| Plural
-Particles
+|- class=small
-Derivational morphology
+! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate
+|-
--->
+! Near
+| ''*uir'' || ''*uirjä'' || ''*iwōr'' || ''*iwänar''
+|-
+! Far
+| ''*vēneh'' || ''*veāNah'' || colspan=2 | ''*keseNōrə''
+|}
+Proto-Tassinean differentiates determiners by two categories: grammatical number and animacy.
 ==Syntax==
 ===Constituent order===
-===Noun phrase===
+Proto-Tassinean constituent order has been debated, with some believing it to be SOV, citing [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]], while others believing it may be OSV, citing [[Ingwen]], [[Ke'ek]] and [[Proto-Inian]].
+====Noun-adjective order====
+Noun-adjective order is even more controversial, due to even linguistically similar languages like [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]] differing on specifically adjective placement. Thus, Tassinists generally agree to not speak of noun-adjective order, assuming instead a free constituent order, for the sake of collaboration and often friendship.
+===Nouns===
+====Cases====
+Proto-Tassinean has seven noun cases: '''nominative''', '''ergative''', '''absolutive''', '''dative''', '''genitive''', '''instrumentative''' and '''locative''', and they are all subject to change based on animacy. They are identified by prefixes and suffixes.
+{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;"
+! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |  !! colspan=7 | Case
+|-
+! Nominative !! Ergative !! Absolutive !! Dative !! Genitive !! Instrumentative !! Locative
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | Animacy
+|-
+! Inanimate
+| - || ''*soh-'' || ''*-vir'' || ''*-Nir'' || ''*-sə'' || rowspan=2 | ''*gid-'' || ''*-wē''
+|-
+! Animate
+| ''*-zih<sup>?</sup>'' || ''*ma-'' || ''*-Nēŋ'' || ''*-avī'' || ''*-yrn'' ||  ''*-aw''
+|}
+====Noun phrase====
 ===Verb phrase===
 ===Sentence phrase===