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<poem>
''ei! jån' kähne Jündemruoger''
''snirre ure nungnung Troh;''
''Sioner röbes ƕieme Puoger',''
''ind' enwülze Þafte quoh'.''
''ei! lind mause bückne mungel,''
''Wiote-Wuzes duoɟ niens Kliten',''
''ionem' ƕind Benußes zungel;''
''Kuobs mes pepen, Ƕeiges miten.''
</poem>
==Glossed==
<poem>
<poem>
''ei enswälzel! dullel meis!''
''ei jåne kähne Jündemruoger''
<small>O hearken-2PL.IMP hear-2PL.IMP now</small>
<small>O how soon-ACC life-ATTR-tapestry-NOM</small>


''tang lind maute bückne mungel,''
''snirre ure nungnung Troh''
<small>Indeed 2PL.NOM here stationed come/PRES-2PL</small>
<small>shatter/PRES-3PL like little-little pebble/PL</small>


''Wieteþ Duzes duoɟ liß Klüten;''
''Sioner röbes ƕieme Puogere''
<small>heaven-GEN grace-DAT PASS 2PL-ACC accomodation_as_guest-PL-ACC</small>
<small>crown-AUG-SG.NOM sit/PRES-3SG.IN INDEF-ACC throne-SG.ACC</small>


''ionem' ƕind benußet zungel,''
''inde enwülze Þafte quohe''
<small>just-like 1PL.NOM judge-INF act-2PL</small>
<small>suddenly completely_sweep/PRES-3PL wave-PL-NOM lose/PRES-3PL</small>


''Kuobs mes pepen, Ƕeikes miten.''
''ei lind mause bückne mungel''
<small>poor-DAT this-DAT love-1PL-IMP neighbor-DAT give-1PL-IMP</small>
<small>O 2PL.NOM hither stationed-PRED come/PRES-2PL</small>


''mes enwünkel Gungs Gungs Sneis!''
''Wiote Wuzes duoɟ niens Klitene''
<small>this-ACC consider-2PL hour hour-DAT always-DAT life-DAT</small>
<small>heaven-GEN grace-DAT PERF CORELATIVE-PL-DAT accomodate_as_guest-VERBAL_NOUN-ACC</small>
 
''ionemen ƕind Benußes zungel''
<small>just-like 1PL.NOM judge-VERBAL_NOUN-DAT act-2PL</small>
 
''Kuobs mes pepen, Ƕeiges miten''
<small>poor-DAT this-DAT give_charitably-1PL-IMP neighbor-DAT give-1PL-IMP</small>
</poem>
</poem>


==Notes==
==Notes==
In Wiobian, all nouns are capitalized. However, words beginning a sentence need not be capitalized.
===Typology===
The language is SVO (with more variation in poetry), and prepositions are preferred to postpositions. However, nominal modifiers precede the modified noun.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Nouns have 5 cases:
In Classical Wiobian, nouns have a singular-plural distinction and are inflected in 5 cases:
*Nominative: subject
*Nominative: subject
*Accusative: direct object
*Accusative: direct object, some adverbial expressions
*Dative: indirect object, adverbial expressions
*Dative: indirect object, some adverbial expressions, instrumental.
*Genitive: it's your standard genitive case
*Genitive: it's your bog-standard genitive case. Often "hyphenated" to the next word because of its ambiguity
*Predicative: predicative
*Predicative: predicate
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Wiobian declension
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 90px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 150px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''-''Ø || [PLURAL STEM]''-''Ø
|-
! Accusative
| ''-e'' || [PLURAL STEM]''-n''
|-
! Genitive
| ''-''Ø || [PLURAL STEM]''-e''
|-
! Dative
| ''-s'' || [PLURAL STEM]''-ns''
|-
! Predicative
| ''-e'' || [PLURAL STEM]''-''Ø
|}
 
Wiobian uses the indefinite article ''ƕiem'' 'one' for indefinite singular nouns.
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives may take the same case endings as nouns or, more commonly, take no ending. Adjectives in the predicative position, however, must have the predicative ending.
 
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs have stem forms for present, past and verbal noun which are not always distinct. They are often marked by auxiliaries.
Verbs have stem forms for present, past and verbal noun which are not always distinct. They are often additionally marked by auxiliary words to disambiguate the tense, since many forms are very similar.
====Inflection====
In Classical Wiobian, the verb is also inflected for person.
 
The superscript <sup>U</sup> denotes umlaut of stems of "athematic" verbs.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
Line 40: Line 97:
!|1
!|1
|''-''
|''-''
|''-n''
|[PRESENT]''-n''
|-
|-
!|2
!|2
|''-(t)''
|[PRESENT]''-(t)''
|''-l''
|[PRESENT]''-l''
|}
|}


Line 57: Line 114:
|-
|-
!|1
!|1
|''<sup>U</sup>-n''
|[PRESENT]''<sup>U</sup>-n''
|''-m(e)''
|[PRESENT]''-m(e)''
|-
|-
!|2
!|2
|''-e''
|[PRESENT]''-e''
|''-l''
|[PRESENT]''-l''
|-
|-
!|3.animate
!|3.animate
|''-n''
|[PRESENT]''-n''
|''<sup>U</sup>-e''
|rowspan="2"|[PRESENT]''<sup>U</sup>-e''
|-
|-
!|3.inanimate
!|3.inanimate
|colspan="2"|''<sup>U</sup>-e''
|[PRESENT]''<sup>U</sup>-s''
|}
|}


The following are the endings for past tense:
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" | Past tense endings
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|[PAST]''-n''
|[PAST]''-m(e)''
|-
!|2
|[PAST]''-e''
|[PAST]''-l''
|-
!|3.animate
|[PAST]''-n''
|[PAST]''<sup>U</sup>-e''
|-
!|3.inanimate
|colspan="2"|[PAST]''-''Ø
|}
 
===Syntactic constructions===
====Relative clauses====
Relative clauses are internally headed: The head is the first constituent of the relative clause, and an anaphoric "co-relative pronoun" ''nie'' occurs after the relative clause that refers back to the head.
 
====Perfect tense====
The auxiliary construction for perfect tense is: ''duoɟ'' + SUBJECT in the DATIVE case + VERB in VERBAL NOUN form in the ACCUSATIVE + ADDITIONAL ARGUMENTS in whatever case the verbal argument is supposed to take.
 
==Translation==
<poem>
O how quickly the sculpture of life
Shatters into tiny little fragments!
The splendor of the king on his throne
Is completely swept away by sea-waves.
Ye who have come hither stationed here,
By Heaven's grace ye have been accommodated.
Just like us, ye act in order to be judged;
Therefore let us be generous to the pauper, and give to our neighbor.
</poem>
 
[[Category:Fourth Linguifex Relay]][[Category:Wiobian relay texts]]
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