Guimin/Test Case Sentences: Difference between revisions
Created page with "1. {{interlinear | | ||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} The sun shines. 2. {{interlinear | | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} The sun is shining. 3. {{interlinear | | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} The sun shone. 4. {{interlinear | | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} The sun will shine. 5. {{interlinear | | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}}..." |
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1. | 1. Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun shines. | The sun shines. | ||
2. | 2. Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun is shining. | The sun is shining. | ||
3. | 3. Ыг сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun do.PFV.PST.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun shone. | The sun shone. | ||
4. | 4. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ. | ||
| | |sun do.PFV.FUT.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun will shine. | The sun will shine. | ||
5. | 5. Гӯ сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} sun do.IPFV.PST.N.SG do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun has been shining. | The sun has been shining. | ||
6. | 6. Ыг сӯъл двиъта̄тӏ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл двиъ-та̄тӏ локӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun re-do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun is shining again. | The sun is shining again. | ||
7. | 7. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏ-э̄. | ||
| | |sun do.PFV.FUT.N.SG shining tomorrow-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun will shine tomorrow. | The sun will shine tomorrow. | ||
8. | 8. Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏ-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining bright-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun shines brightly. | The sun shines brightly. | ||
9. | 9. Ыг сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun bright do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The bright sun shines. | The bright sun shines. | ||
10. | 10. Ыг сӯъл иътӏыъндэ нӯъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл иътӏ-ыъндэ нӯъ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun go.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-{{gcl|SUP|superessive}}.LAT now | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun is rising now. | The sun is rising now. | ||
11. | 11. Ыг ынвис виъсэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ын-вис виъс-эс каркар ыъкӏатӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} person.OBL-ERG.SG all-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
All the people shouted. | All the people shouted. | ||
12. | 12. Ыг ынвис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ын-вис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} person.OBL-ERG.SG some shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Some of the people shouted. | Some of the people shouted. | ||
13. | 13. Гӯ ынвис биврэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄э̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ын-вис бивр-эс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} person.OBL-ERG.SG many-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG two-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Many of the people shouted twice. | Many of the people shouted twice. | ||
14. | 14. Гӯ ынвис муъцӏэс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ын-вис муъцӏ-эс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} person.OBL-ERG.SG happy-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PRES.N.SG say.PFV.PRES.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Happy people often shout. | Happy people often shout. | ||
15. | 15. Ыг катыргуъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏыъндэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кат-рг-уъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏ-ыъндэ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cat-DIM-ERG.SG jump go.PFV.PRES.F.SG-{{gcl|SUP|superessive}}.LAT | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The kitten jumped up. | The kitten jumped up. | ||
16. | 16. Ыг катыргуъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯрдэ сәнтӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кат-рг-уъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯр-дэ сәнтӏытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cat-DIM-ERG.SG jump table-LAT go.PFV.PRES.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The kitten jumped onto the table. | The kitten jumped onto the table. | ||
17. | 17. Ыг катырг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏәд. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кат-рг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏ-әд. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cat-DIM small 1SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} go.PFV.PST.F.SG-ABL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
My little kitten walked away. | My little kitten walked away. | ||
18. | 18. Ыг ыб къӏэцӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ыб къӏэцӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} rain.ABS happen.IPFV.NPST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
It's raining. | It's raining. | ||
19. | 19. Гӯ ыб ӣтӏуъпӏтӏэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ыб ӣтӏ-уъпӏтӏэ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} rain.ABS go.PFV.PST.M.SG-SUB.LAT | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The rain came down. | The rain came down. | ||
20. | 20. Ыг катыргуъс ыбринэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кат-рг-уъс ыбр-инэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cat-DIM-ERG.SG rain.OBL-{{gcl|IN|inessive}} do.IPFV.NPST.M.SG fun | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The kitten is playing in the rain. | The kitten is playing in the rain. | ||
21. | 21. Ыг ыб чӏигьтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ыб чӏигьтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} rain.ABS stop.PFV.PRES.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The rain has stopped. | The rain has stopped. | ||
22. | 22. Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы. | ||
| | |rain.ABS stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG soon | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Soon the rain will stop. | Soon the rain will stop. | ||
23. | 23. Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏитиъ пӏы тәртӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏ-итиъ пӏы тәртӏ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG hope rain.ABS stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG-GER-SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} soon have.PFV.PRES.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I hope the rain stops soon. | I hope the rain stops soon. | ||
24. | 24. Гы̄ гӯъсәрыс эгайә̄с тӏыънтӏ сәэ эвэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ гӯъ-сәрыс эга-йә̄с тӏыънтӏ сә-э эв-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} animal-SG.ABS wild-SG.ABS.N stand.PFV.PST.N.SG DEM-LOC one-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Once wild animals lived here. | Once wild animals lived here. | ||
25. | 25. Ыг сэ̄ дәркӏытӏгьэигъ дәндәлэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сэ̄ дәркӏытӏ-гьэ-игъ дәндәл-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.F.ABS see.PFV.PST.F.SG-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}}-TRANSL slow-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Slowly she looked around. | Slowly she looked around. | ||
26. | 26. Синттӏуъәд! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Синттӏуъ-әд! | ||
| | |go.IMP.M.SG-ABL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Go away! | Go away! | ||
27. | 27. Ым синтӏинтӏуъ! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ым синтӏинтӏуъ! | ||
| | |1INCL.ABS go.IMP.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Let's go! | Let's go! | ||
28. | 28. Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄. | ||
| | |2SG.ABS go.PFV.PRES.M.SG should | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
You should go. | You should go. | ||
29. | 29. Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏ-э̄. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS go.PFV.FUT.M.SG happy-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I will be happy to go. | I will be happy to go. | ||
30. | 30. Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы. | ||
| | |go.PFV.FUT.M.SG soon | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He will arrive soon. | He will arrive soon. | ||
31. | 31.Ыг тӏопӏ гӣнттитиъ әдӣтӏ гъур. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏопӏ гӣнтт-итиъ әд-ӣтӏ гъур. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} ball baby-SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} ABL-go.PRF.N.SG rolling | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The baby's ball has rolled away. | The baby's ball has rolled away. | ||
32. | 32. Ыг двә̄ пӏуъкьӏэс вирг тынэнтӏ буъцэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг двә̄ пӏуъкьӏ-эс вирг тынэнтӏ буъц-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} two boy-PL.ERG work do.IPFV.NPST.N.PL together-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The two boys are working together. | The two boys are working together. | ||
33. | 33. Гӯ сә муъкь әдсәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ сә муъкь әд-сәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} DEM mist ABL-go.PFV.FUT.F.SG probably | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
This mist will probably clear away. | This mist will probably clear away. | ||
34. | 34. Ыг бо̄шшәм винә̄с виъсмэ акӏинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг бо̄шш-әм вин-ә̄с виъс-м-э акӏинтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} flower-PL.ABS lovely-PL.ABS.N every-NZ-LOC grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Lovely flowers are growing everywhere. | Lovely flowers are growing everywhere. | ||
35. | 35. Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәлэ̄ такэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәл-э̄ такэ̄. | ||
| | |1INCL.ERG food do.PFV.FUT.N.SG COMP slow-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} should | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We should eat more slowly. | We should eat more slowly. | ||
36. | 36. Тӏви дэсинттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви дэ-синттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ. | ||
| | |2SG.ABS LAT-go.PFV.PRES.M.SG soon too_much | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
You have come too soon. | You have come too soon. | ||
37. | 37. Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъареэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъаре-э̄. | ||
| | |2SG.ERG writing hit.PFV.FUT.M.SG must COMP neat-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
You must write more neatly. | You must write more neatly. | ||
38. | 38. Ыг э̄кӏалл пӏырәппыъ тӏыътӏ хин нигьэмэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг э̄кӏалл пӏырәппыъ тӏыътӏ хин нигьэм-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} palace excellent stand.PFV.PRES.N.SG {{gcl|INT|intensive}} opposite-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Directly opposite stands a wonderful | Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace. | ||
39. | 39. Ыг кӏунсы Йәъгья̄ис корәсы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кӏун-сы Йәъгья̄-ис кор-әсы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} dog.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} Henry-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG lost-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Yahya's dog is lost. | |||
40. | 40. Ыг катуъсы мәс энтәсы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кат-уъсы мәс энт-әсы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cat-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} 1SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} black-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
My cat is black. | My cat is black. | ||
41. | 41. Гӯ витӯъргсы кывыргәш бингэ̄сы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ витӯърг-сы кыв-рг-әш бинг-э̄сы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} doll-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} girl-DIM-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG broken-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The little girl's doll is broken. | The little girl's doll is broken. | ||
42. | 42. Ик суъп ситтӏ римтӏ ниво̄ккӏэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик суъп ситтӏ римтӏ ниво̄ккӏ-э̄. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG sleep.ABS lie.IPFV.NPST.M.SG lie.PFV.PRES.M.SG quiet-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I usually sleep soundly. | I usually sleep soundly. | ||
43. | 43. Гӯ тӏыъкӏыс Сурэндэ сытӏнинтӏ иъшш. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏыъкӏ-ыс Сурэн-дэ сытӏнинтӏ иъшш. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} children-ABS.PL Suren-LAT go.PFV.PST.N.PL run | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The children ran after | The children ran after Suren. | ||
44. | 44. Ми мэкӏтӏэбппӏәд тӣтӏиъыъ мо̄н. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми мэкӏтӏэб-ппӏәд тӣтӏиъ-ыъ мо̄н. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS school-POST.ABL do.PFV.FUT.M.SG fun | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I can play after school. | I can play after school. | ||
45. | 45. Ым виъкӏэ игъсинтӏнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ым виъкӏ-э игъ-синтӏнинтӏ. | ||
| | |1INCL.ABS village.ERG-LOC TRANSL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We went to the village for a visit. | We went to the village for a visit. | ||
46. | 46. Ы̄в ръӯйбыд сәнтӏинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ы̄в ръӯй-быд сәнтӏинтӏ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ABS river-TERM go.PFV.PST.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We arrived at the river. | We arrived at the river. | ||
47. | 47. Ми тӏэ̄ иминтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми тӏэ̄ иминтӏ. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS 2SG.DAT wait.IPFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I have been waiting for you. | I have been waiting for you. | ||
48. | 48. Гӯ чӏа̄ррамчӏа̄сәрыс э̄кьигъ сиднинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ чӏа̄ррам-чӏа̄-сәрыс э̄кь-игъ сиднинтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} camp-AG-ABS.PL fire-TRANSL sit.PFV.PST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The campers sat around the fire. | The campers sat around the fire. | ||
49. | 49. Ыг кывырг катыргуъми сәдытӏ икмиэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кыв-рг кат-рг-уъми сәдытӏ икми-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} girl-DIM cat-DIM-COM sit.PFV.PST.F.SG 1SG.COM-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
A little girl with a kitten sat near me. | A little girl with a kitten sat near me. | ||
50. | 50. Ыг лъим туърбыд ццӏапӏыътӏръӣ мәнытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг лъим туър-быд ццӏа-пӏыътӏ-ръӣ мәнытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} child door.ERG-TERM F-father-DAT.SG wait.PFV.PST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The child waited at the door for her father. | The child waited at the door for her father. | ||
51. | 51. Гӯ кывәс бәч пӏыгъанэ̄ виъкӏис ццӏакатырг ӣхатӏ кор сон. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ кыв-әс бәч пӏыгъан-э̄ виъкӏ-ис ццӏа-кат-рг ӣхатӏ кор сон. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} girl-ERG.SG {{gcl|SUP|superlative}} old-ERG.SG.F village.ERG-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG F-cat-DIM throw.PFV.PST.M.SG lost yesterday | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten. | Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten. | ||
52. | 52. Тӏви сә виъкӏэ упӏытӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви сә виъкӏ-э упӏытӏ-ма? | ||
| | |2SG.ABS DEM village.ERG-LOC make.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Were you born in this village? | Were you born in this village? | ||
53. | 53. Бырэ̄тӏсәр тӏо лъе̄ сыттӏыъма висэ̄? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Бырэ̄тӏ-сәр тӏо лъе̄ сыттӏ-ыъ-ма вис-э̄? | ||
| | |brother-ERG.SG 2SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} dance go.PFV.PRES.N.SG-{{gcl|ABIL|abilitative}}-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} good-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Can your brother dance well? | Can your brother dance well? | ||
54. | 54. Вӣър әдсинтӏытӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вӣър әд-синтӏытӏ-ма? | ||
| | |man.ABS ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Did the man leave? | Did the man leave? | ||
55. | 55. Бисәр тӏвитиъ тӏэ̄ дээ̄тӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Би-сәр тӏвитиъ тӏэ̄ дээ̄тӏ-ма? | ||
| | |sister.ABS-ABS.SG 2SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} 2SG.DAT LAT-go.PFV.PST.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Is your sister coming for you? | Is your sister coming for you? | ||
56. | 56. Тӏви сәнтӏитӏиъыъма мукӏ? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви сәнтӏитӏиъ-ыъ-ма мукӏ? | ||
| | |2SG.ABS go.PFV.FUT.F.SG-{{gcl|ABIL|abilitative}}-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} tomorrow | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Can you come tomorrow? | Can you come tomorrow? | ||
57. | 57. Сәмкӏӯъм киъмигъ әдсинтӏнинтӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сәмкӏӯъ-м киъм-игъ әд-синтӏнинтӏ-ма? | ||
| | |neighbor.ABS-ABS.PL winter-TRANSL ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Have the neighbors gone away for the winter? | Have the neighbors gone away for the winter? | ||
58. | 58. Руккьӏэ̄нәс ыбрэ къӏэн ыъкӏтӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Руккьӏэ̄н-әс ыбр-э къӏэн ыъкӏтӏ-ма? | ||
| | |robin-ERG.SG rain.ERG-IN song say.PFV.PRES.N.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Does the robin sing in the rain? | Does the robin sing in the rain? | ||
59. | 59. Тӏви нә̄ъми концертдэ синтӏитӏиъма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви нә̄ъми концерт-дэ синтӏитӏиъ-ма? | ||
| | |2SG.ABS 1EXCL.COM concert-LAT go.PFV.FUT.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Are you going with us to the concert? | Are you going with us to the concert? | ||
60. | 60. Тӏӯъ е̄н джәнгәлэ ӣтӏма эвэ̄? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏӯъ е̄н джәнгәл-э ӣтӏ-ма эв-э̄? | ||
| | |2SG.ERG travel jungle-LOC go.PRF.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} one-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Have you ever travelled in the jungle? | Have you ever travelled in the jungle? | ||
61. | 61. Ы̄в э̄нерә̄ ръӯигъ милигъ бивригъ синтӏнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ы̄в э̄нер-ә̄ ръӯй-игъ мил-игъ бивр-игъ синтӏнинтӏ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ABS sail-INST.SG river-TRANSL mile-TRANSL many-TRANSL go.PFV.PST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We sailed down the river for several miles. | We sailed down the river for several miles. | ||
62. | 62. Гӯ виъсм сайъд тӣчӏәш вӣцӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ виъс-м сайъд тӣ-чӏ-әш вӣцӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} all-NZ game do.INF-GER-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG know.PFV.PRES.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Everybody knows about hunting. | Everybody knows about hunting. | ||
63. | 63. Ы̄в шәддэ кӏэнды сәнтӏнинтӏ ӏуйрэ̄ сӯъле свәртыкппӏэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ы̄в шәд-дэ кӏэн-ды сәнтӏнинтӏ ӏуйр-э̄ сӯъл-е свәртык-ппӏэ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ABS {mountain range}-LAT start.INF-CVB go.PFV.PST.F.PL morning-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} sun-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}} solstice-POST | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
On a sunny morning after the | On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains. | ||
64. | 64. Ыг Кӏорэин екӏтӏ хәъдыргмәс мэ̄мӯнис иба̄тӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг Кӏорэ-ин екӏтӏ хәъдырг-мәс мэ̄мӯн-ис иба̄тӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} Kore-ERG.SG laughter.ABS trick-DAT.PL monkey-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG say.IPFV.PST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Kore laughed at the monkey's tricks. | |||
65. | 65. Ыг вӣър пӏыгъан цупми чәпәрэ тӏэ̄нтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг вӣър пӏыгъан цуп-ми чәпәр-э тӏэ̄нтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} man.ABS old cane-COM fence-LOC stand.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence. | An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence. | ||
66. | 66. Ыг ниъзәсы санджа̄бэ̄с а̄тӏәсы сопбиъ мӯгъуъбиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ниъз-әсы санджа̄б-э̄с а̄тӏ-әсы соп-биъ мӯгъ-уъбиъ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} nest-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} squirrel-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG hidden-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M branch-INST.PL saggy-INST.PL.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs. | The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs. | ||
67. | 67. Гӯ ппӏәрыргэ̄с нуъкуъпӏэ сӯълбыд вирънис тӏипӏвисәс мәнинтӏ ниво̄ккӏэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ппӏәр-рг-э̄с нуък-уъпӏэ сӯъл-быд виръ-нис тӏипӏ-висәс мәнинтӏ ниво̄ккӏ-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} seed-DIM-ABS.PL snow.ERG-SUB sun-TERM spring.ERG-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG warm-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG.N wait.PFV.PST.F.PL quiet-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The little seeds waited patiently under the snow for the warm spring sun. | The little seeds waited patiently under the snow for the warm spring sun. | ||
68. | 68. Ыг кывыргэс биврэ̄с килӣлуъми бо̄шшә̄м кӏа̄нэсэ лъе̄ харэкӏигъ сытӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кыв-рг-эс бивр-э̄с килӣл-уъми бо̄шш-ә̄м кӏа̄н-эс-э лъе̄ харэкӏ-игъ сытӏытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} girl-DIM-ERG.PL many-ERG.PL.F wreath-COM flower-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.PL head-ERG.PL-LOC dance bonfire-TRANSL go.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Many little girls with wreaths of flowers on their heads danced around the bonfire. | Many little girls with wreaths of flowers on their heads danced around the bonfire. | ||
69. | 69. Ыг вар зәппилуътиъ тӏилдэ сәнттӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг вар зәппил-уътиъ тӏил-дэ сәнттӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cover basket-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG floor-LAT go.PFV.PST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The cover of the basket fell to the floor. | The cover of the basket fell to the floor. | ||
| Line 553: | Line 553: | ||
70. | 70. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ пӏӯв пӏуъкьӏ очирич-инэ къӣ-э чӏигьытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} first boy queue-IN entrance-LOC stop.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The first boy in the line stopped at the entrance. | The first boy in the line stopped at the entrance. | ||
71. | 71. Ыг гӯн пӏыгъан ве̄тӏ тӏуъмбыънэ диныргинэ йәттӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг гӯн пӏыгъан ве̄тӏ тӏуъмб-ыънэ дин-рг-инэ йәттӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} woman.ABS old wise hill-{{gcl|SUP|superessive}} house.ERG-DIM-IN be.IPFV.PST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
On the top of the hill in a little hut lived a wise old woman. | On the top of the hill in a little hut lived a wise old woman. | ||
72. | 72. Нәнгэ ыъсәнцӏчӏигъ нә̄ъм, тӏырӣгә̄синдэ ӣсинтӏ гӯънинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нәнг-э ыъсәнцӏ-чӏ-игъ нә̄ъм, тӏырӣг-ә̄с-индэ ӣсинтӏ гӯънинтӏ. | ||
| | |province-LOC be.IPFV.NPST.PTCP-GER-TRANSL 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} pasture-ERG.PL-IN.LAT go.IPFV.PST.PL go.PFV.PST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
During our residence in the province we often walked in the pastures. | During our residence in the province we often walked in the pastures. | ||
73. | 73. Сэпәнджэ̄с тӏвитиъ пӏы̄ис сәнтӏәнтӏиъмай чӏӯниъ? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сэпәндж-э̄с тӏвитиъ пӏы̄-ис сәнтӏәнтӏиъ-май чӏӯниъ? | ||
| | |guest-ABS.PL 2PL.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} city-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} LAT-go.PFV.FUT.F.PL-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} when | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
When will your guests from the city arrive? | When will your guests from the city arrive? | ||
74. | 74. Ыг ръӯе̄ гипӏсыми уъртӏ э̄тӏ хин шаркъдээ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ръӯй-э̄ гипӏ-сыми уъртӏ э̄тӏ хин шаркъ-дэ-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} river-ERG.SG mouth-COM turn.ABS go.IPFV.NPST.F.SG {{gcl|INT|intensive}} east-LAT-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East. | Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East. | ||
75. | 75. Ыг двә̄ пӏирутӏинигъ биркинигъ лак муък тӏа̄тӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг двә̄ пӏирутӏ-инигъ бирк-инигъ лак муък тӏа̄тӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} two mountain-IN.TRANSL tall-IN.TRANSL valley fertile stand.IPFV.NPST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley. | Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley. | ||
76. | 76. Ыг макъми хәшха̄шэ̄с биркэ̄с рутэ̄с нэкӏнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг макъ-ми хәшха̄ш-э̄с бирк-э̄с рут-э̄с нэкӏнинтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} wheat-COM poppy-ABS.PL tall-ABS.PL.F red-ABS.PL.F grow.PFV.PST.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Among the wheat grew tall red poppies. | Among the wheat grew tall red poppies. | ||
77. | 77. Гӯ вырэ̄цӏыс буътнәд ккьонәмтиъ вәгә̄с ырә руън. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ вырэ̄цӏ-ыс буътн-әд ккьон-әмтиъ вәг-ә̄с ырә руън. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} root.ABS-ABS.PL oak-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.PL strong-ABS.PL.N ground.ERG-ABL take.PFV.PASS.N.PL torn | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground. | The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground. | ||
78. | 78. Ыг сӯъл сопис тӏыъкӏмәсигъ мо̄нисы дыкӏытӏгьэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯъл соп-ис тӏыъкӏ-мәс-игъ мо̄н-исы дыкӏытӏ-гьэ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sun branch-ERG.PL-TRANSL children-DAT.PL fun-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N see.PFV.PST.N.SG-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sun looked down through the branches upon the children at play. | The sun looked down through the branches upon the children at play. | ||
79. | 79. Э̄нмы гъарбәс пӏыном чӏиррәкӏигъ мәс шшишиъсы гьудулисы ыъкӏатӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Э̄нм-ы гъарб-әс пӏыном чӏиррәкӏ-игъ мәс шшишиъсы гьудулисы ыъкӏатӏ. | ||
| | |wind.ERG-ERG.SG western-ERG.SG.N {heavy breath} face-TRANSL 1SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} rub-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} friendly-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N say.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The west wind blew across my face like a friendly caress. | The west wind blew across my face like a friendly caress. | ||
80. | 80. Гӯ яй тэлтиъ тӏилигъ сытӏытӏ гъур. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ яй тэл-тиъ тӏил-игъ сытӏытӏ гъур. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} spool thread-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} floor-TRANSL go.PFV.PST.N.SG rolling | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The spool of thread rolled across the floor. | The spool of thread rolled across the floor. | ||
81. | 81. Ыг къут бӯрәмтиъ акӏәнцӏәмтиъ пәнджәринэ зытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг къут бӯр-әмтиъ акӏәнцӏ-әмтиъ пәнджәр-инэ зытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} box plant-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.PL grow.IPFV.NPST.PTCP-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.PL.M window-IN sit.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
A box of growing plants stood in the window. | A box of growing plants stood in the window. | ||
82. | 82. Иккы муъцӏэ̄сы биврэ̄сы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Иккы муъцӏ-э̄сы бивр-э̄сы. | ||
| | |1SG.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} happy-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F much-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I am very happy. | I am very happy. | ||
83. | 83. Ыг тӏэ̄ссы на̄рәнгэ̄сы валгеэ̄сы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏэ̄ссы на̄рәнг-э̄сы валг-е-э̄сы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} DEM.F.PL.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} orange-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} juice-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}}-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
These oranges are juicy. | These oranges are juicy. | ||
84. | 84. Видинсы ырӣс цӏахеисы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вид-инсы ыр-ӣс цӏах-е-исы. | ||
| | |water.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} sea.ERG-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG salt-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}}-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Sea water is salty. | Sea water is salty. | ||
85. | 85. Ыг сӯкъӏуъсы бинквисы ынуъбиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сӯкъӏ-уъсы бинк-висы ын-уъбиъ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} street-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} full-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N person.ERG-INST.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The streets are full of people. | The streets are full of people. | ||
86. | 86. Шәкәрс тәъм гьвинаб бытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Шәкәр-с тәъм гьвинаб бытӏ. | ||
| | |sugar-ERG.SG taste sweet bear.IPFV.NPST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Sugar tastes sweet. | Sugar tastes sweet. | ||
87. | 87. Э̄кьәс шуӏӯър тӏипӏ бәртӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Э̄кь-әс шуӏӯър тӏипӏ бәртӏ. | ||
| | |fire-ERG.SG feeling hot bear.IPFV.NPST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The fire feels hot. | The fire feels hot. | ||
88. | 88. Гӯ кывырг ита̄нтӏкьи эве. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ кыв-рг ита̄нтӏ-кьи эв-е. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} girl-DIM do.IPFV.PST.F.SG-SUBJ one-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The little girl seemed lonely. | The little girl seemed lonely. | ||
89. | 89. Гӯ пӏыътӏсысы пӏуъкьӏыргәш мәла̄хуъсы гӯънтӏ эвэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ пӏыътӏсысы пӏуъкьӏ-рг-әш мәла̄х-уъсы гӯънтӏ эв-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} father-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} boy-DIM-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG sailor-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} be.PFV.PST.M.SG one-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The little boy's father had once been a sailor. | The little boy's father had once been a sailor. | ||
90. | 90. Ик ёргъ митиъ эхатӏ кор. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик ёргъ митиъ эхатӏ кор. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG blanket 1SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} throw.PFV.PST.F.SG lost | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I have lost my blanket. | I have lost my blanket. | ||
91. | 91. Гӯ руккьӏэ̄нәс тӏәниъз цэ̄вга̄винэ ивиркӏтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ руккьӏэ̄нәс тӏә-ниъз цэ̄вга̄винэ ивиркӏтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} robin-ERG.SG M-nest apple-tree-IN make.IPFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
A robin has built his nest in the | A robin has built his nest in the apple tree. | ||
92. | 92. Нә̄ъ ча̄ш ы̄витиъ пӏолосэ ттытӏ яйлэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нә̄ъ ча̄ш ы̄витиъ пӏолос-э ттытӏ яйл-э̄. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ERG lunch 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} roadside-LOC do.PFV.PST.N.SG noon-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
At noon we ate our lunch by the roadside. | At noon we ate our lunch by the roadside. | ||
93. | 93. Гӯ сәшшиды Гьофанәс тәлг тӏәпӏуъкьӏыргэ уъпӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ сәшшид-ы Гьофан-әс тәлг тӏә-пӏуъкьӏ-рг-э уъпӏытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} mister-ERG.SG Hofan-ERG.SG knife M-boy-DIM-DAT.SG make.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Mr. | Mr. Hofan made a knife for his little boy. | ||
94. | 94. Ыг во̄ккӏыс муъцӏэ̄сы биврэ̄сы дәркӏрә. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг во̄ккӏ-ыс муъцӏ-э̄сы бивр-э̄сы дәркӏрә. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} voice.ABS-ABS.PL happy-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F much-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F see.PFV.PASS.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Their voices sound very happy. | Their voices sound very happy. | ||
95. | 95. О̄минсы иснэ̄нсы гӯътӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |О̄м-инсы иснэ̄н-сы гӯътӏ-ма? | ||
| | |day-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} Monday-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} be.PFV.PRES.N.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Is today Monday? | Is today Monday? | ||
96. | 96. Тәшшәм виъсә̄с дыро̄әд сытӏнинтӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тәшш-әм виъс-ә̄с дыро̄-әд сытӏнинтӏ-ма? | ||
| | |leaf-ABS.PL all-ABS.PL.N tree.ERG-ABL go.PFV.PST.N.PL-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Have all the leaves fallen from the tree? | Have all the leaves fallen from the tree? | ||
97. | 97. Тӏви тӣтӏиъма рухъуг джәдвәле? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви тӣтӏиъ-ма рухъуг джәдвәле? | ||
| | |2SG.ABS do.PFV.FUT.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} ready timely | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Will you be ready on time? | Will you be ready on time? | ||
98. | 98. Ик вит сә сычӏ тӏвитӏ синттӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик вит сә сычӏ тӏвитӏ синттӏуъ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG CAUS.M DEM message 2SG.INST go.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Will you send this message for me? | Will you send this message for me? | ||
99. | 99. Тӏви мэ̄ мәнтӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви мэ̄ мәнтӏ-ма? | ||
| | |2SG.ABS 1SG.DAT wait.IPFV.NPST.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Are you waiting for me? | Are you waiting for me? | ||
100. | 100. Тӏәсы пӏӯв катыргуъсы тӏәвкӏәд иттӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏәсы пӏӯв кат-рг-уъсы тӏәвкӏ-әд иттӏ-ма? | ||
| | |DEM.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} first cat-DIM-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} litter-ABL be.IPFV.NPST.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Is this the first kitten of the litter? | Is this the first kitten of the litter? | ||
101. | 101. Тӏәссы мычэ̄сы мигъисы дуъсыгъисы тӏэ̄ гӯънинтӏма? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏәссы мыч-э̄сы мигъ-исы дуъсыгъ-исы тӏэ̄ гӯънинтӏ-ма? | ||
| | |DEM.N.PL.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} shoe-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} big-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N {too much}-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N 2SG.DAT be.PFV.PRES.N.PL-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Are these shoes too big for you? | Are these shoes too big for you? | ||
102. | 102. Ръӯе̄сы пӏинэ̄сы чӏӯ әттӏмай? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ръӯй-э̄сы пӏин-э̄сы чӏӯ әттӏ-май? | ||
| | |river-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} wide-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F {how much} be.IPFV.NPST.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
How wide is the River? | How wide is the River? | ||
103. | 103. О̄с дыкӏтӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |О̄с дыкӏтӏуъ. | ||
| | |ear.ABS see.IMP.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Listen. | Listen. | ||
104. | 104. Сәэ икми сицӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сә-э икми сицӏуъ. | ||
| | |DEM-LOC 1SG.COM sit.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Sit here by me. | Sit here by me. | ||
105. | 105. Сә къӏайл мукӏбыд тытӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сә къӏайл мукӏ-быд тытӏуъ. | ||
| | |DEM secret tomorrow-TERM bear.IMP.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Keep this secret until tomorrow. | Keep this secret until tomorrow. | ||
106. | 106. Нә̄ъми синттӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нә̄ъми синттӏуъ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.COM go.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Come with us. | Come with us. | ||
107. | 107. Вәт до̄ттӏэ̄с тӏвитиъ ю̄ъсми сәнтӏинтӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вәт до̄ттӏ-э̄с тӏвитиъ ю̄ъсми сәнтӏинтӏуъ. | ||
| | |CAUS.F friend-ABS.PL 2PL.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} 2PL.COM go.IMP.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Bring your friends with you. | Bring your friends with you. | ||
108. | 108. Тә̄тӏуъ лук. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тә̄тӏуъ лук. | ||
| | |do.IMP.F.SG careful | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Be careful. | Be careful. | ||
109. | 109. Чай кәм ытӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Чай кәм ытӏуъ. | ||
| | |tea some take.IMP.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Have some tea. | Have some tea. | ||
110. | 110. Ёгсы гьу тӏәкӏунсы хин до̄ттӏэ̄сы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ёг-сы гьу тӏә-кӏун-сы хин до̄ттӏ-э̄сы. | ||
| | |Yog-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} and M-dog.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} {{gcl|INT|intensive}} friend-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Yog and his dog were great friends. | |||
111. | 111. Нэрсэ̄сы гьу Маралсы бырэ̄тӏсысы гьу суъсысы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нэрс-э̄сы гьу Марал-сы бырэ̄тӏ-сысы гьу суъ-сысы. | ||
| | |Ners-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} and Maral-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} brother-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} and sister.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Ners and Maral are brother and sister. | |||
112. | 112. Тӏви гьу ми синтӏәнтӏиъ буъцэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви гьу ми синтӏәнтӏиъ буъц-э̄. | ||
| | |2SG.ABS and 1SG.ABS go.PFV.FUT.M.PL together-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
You and I will go together. | You and I will go together. | ||
113. | 113. Гӯ тӏәмс твә̄рыс гьу пәнджәрэ̄с виъсәм иттӏилинтӏ ппир. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏәмс твә̄р-ыс гьу пәнджәр-э̄с виъс-әм иттӏилинтӏ ппир. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} 3PL.M.ERG door.ABS-ABS.PL and window-ABS.PL all-ABS.PL.M put.IPFV.PST.M.PL open | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They opened all the doors and windows. | They opened all the doors and windows. | ||
114. | 114. Ыг тӏәсы бырэджәсы, мин ю̄ътӏ тӏы̄ътӏәсы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏәсы бырэдж-әсы, мин ю̄ътӏ тӏы̄ътӏ-әсы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.M.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} small-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M wait.INF needing strong-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He is small, but strong. | He is small, but strong. | ||
115. | 115. Сә дәр ккьонәсы би къӏа̄внсы ыъттӏмай? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сә дәр ккьон-әсы би къӏа̄вн-сы ыъттӏ-май? | ||
| | |DEM tree.ABS oak-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} or maple-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} be.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Is this tree an oak or a maple? | Is this tree an oak or a maple? | ||
116. | 116. А̄сма̄н кьә̄вкӏэ̄сы би пӏәжэ̄сы дәркӏтӏмай? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |А̄сма̄н кьә̄вкӏ-э̄сы би пӏәж-э̄сы дәркӏтӏ-май? | ||
| | |sky blue-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F or grey-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F see.PFV.PRES.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Does the sky look blue or grey? | Does the sky look blue or grey? | ||
117. | 117. Пӏыътӏсысы би мэ̄тӏсыми тӏо дэсинттӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Пӏыътӏ-сысы би мэ̄тӏ-сыми тӏо дэ-синттӏуъ. | ||
| | |mother-COM or father-COM 2SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} LAT-go.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Come with your father or mother. | Come with your father or mother. | ||
118. | 118. Иккы лъэгуъсы, мин ю̄ътӏ муъцӏәсы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Иккы лъэг-уъсы, мин ю̄ътӏ муъцӏ-әсы. | ||
| | |1SG.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} tired-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M wait.INF needing happy-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I am tired, but very happy. | I am tired, but very happy. | ||
119. | 119. Ыг тӏәм къӏэн тӏәлъейтӏэхъ пӏырәппыъвэхъ ыъкӏатӏ сокӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏәм къӏэн тӏә-лъейтӏ-эхъ пӏырәппыъ-вэхъ ыъкӏатӏ сокӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.M.ERG song M-flute-INST.SG wonderful-INST.SG.F say.PFV.PST.N.SG play | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He played a tune on his wonderful flute. | He played a tune on his wonderful flute. | ||
120. | 120. Августимбыд о̄мә̄ хин е мыкдэ акӏинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Август-имбыд о̄м-ә̄ хин е мык-дэ акӏинтӏ. | ||
| | |August-IN.TERM day-ABS.PL {{gcl|INT|intensive}} COMP short-LAT grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Toward the end of August the days grow much shorter. | Toward the end of August the days grow much shorter. | ||
121. | 121. Ыг ынкӏэрутивы чӏириә̄м тӏырӣгигъ гьу тӏуъмбыъндэ марш синтӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ынкӏэрутив-ы чӏири-ә̄м тӏырӣг-игъ гьу тӏуъмб-ыъндэ марш синтӏытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} company-ERG.SG soldier-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.PL meadow-TRANSL and hill-{{gcl|SUP|superessive}}.LAT march go.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
A company of soldiers marched across the meadow and over the hill. | A company of soldiers marched across the meadow and over the hill. | ||
122. | 122. Ыг пӏӯверәсы кьы̄тэ̄с джа̄ләбәсы биврәсы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг пӏӯв-ер-әсы кьы̄т-э̄с джа̄ләб-әсы бивр-әсы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} first-NZ-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} story-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} interesting-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M much-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The first part of the story is very interesting. | The first part of the story is very interesting. | ||
123. | 123. Ыг гъэдуъс экӏырг кәм а̄брэ̄зиндэ ттӏилнинтӏухъ вәд ләббыд ттӏилцы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг гъэд-уъс экӏ-рг кәм а̄брэ̄з-индэ ттӏилнинтӏ-ухъ вәд ләб-быд ттӏил-цы. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} crow-ERG.SG stone.ABS-DIM some pitcher-IN.LAT put.PFV.PST.M.PL-{{gcl|VALDEC|valency decreaser}} water.ABS brim-TERM put.INF-{{gcl|SIMUL|simultaneous}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The crow dropped some pebbles into the pitcher and raised the water to the brim. | The crow dropped some pebbles into the pitcher and raised the water to the brim. | ||
124. | 124. Ыг гӣнтт ццӏакисыбиъ ибә̄йтӏ екӏтӏ екӏцы муъцӏэ̄ | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг гӣнтт ццӏа-ки-сыбиъ ибә̄йтӏ екӏтӏ екӏ-цы муъцӏ-э̄ | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} baby F-hand-INST.PL hit.IPFV.PST.F.SG laughter.ABS say.INF-{{gcl|SIMUL|simultaneous}} happy-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee. | The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee. | ||
125. | 125. Ләб тӏвитиъ чӏәгьтӏуъ тӣды ниво̄ккӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ләб тӏвитиъ чӏәгьтӏуъ тӣ-ды ниво̄ккӏ. | ||
| | |game 2SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} stop.IMP.F.SG do.INF-CVB quiet | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Stop your game and be quiet. | Stop your game and be quiet. | ||
126. | 126. Ыг во̄ккӏ лӣдәмтиъ э̄нәкӏтӏ е кьӏа̄р кьӏа̄р. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг во̄ккӏ лӣд-әмтиъ э̄нәкӏтӏ е кьӏа̄р кьӏа̄р. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} sound.ABS drum-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.PL grow.IPFV.PST.F.SG COMP loud loud | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The sound of the drums grew louder and louder. | The sound of the drums grew louder and louder. | ||
127. | 127. Тӏӯъ мар би киъм ттӏилтӏмай джо̄ш? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏӯъ мар би киъм ттӏилтӏ-май джо̄ш? | ||
| | |2SG.ERG summer.ABS or winter put.IPFV.NPST.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} prefer | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Do you like summer or winter better? | Do you like summer or winter better? | ||
128. | 128. Сә пӏуъкьӏәс е̄н пӏырәппыъ ттитӏиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сә пӏуъкьӏ-әс е̄н пӏырәппыъ ттитӏиъ. | ||
| | |DEM boy-ERG.SG trip wonderful do.PFV.FUT.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
That boy will have a wonderful trip. | That boy will have a wonderful trip. | ||
129. | 129. Гӯ тӏәмс попкор упӏытӏ харэкӏигъ сидды пӏа̄ккӏ тӣды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏәмс попкор упӏытӏ харэкӏ-игъ сид-ды пӏа̄ккӏ тӣ-ды. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} 3PL.M.ERG popcorn make.PFV.PST.M.SG campfire-TRANSL sit.INF-CVB food do.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They popped corn, and then sat around the fire and ate it. | They popped corn, and then sat around the fire and ate it. | ||
130. | 130. Гӯ нәджә̄гь пӏӯв двә̄ ләбӣъ гӯънтӏ мин ю̄ътӏ киттӣъ римытӏ фәшил. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ нәджә̄гь пӏӯв двә̄ ләб-ӣъ гӯънтӏ мин ю̄ътӏ китт-ӣъ римытӏ фәшил. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} success first two game-DAT.SG be.PFV.PST.M.SG wait.INF needing last-DAT.SG.F lie.PFV.PST.M.SG fail | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They won the first two games, but lost the last one. | They won the first two games, but lost the last one. | ||
131. | 131. Ми нэкӏытӏ дэ̄гэр әвшэ̄, виттӏ тӣды шӣбэ̄, мартӣъ уъпӏэсинтӏды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми нэкӏытӏ дэ̄гэр әвш-э̄, виттӏ тӣ-ды шӣб-э̄, март-ӣъ уъпӏэ-синтӏды. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS grow.PFV.PST.M.SG wake early-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} clothing.ABS do.INF-CVB hasty-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} breakfast-DAT.SG {{gcl|SUB|subessive}}-go.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I awoke early, dressed hastily, and went down to breakfast. | I awoke early, dressed hastily, and went down to breakfast. | ||
132. | 132. Сә минтӏырг әмтӏуъ, вәт мэ̄тӏсәрдэ тӏо синтӏды, быдекӏчӏэ минды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сә минтӏырг әмтӏуъ, вәт мэ̄тӏсәр-дэ тӏо синтӏ-ды, быдекӏчӏ-э мин-ды. | ||
| | |DEM note take.IMP.F.SG CAUS.F mother-LAT 2SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} go.INF-CVB answer-DAT.SG wait.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Take this note, carry it to your mother; and wait for an answer. | Take this note, carry it to your mother; and wait for an answer. | ||
133. | 133. А̄! Ик вэрисәр тӏэ̄ ттӏилтӏ! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |А̄! Ик вэрисәр тӏэ̄ ттӏилтӏ! | ||
| | |ah 1SG.ERG prisoner 2SG.DAT put.PFV.PRES.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Aha! I have caught you! | Aha! I have caught you! | ||
134. | 134. Ыг сә тӏинкьӏәсы мыквисы дуъсыгъисы! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сә тӏинкьӏ-әсы мык-висы дуъсыгъ-исы! | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} DEM string-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} short-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N {too much}-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
This string is too short! | This string is too short! | ||
135. | 135. О̄! Э̄н варӣъ мәс әдбыътӏ! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |О̄! Э̄н вар-ӣъ мәс әд-быътӏ! | ||
| | |woe wind.ABS hat-DAT.SG 1SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} ABL-say.IPFV.NPST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Oh, dear! | Oh, dear! The wind has blown my hat away! | ||
136. | 136. О̄! Гӯ сә хабарсы хин дуъттӏо̄всы! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |О̄! Гӯ сә хабар-сы хин дуъттӏо̄-всы! | ||
| | |woe {{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} DEM news-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} {{gcl|INT|intensive}} sad-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Alas! that news is sad indeed! | Alas! that news is sad indeed! | ||
137. | 137. Ухх! Сә э̄нмы гырәс уът ӣъс а̄сӣ мәс акӏтӏ! | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ухх! Сә э̄нм-ы гыр-әс уът ӣъс а̄с-ӣ мәс акӏтӏ! | ||
| | |whew DEM wind.ERG-ERG.SG cold-ERG.SG. CAUS.N ice nose.ERG-DAT.SG 1SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} grow.PFV.PRES.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Whew! that cold wind freezes my nose! | Whew! that cold wind freezes my nose! | ||
138. | 138. Тӏӯъсы тӏипӏвэ̄сы биврэ̄сы га̄йтӏма нӯъ? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏӯъсы тӏипӏ-вэ̄сы бивр-э̄сы га̄йтӏ-ма нӯъ? | ||
| | |2SG.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} warm-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F much-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F be.PFV.PRES.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} now | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Are you warm enough now? | Are you warm enough now? | ||
139. | 139. Гӯ тӏәмс о̄с бӯчерэ дыкӏытӏ эппӏэ̄ дуъсыгъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏәмс о̄с бӯчер-э дыкӏытӏ эппӏ-э̄ дуъсыгъ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} 3PL.M.ERG ear.ABS warning-DAT.SG see.PFV.PST.N.SG late-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} {too much} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They heard the warning too late. | They heard the warning too late. | ||
140. | 140. Нә̄ъсы ынуъсы майрәсы, гьуъпп до̄лӣъ нә̄ъм ттӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нә̄ъсы ын-уъсы майр-әсы, гьуъпп до̄л-ӣъ нә̄ъм ттӏытӏ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} person.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} brave-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M love country-DAT.SG 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} put.IPFV.NPST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We are a brave people, and love our country. | We are a brave people, and love our country. | ||
141. | 141. Гӯ тӏыъкӏыс виъсә̄с итӏэр Замил сытӏнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏыъкӏ-ыс виъс-ә̄с итӏэр Замил сытӏнинтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} children-ABS.PL all-ABS.PL.N except Zamil LAT-go.PFV.PST.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
All the children came except | All the children came except Zamil. | ||
142. | 142. Ыг Дачиъс экӏыргиныс ххыминӣ имнинтӏ лэджиндэ ӣхды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг Дач-иъс экӏ-рг-иныс ххым-инӣ имнинтӏ лэдж-индэ ӣх-ды. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} Dach-ERG.SG stone.ABS-DIM-ABS.PL handful.ERG-DAT.SG take.PFV.PST.M.PL lake.ERG-IN.LAT throw.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Dach seized a handful of pebbles and threw them into the lake. | |||
143. | 143. Ыг сә дә̄мрг тӏуъмбэ нӯъкӏэ итӏа̄тӏ, виъкӏәд хин тӏакӏәд. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг сә дә̄м-рг тӏуъмб-э нӯъкӏ-э итӏа̄тӏ, виъкӏ-әд хин тӏакӏ-әд. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} DEM house.ABS-DIM hill-LOC low-LOC stand.IPFV.PST.F.SG, village.ERG-ABL {{gcl|INT|intensive}} far-ABL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
This cottage stood on a low hill, at some distance from the village. | This cottage stood on a low hill, at some distance from the village. | ||
144. | 144. Ыг кӏӣчӏинэ мэнис висинэ двә̄ пӏыгъанер туърәд тӏәдинис исидинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг кӏӣчӏ-инэ мэ-нис вис-инэ двә̄ пӏыгъан-ер туър-әд тӏә-дин-ис исидинтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} evening-IN summer.ERG-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG good-IN two old-NZ door.ERG-ABL M-house.ERG-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG sit.IPFV.PST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
On a fine | On a fine summer evening, the two old people were sitting outside the door of their cottage. | ||
145. | 145. Ниминсы әвӣс нә̄ъм Багбушшэ̄сы. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ним-инсы әв-ӣс нә̄ъм Багбушш-э̄сы. | ||
| | |name.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} bird-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} Barbush-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Our bird's name is | Our bird's name is Barbush. | ||
146. | 146. Гӯ ръӯе̄ пӏырого̄м ырдэ виъцӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ръӯй-э̄ пӏырого̄м ыр-дэ виъцӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} river-ERG.SG way sea.ERG-LAT know.IPFV.NPST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The river knows the way to the sea. | The river knows the way to the sea. | ||
147. | 147. Гӯ нэ̄ э̄нерә̄, әвиъсы пӏэкк ттәнцӏэ̄сы, әдсәнттӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ нэ̄ э̄нер-ә̄, әв-иъсы пӏэкк ттәнцӏ-э̄сы, әд-сәнттӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} boat.ABS sail-INST.SG bird-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} wing do.PFV.NPST.PTCP-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F ABL-go.PFV.PRES.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The boat sails away, like a bird on the wing. | The boat sails away, like a bird on the wing. | ||
148. | 148. Гӯ игъукӏукӏунтӏухъ лукэ̄, нер диркӏди. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ игъ-укӏукӏунтӏ-ухъ лук-э̄, нер диркӏ-ди. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} TRANSL-see.IPFV.PST.M.PL-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}} cautious-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} none see.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They looked cautiously about, but saw nothing. | They looked cautiously about, but saw nothing. | ||
149. | 149. Ыг диныргс тӏырӣ од, од сидчӏитиъ, од суъпитиъ, кӏухын цци, ибринтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг дин-рг-с тӏырӣ од, од сид-чӏ-итиъ, од суъп-итиъ, кӏухын цци, ибринтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} house.ERG-DIM-ERG.SG three room room sit-GER-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG room sleep.ABS-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG kitchen tiny bear.IPFV.NPST.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The little house had three rooms, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a tiny kitchen. | The little house had three rooms, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a tiny kitchen. | ||
150. | 150. Ы̄в виъкӏэ бырэ̄тӏръис пӏыътӏръис мәс, виъкӏэ бәч мигъ бы̄ъмнис, игъсинтӏнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ы̄в виъкӏ-э бырэ̄тӏ-ръис пӏыътӏ-ръис мәс, виъкӏ-э бәч мигъ бы̄ъм-нис, игъ-синтӏнинтӏ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ABS village.ERG-LOC brother-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG father-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG 1SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} village.ERG-LOC {{gcl|SUP|superlative}} large world-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG TRANSL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world. | We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world. | ||
151. | 151. Вӣ нойер вӣцӏгьэ о̄мо̄м. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вӣ ной-ер вӣцӏ-гьэ о̄мо̄м. | ||
| | |1INCL.ERG new-NZ know.IPFV.NPST.M.SG-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}} daily | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We learn something new each day. | We learn something new each day. | ||
152. | 152. Ба̄за̄р нӯтӏ та̄нтӏ е әвшэ̄ пӏукӏ минуте. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ба̄за̄р нӯтӏ та̄нтӏ е әвш-э̄ пӏукӏ минут-е. | ||
| | |market start.IPFV.NPST.F.SG do.IPFV.NPST.F.SG COMP early-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} five minute-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The market begins five minutes earlier this week. | The market begins five minutes earlier this week. | ||
153. | 153. Мәнзил тӏэ̄ гӯънтӏма мигъ дуъсыгъ? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Мәнзил тӏэ̄ гӯънтӏ-ма мигъ дуъсыгъ? | ||
| | |distance 2SG.DAT be.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.{{gcl|POL|polar}} big {too much} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Did you find the distance too great? | Did you find the distance too great? | ||
154. | 154. Тӏыъкӏыс, сытӏинтӏуъ иъшш. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏыъкӏ-ыс, сытӏинтӏуъ иъшш. | ||
| | |children-ABS.PL go.IMP.N.PL run | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Hurry, children. | Hurry, children. | ||
155. | 155. Авър, ик эттэз тӏвитиъ ттитӏиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Авър, ик эттэз тӏвитиъ ттитӏиъ. | ||
| | |madam 1SG.ERG command 2SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} do.PFV.FUT.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Madam, I will obey your command. | Madam, I will obey your command. | ||
156. | 156. Гӯ сәэ дыро̄уъпӏэ тӏәмс пӏуръ пӏырәппыъ сэпәнджэ̄мәс ттутӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ сә-э дыро̄-уъпӏэ тӏәмс пӏуръ пӏырәппыъ сэпәндж-э̄мәс ттутӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} DEM-LOC tree.ERG-{{gcl|SUB|subessive}} 3PL.M.ERG feast splendid guest-DAT.PL give.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Here under this tree they gave their guests a splendid feast. | Here under this tree they gave their guests a splendid feast. | ||
157. | 157. Киъм ми нукӏтӏәд тӏа̄тӏгьэ та̄нтӏ, виттӏ ра̄ъисс шәъмис сарӣъ тӣды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Киъм ми нукӏтӏ-әд тӏа̄тӏ-гьэ та̄нтӏ, виттӏ ра̄йъ-исс шәъм-ис сар-ӣъ тӣ-ды. | ||
| | |winter-TRANSL 1SG.ABS night.ERG-ABL stand.IPFV.NPST.F.SG-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}} do.IPFV.NPST.F.SG clothing light-INST.SG candle-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG yellow-INST.SG.M do.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
In winter I get up at night, and dress by yellow candlelight. | In winter I get up at night, and dress by yellow candlelight. | ||
158. | 158. Киттер кьы̄тэ̄тиъ двиъекӏтӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Китт-ер кьы̄т-э̄тиъ двиъ-екӏтӏуъ. | ||
| | |last-NZ story-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG re-say.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Tell the last part of that story again. | Tell the last part of that story again. | ||
159. | 159. Тӣтӏуъ тӏукӏэ̄ нитӣды эппӏэ̄ дуъсыгъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӣтӏуъ тӏукӏ-э̄ ни-тӣ-ды эппӏ-э̄ дуъсыгъ. | ||
| | |do.IMP.M.SG fast-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} NEG-do.INF-CVB late-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} {too much} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Be quick or you will be too late. | Be quick or you will be too late. | ||
160. | 160. Тӏви нә̄ъми сәнтӏитӏиъмай би сәэ мәнитӏиъмай? | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏви нә̄ъми сәнтӏитӏиъ-май би сә-э мәнитӏиъ-май? | ||
| | |2SG.ABS 1EXCL.COM go.PFV.FUT.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} or DEM-LOC wait.PFV.FUT.F.SG-Q.{{gcl|MED|mediative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Will you go with us or wait here? | Will you go with us or wait here? | ||
161. | 161. Ыг тӏә̄сы нәмыргэ̄сы, руънэ̄сы, о̄мыэ гарэ хин нигэнэ̄сы, йәттӏ я̄вэ̄д. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏә̄сы нәмырг-э̄сы, руън-э̄сы, о̄м-ы-э гар-э хин ни-гэн-э̄сы, йәттӏ я̄вэ̄д. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.F.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} shabby-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F ragged-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F day-ERG.PL-LOC cold-LOC {{gcl|INT|intensive}} NEG-comfortable-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F be.IPFV.PST.F.SG always | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
She was always, shabby, often ragged, and on cold days very uncomfortable. | She was always, shabby, often ragged, and on cold days very uncomfortable. | ||
162. | 162. Вӣцӏуъухъ пӏӯвэ̄, тӣтӏуъ ттым. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вӣцӏуъ-ухъ пӏӯв-э̄, тӣтӏуъ ттым. | ||
| | |know.IMP.M.SG-{{gcl|VALDEC|valency decreaser}} first-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} do.IMP.M.SG then | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Think first and then act. | Think first and then act. | ||
163. | 163. Ми, кӏӣныргэ̄сы кывәсы, кӏуссыънэ пәнджәрдэ тӏа̄нтӏ, ппӏәрэ̄с нӯкктиъ уъпӏтӏэйәнцӏэ̄с диркӏгьэды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми, кӏӣн-рг-э̄сы кыв-әсы, кӏусс-ыънэ пәнджәр-дэ тӏа̄нтӏ, ппӏәр-э̄с нӯкк-тиъ уъпӏтӏэ-йәнцӏ-э̄с диркӏ-гьэ-ды. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS mite-DIM-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} girl-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} chair-{{gcl|SUP|superessive}} window-LAT stand.PFV.PST.F.SG seed-ABS.PL snow.ABS-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG {{gcl|SUB|subessive}}.LAT-go.IPFV.NPST.PTCP-ABS.PL.F see.INF-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}}-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I stood, a little mite of a girl, upon a chair by the window, and watched the falling snowflakes. | I stood, a little mite of a girl, upon a chair by the window, and watched the falling snowflakes. | ||
164. | 164. Сӯъй митиъ, вит сэпәнджэ̄с сә кӏавкӏыс диркӏинтӏуъ сәта̄рӣхис әхӯмәш екӏды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сӯъй митиъ, вит сэпәндж-э̄с сә кӏавкӏ-ыс диркӏинтӏуъ сә-та̄рӣх-ис әхӯм-әш екӏ-ды. | ||
| | |son 1SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} CAUS.M guest-ABS.PL DEM shell-ABS.PL see.IMP.M.PL N-history-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG strange-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG.M say.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Show the guests these shells, my son, and tell them their strange history. | Show the guests these shells, my son, and tell them their strange history. | ||
165. | 165. Бәч висербыд нигӯътӏуъ тӏыпӏтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Бәч вис-ер-быд ни-гӯътӏуъ тӏыпӏтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|SUP|superlative}} good-NZ-TERM NEG-be.IMP.M.SG satisfied | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Be satisfied with nothing but your best. | Be satisfied with nothing but your best. | ||
166. | 166. Нә̄ъ тӏэ̄ до̄ттӏэ̄сы ӏәмӣнәсы ы̄витиъ диркӏинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нә̄ъ тӏэ̄ до̄ттӏ-э̄сы ӏәмӣн-әсы ы̄витиъ диркӏинтӏ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ERG 3PL.M.ABS friend-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} loyal-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} see.PFV.PRES.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We consider them our faithful friends. | We consider them our faithful friends. | ||
167. | 167. Вӣ дә̄м сә джа̄гӣ опӏитӏиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вӣ дә̄м сә джа̄г-ӣ опӏитӏиъ. | ||
| | |1INCL.ERG house.ABS DEM place-INST.SG make.PFV.FUT.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We will make this place our home. | We will make this place our home. | ||
168. | 168. Гӯ санджа̄бэ̄с ццӏаниъзәм муъръэ̄с гьу тәшшэ̄с тӣнтӏ тӏипӏ гьу гэн. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ санджа̄б-э̄с ццӏа-ниъз-әм муъръ-э̄с гьу тәшш-э̄с тӣнтӏ тӏипӏ гьу гэн. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} squirrel-ERG.PL F-nest-ABS.PL moss-INST.PL and leaf-INST.PL do.PFV.PRES.M.PL warm and comfortable | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The squirrels make their nests warm and snug with soft moss and leaves. | The squirrels make their nests warm and snug with soft moss and leaves. | ||
169. | 169. Гӯ кывыргәс коч витӯъргтиъ уъпӏытӏ эвэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ кыв-рг-әс коч витӯърг-тиъ уъпӏытӏ эв-э̄. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} girl-DIM-ERG.SG dress doll-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG make.PFV.PST.N.SG one-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The little girl made the doll's dress herself. | The little girl made the doll's dress herself. | ||
170. | 170. Ик пӏӣм сӣ ллытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик пӏӣм сӣ ллытӏ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG pain REFL.DAT put.PFV.PST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I hurt myself. | I hurt myself. | ||
171. | 171. Би иба̄тӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Би иба̄тӏ. | ||
| | |REFL.ABS say.IPFV.PST.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
She was talking to herself. | She was talking to herself. | ||
172. | 172. Ыг тӏәм цайц ӏәмӣнәсы упӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏәм цайц ӏәмӣн-әсы упӏытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.M.ERG proof trustworthy-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M make.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He proved himself trustworthy. | He proved himself trustworthy. | ||
173. | 173. Нә̄ъ би видәд дәркӏнинтӏыъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Нә̄ъ би вид-әд дәркӏнинтӏ-ыъ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ERG REFL.ABS water-ABL see.PFV.PST.F.PL-{{gcl|ABIL|abilitative}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We could see ourselves in the water. | We could see ourselves in the water. | ||
174. | 174. Тӣтӏуъ эвэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӣтӏуъ эв-э̄. | ||
| | |do.IMP.M.SG one-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Do it yourself. | Do it yourself. | ||
175. | 175. Ик иъгь сӣ тытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик иъгь сӣ тытӏ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG shame REFL.DAT bear.PFV.PRES.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I feel ashamed of myself. | I feel ashamed of myself. | ||
176. | 176. Сәэ сицӏуъ эвэ̄. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Сә-э сицӏуъ эв-э̄. | ||
| | |DEM-LOC sit.IMP.M.SG one-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Sit here by yourself. | Sit here by yourself. | ||
177. | 177. Ыг кочс вицәпуръыргәш накъш выдэ̄сы, бо̄шшәсы бә̄внеиси до̄лэ̄с, ттӏилтӏә. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг коч-с вицәпуръ-рг-әш накъш выд-э̄сы, бо̄шш-әсы бә̄вн-е-иси до̄л-э̄с, ттӏилтӏә. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} dress-ERG.SG princess-DIM-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} embroidery rose-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} flower-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} homeland-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}}-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N country-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} put.PFV.PASS.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country. | The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country. | ||
178. | 178. Ыг варэ̄с рутэ̄с, нӣш дәрруътиъ, ыъндэбо̄гнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг варэ̄с рут-э̄с, нӣш дәрр-уътиъ, ыъндэ-бо̄гнинтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} cap-ABS.PL red-ABS.PL.F symbol liberty-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG {{gcl|SUP|superessive}}.LAT-use.PST.PFV.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They wore red caps, the symbol of liberty. | They wore red caps, the symbol of liberty. | ||
179. | 179. Тӏәми сакъӏисы, нә̄ъ бэ̄ къэрымӣ нибытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏәми сакъӏ-исы, нә̄ъ бэ̄ къэрым-ӣ ни-бытӏ. | ||
| | |3SG.M.COM guardian-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} 1EXCL.ERG fear danger-DAT.SG NEG-bear.IPFV.NPST.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
With him as our protector, we fear no danger. | With him as our protector, we fear no danger. | ||
180. | 180. Гӯ ццӏахханер виъс; дантӏэлыс, сэритӏыс, пӏәрнәм; сандӯкъиндэ ттӏилнинтӏ ррэкь. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ццӏа-ххан-ер виъс; дантӏэл-ыс, сэритӏ-ыс, пӏәрн-әм; сандӯкъ-индэ ттӏилнинтӏ ррэкь. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} F-valuable-NZ all lace-ABS.PL ribbon-ABS.PL feather-ABS.PL trunk-IN.LAT put.PFV.PST.M.PL crowded | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
All her finery, lace, ribbons, and feathers, was packed away in a trunk. | All her finery, lace, ribbons, and feathers, was packed away in a trunk. | ||
181. | 181. Гӯ тӏәм луквэ̄сы, пӏәрнәсы, дәркӏытӏухъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏәм лук-вэ̄сы, пӏәрн-әсы, дәркӏытӏ-ухъ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} 3SG.M.ERG lightweight-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F feather-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} see.PFV.PST.F.SG-{{gcl|VALDEC|valency decreaser}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Light he thought her, like a feather. | Light he thought her, like a feather. | ||
182. | 182. Виръинэ гьу ссыъсинэ угь, хисыъмыс ы̄витиъ нә̄ъс игъӣнтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Виръ-инэ гьу ссыъс-инэ угь, хисыъм-ыс ы̄витиъ нә̄ъс игъ-ӣнтӏ. | ||
| | |spring.ERG-IN and autumn.ERG-IN each cousin-ABS.PL 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} 1EXCL.DAT TRANSL-go.IPFV.NPST.M.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Every | Every spring and fall our cousins pay us a long visit. | ||
183. | 183. Ыг ӏикълӣмэ нә̄ъм тӏын киъмыънэ мытӏ голл. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ӏикълӣм-э нә̄ъм тӏын киъм-ыънэ мытӏ голл. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} climate-LOC 1EXCL.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} grass winter-{{gcl|SUP|superessive}} wait.IPFV.NPST.N.SG green | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
In our climate the grass remains green all winter. | In our climate the grass remains green all winter. | ||
184. | 184. Ыг пӏуъкьӏ китә̄б игъимды әдсинтӏытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг пӏуъкьӏ китә̄б игъ-им-ды әд-синтӏытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} boy book TRANSL-take.INF-CVB ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The boy who brought the book has gone. | The boy who brought the book has gone. | ||
185. | 185. Тӏәссы бо̄шшәсы тӏӯъ гьар екӏ гӯънтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏәссы бо̄шш-әсы тӏӯъ гьар екӏ гӯънтӏ. | ||
| | |3PL.N.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} flower-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} 2SG.ERG request say.INF-CVB be.PFV.PRES.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
These are the flowers that you ordered. | These are the flowers that you ordered. | ||
186. | 186. Ик китә̄б тӏви мэ̄ дӯды ӣхатӏ кор. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик китә̄б тӏви мэ̄ дӯ-ды ӣхатӏ кор. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG book 2SG.ABS 1SG.DAT give.INF-CVB throw.PFV.PST.M.SG lost | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I have lost the book that you gave me. | I have lost the book that you gave me. | ||
187. | 187. Гӯ гьуъсәр нэ̄ тирды тәкъа̄з мухӣ якӏатӏ нӯъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ гьуъсәр нэ̄ тир-ды тәкъа̄з мух-ӣ якӏатӏ нӯъ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} fisherman-ERG.SG boat.ABS bear.INF-CVB demand pay-DAT.SG say.PFV.PST.F.SG now | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The fisherman who owned the boat now demanded payment. | The fisherman who owned the boat now demanded payment. | ||
188. | 188. Дэсинттӏуъ тӏви дэекӏгьэды ттым. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Дэ-синттӏуъ тӏви дэ-екӏ-гьэ-ды ттым. | ||
| | |LAT-go.IMP.M.SG 2SG.ABS LAT-say.INF-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}}-CVB when | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Come when you are called. | Come when you are called. | ||
189. | 189. Ми динэ ыб тӣссәды минитӏиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми дин-э ыб тӣ-ссә-ды минитӏиъ. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS house.ERG-LOC rain.ABS do.INF-COND-CVB stay.PFV.FUT.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I shall stay at home if it rains. | I shall stay at home if it rains. | ||
190. | 190. Ыг тӏәм ми диркӏцы чӏигьытӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏәм ми диркӏ-цы чӏигьытӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.M.ERG 1SG.ABS see.INF-{{gcl|SIMUL|simultaneous}} stop.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
When he saw me, he stopped. | When he saw me, he stopped. | ||
191. | 191. Мӣ екӏтӏ мэ̄ ккӏӯнәсэ хин далгынэ быдякӏтӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Мӣ екӏтӏ мэ̄ ккӏӯнәс-э хин далгын-э быд-якӏтӏуъ. | ||
| | |PROH laughter.ABS 1SG.DAT see.IPFV.PASS.PTCP-DAT.SG {{gcl|INT|intensive}} pensive-DAT.SG.M TERM-say.IMP.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Do not laugh at me because I seem so absent minded. | Do not laugh at me because I seem so absent minded. | ||
192. | 192. Ик пӏӯх китә̄бнӣ тӏо ю̄ътӏәш ттутӏиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик пӏӯх китә̄б-нӣ тӏо ю̄ътӏ-әш ттутӏиъ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG loan book-DAT.PL 2SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} needing-{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}.SG.M give.PFV.FUT.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I shall lend you the books that you need. | I shall lend you the books that you need. | ||
193. | 193. Иснэ̄нэ әвшэ тӣыъссәды дэсәнттӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Иснэ̄н-э әвш-э тӣ-ыъ-ссә-ды дэ-сәнттӏуъ. | ||
| | |Monday-LOC early-LOC do.INF-{{gcl|ABIL|abilitative}}-COND-CVB LAT-go.IMP.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Come early next Monday if you can. | Come early next Monday if you can. | ||
194. | 194. Кӏоридорэ дэсинтӏссәды әвшэ̄ минтӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Кӏоридор-э дэ-синтӏ-ссә-ды әвш-э̄ минтӏуъ. | ||
| | |hall-LOC LAT-go.INF-COND-CVB early-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} wait.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
If you come early, wait in the hall. | If you come early, wait in the hall. | ||
195. | 195. Ик бырэ̄тӏсәр е тӏәрн ниминсы Къогайсы ибиртӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик бырэ̄тӏсәр е тӏәрн ним-инсы Къогай-сы ибиртӏ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG brother COMP young name.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} Qogay-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} bear.IPFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I had a younger brother whose name was | I had a younger brother whose name was Qogay. | ||
196. | 196. Та̄чәсы ынуъсы бырэджәсы буътнуъпӏигъ гӯъды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Та̄ч-әсы ын-уъсы бырэдж-әсы буътн-уъпӏигъ гӯъ-ды. | ||
| | |gnome-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} person.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} small-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M ground.ERG-{{gcl|SUB|subessive}}.TRANSL be.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Gnomes are little men who live under the ground. | Gnomes are little men who live under the ground. | ||
197. | 197. Ыг тӏәм гьуъпп виъсерэ ттӏытӏә, хӯ синг тӏәтирды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏәм гьуъпп виъс-ер-э ттӏытӏә, хӯ синг тӏә-тир-ды. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.M.ERG love all-NZ-DAT.SG put.PFV.PASS.N.SG disposition gentle M-bear.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He is loved by everybody, because he has a gentle disposition. | He is loved by everybody, because he has a gentle disposition. | ||
198. | 198. Икӏ ми синтӏцы иъшш вар имцы тиртӏуъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Икӏ ми синтӏ-цы иъшш вар им-цы тиртӏуъ. | ||
| | |horse.ABS 1SG.ABS go.INF-{{gcl|SIMUL|simultaneous}} run cap take.INF-{{gcl|SIMUL|simultaneous}} bear.IMP.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Hold the horse while I run and get my cap. | Hold the horse while I run and get my cap. | ||
199. | 199. Ик гьәълкъ ӣхды кор дәркӏтӏгьэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ик гьәълкъ ӣх-ды кор дәркӏтӏ-гьэ. | ||
| | |1SG.ERG ring throw.INF-CVB lose see.PFV.PRES.F.SG-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I have found the ring I lost. | I have found the ring I lost. | ||
200. | 200. Екӏтӏуъ сокӏ, ик къӏэн ыъкӏэтӏиъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Екӏтӏуъ сокӏ, ик къӏэн ыъкӏэтӏиъ. | ||
| | |say.IMP.M.SG play 1SG.ERG song say.PFV.FUT.N.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Play and I will sing. | Play and I will sing. | ||
201. | 201. Тӏә̄сы кьы̄тэ̄сы бәч кьӏачӏэ̄сы ик диркӏды нӯъ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Тӏә̄сы кьы̄т-э̄сы бәч кьӏачӏ-э̄сы ик диркӏ-ды нӯъ. | ||
| | |3SG.F.{{gcl|EQ|equative}} story-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} {{gcl|SUP|superlative}} funny-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F 1SG.ERG see.INF-CVB yet | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
That is the funniest story I ever heard. | That is the funniest story I ever heard. | ||
202. | 202. Ыг биркэ̄сы ццӏабырэ̄тӏръӣ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг бирк-э̄сы ццӏа-бырэ̄тӏ-ръӣ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} tall-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F F-brother-DAT.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
She is taller than her brother. | She is taller than her brother. | ||
203. | 203. Ыг ни е ве̄тӏәсы нә̄с. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг ни е ве̄тӏ-әсы нә̄с. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} NEG COMP wise-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M 1INCL.DAT | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
They are no wiser than we. | They are no wiser than we. | ||
204. | 204. Ра̄йъ синттӏ е тӏукӏэ̄ воккӏӣ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ра̄йъ синттӏ е тӏукӏ-э̄ воккӏ-ӣ. | ||
| | |light go.PFV.PRES.M.SG COMP fast-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} sound.ERG-DAT.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Light travels faster than sound. | Light travels faster than sound. | ||
205. | 205. Вӣ зәм е мигъәсы тӏэ̄мәс тиртӏ | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Вӣ зәм е мигъ-әсы тӏэ̄мәс тиртӏ | ||
| | |1INCL.ERG time COMP big-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M 3PL.M.DAT bear.PFV.PRES.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We have more time than they. | We have more time than they. | ||
206. | 206. Гӯ тӏә̄м до̄ттӏэ̄с е мигъэ̄сы дошмәнымәс тәринтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ тӏә̄м до̄ттӏ-э̄с е мигъ-э̄сы дошмән-ымәс тәринтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} 3SG.F.ERG friend-ABS.PL COMP big-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.F enemy-DAT.PL bear.PFV.PRES.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
She has more friends than enemies. | She has more friends than enemies. | ||
207. | 207. Ыг муккӏэ̄неәсы биврәсы гӯънтӏ, тӏәпӏыъкчӏиъми гьу тӏәтӏыъкӏми диныргигъ нӯъкӏигъ ортәсы гьу әсәнгәсы гӯънтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг муккӏэ̄не-әсы бивр-әсы гӯънтӏ, тӏә-пӏыъкчӏ-иъми гьу тӏә-тӏыъкӏ-ми дин-рг-игъ нӯъкӏ-игъ орт-әсы гьу әсәнг-әсы гӯънтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} poor-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M much-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.M be.PFV.PST.M.SG M-wife-COM and M-children-COM house.ERG-DIM-TRANSL low-TRANSL log-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} and stone.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} be.PFV.PST.M.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He was very poor, and with his wife and five children lived in a little low cabin of logs and stones. | He was very poor, and with his wife and five children lived in a little low cabin of logs and stones. | ||
208. | 208. Э̄н екӏды ттым, е̄нчӏа̄сәр сар тӏәпаймо̄знӣ ллытӏ пӏыэ̄ тӏәмдэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Э̄н екӏ-ды ттым, е̄н-чӏа̄сәр сар тӏә-паймо̄з-нӣ ллытӏ пӏы-э̄ тӏәм-дэ. | ||
| | |wind.ABS say.INF-CVB when travel-AG wrap M-mantle-DAT.SG put.PFV.PST.N.SG close-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} 3SG.M.ERG-LAT | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
When the wind blew, the traveler wrapped his mantle more closely around him. | When the wind blew, the traveler wrapped his mantle more closely around him. | ||
209. | 209. Ми ым синтӏды вӣцӏ кӏыриъчч. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми ым синтӏ-ды вӣцӏ кӏыриъчч. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS 1INCL.ABS go.INF-CVB know.PFV.PRES.M.SG certain | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I am sure that we can go. | I am sure that we can go. | ||
210. | 210. Ы̄в джа̄гдэ вӣ выдэ̄с диркӏды двиъсәнтӏнинтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ы̄в джа̄г-дэ вӣ выд-э̄с диркӏ-ды двиъ-сәнтӏнинтӏ. | ||
| | |1EXCL.ABS place-LAT 1INCL.ERG rose-ABS.PL see.INF-CVB re-go.PFV.PST.F.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
We went back to the place where we saw the roses. | We went back to the place where we saw the roses. | ||
211. | 211. Па̄гцӏа̄сәр кӏо «Сә дыро̄всы биркисы двә̄ виъгьы дикӏы футеисы.» | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Па̄г-цӏа̄сәр кӏо «Сә дыро̄-всы бирк-исы двә̄ виъгьы дикӏы фут-е-исы.» | ||
| | |garden-AG {{gcl|REP|reportatve}}.F DEM tree.ERG-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} tall-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N two twenty ten foot-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}}-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
"This tree is fifty feet high," said the gardener. | "This tree is fifty feet high," said the gardener. | ||
212. | 212. Ми вӣдухъды сә пӏайс әдсинтӏитӏиъ о̄мэ̄ әвшэ̄ пӏукӏ минуте. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми вӣд-ухъ-ды сә пӏайс әд-синтӏитӏиъ о̄м-э̄ әвш-э̄ пӏукӏ минут-е. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS know.INF-{{gcl|VALDEC|valency decreaser}}-CVB DEM train ABL-go.PFV.FUT.M.SG day-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} early-{{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} five minute-{{gcl|ADJZ|adjectivizer}} | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I think that this train leaves five minutes earlier today. | I think that this train leaves five minutes earlier today. | ||
213. | 213. Гьәмәтӏиъсы мәс вә̄лӣ тӏәмӣ тӣтӏиъ гъәфар. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гьәмәтӏ-иъсы мәс вә̄лӣ тӏәмӣ тӣтӏиъ гъәфар. | ||
| | |opinion-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} 1SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} governor 3SG.M.DAT do.PFV.FUT.M.SG pardon | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
My opinion is that the governor will grant him a pardon. | My opinion is that the governor will grant him a pardon. | ||
214. | 214. Гӯ нивӣцӏә сә кӏәлъәд синтӏды кӏуэ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ ни-вӣцӏә сә кӏәлъ-әд синтӏ-ды кӏу-э. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} NEG-know.IPFV.PASS.M.SG 3SG.M.ABS city-ABL go.INF-CVB Q-DAT.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Why he has left the city is a mystery. | Why he has left the city is a mystery. | ||
215. | 215. Ыг дә̄м тӏырӣ тӏокӏбыд тӏа̄тӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг дә̄м тӏырӣ тӏокӏ-быд тӏа̄тӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} house.ABS three road-TERM stand.PFV.PRES.F.SG | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
The house stands where three roads meet. | The house stands where three roads meet. | ||
216. | 216. Ыг тӏәм гьарац хин е мигъ әъкьинӣ тыринтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ыг тӏәм гьарац хин е мигъ әъкь-инӣ тыринтӏ. | ||
| | |{{gcl|WIT|witness}} 3SG.M.ERG money {{gcl|INT|intensive}} COMP big reason-DAT.SG bear.PFV.PRES.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
He has far more money than brains. | He has far more money than brains. | ||
217. | 217. Гӯ сә бә̄буъсы япӏисы ытэ̄л, нидисмәс гьу шо̄кәра̄нэ̄мәс мигъэ̄мәс дэнэкӏды диркӏды. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Гӯ сә бә̄б-уъсы япӏ-исы ытэ̄л, нид-исмәс гьу шо̄кәра̄н-э̄мәс мигъ-э̄мәс дэ-нэкӏ-ды диркӏ-ды. | ||
| | |{{gcl|NWIT|nonwitness}} DEM gate-{{gcl|EQ|equative}} closed-{{gcl|EQ|equative}}.N never {long grass}-DAT.PL and hemlock-DAT.PL big-DAT.PL.F LAT-grow.INF-CVB see.INF-CVB | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
Evidently that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the great hemlocks grow close against it. | Evidently that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the great hemlocks grow close against it. | ||
218. | 218. Ми кывырг дә̄мыргтиъ дәркӏнинтӏзәм; кӏо әкӏтӏә̄ йә̄р тыринтӏ. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| | |Ми кыв-рг дә̄м-рг-тиъ дәркӏнинтӏ-зәм; кӏо әкӏтӏә̄ йә̄р тыринтӏ. | ||
| | |1SG.ABS girl-DIM house.ABS-DIM-{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}.SG see.PFV.PST.F.PL-RECP {{gcl|REP|reportatve}}.F eight year bear.PFV.PRES.N.PL | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||
I met a little cottage girl; she was eight years old, she said. | I met a little cottage girl; she was eight years old, she said. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:58, 20 January 2026
1. Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
тыътӏ
do.PFV.PRES.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The sun shines.
2. Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
та̄тӏ
do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The sun is shining.
3. Ыг сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
ттытӏ
do.PFV.PST.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The sun shone.
4. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ.
Сӯъл
sun
ттитӏиъ
do.PFV.FUT.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The sun will shine.
5. Гӯ сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
сӯъл
sun
ита̄тӏ
do.IPFV.PST.N.SG
та̄тӏ
do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The sun has been shining.
6. Ыг сӯъл двиъта̄тӏ локӏ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
двиъ-та̄тӏ
re-do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The sun is shining again.
7. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏэ̄.
Сӯъл
sun
ттитӏиъ
do.PFV.FUT.N.SG
локӏ
shining
мукӏ-э̄.
tomorrow-advz
The sun will shine tomorrow.
8. Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏэ̄.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
тыътӏ
do.PFV.PRES.N.SG
локӏ
shining
кӏвэтӏ-э̄.
bright-advz
The sun shines brightly.
9. Ыг сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
кӏвэтӏ
bright
тыътӏ
do.PFV.PRES.N.SG
локӏ.
shining
The bright sun shines.
10. Ыг сӯъл иътӏыъндэ нӯъ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
иътӏ-ыъндэ
go.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-sup.LAT
нӯъ.
now
The sun is rising now.
11. Ыг ынвис виъсэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ.
Ыг
wit
ын-вис
person.OBL-ERG.SG
виъс-эс
all-ERG.SG.M
каркар
shout
ыъкӏатӏ.
say.PFV.PST.N.SG
All the people shouted.
12. Ыг ынвис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ.
Ыг
wit
ын-вис
person.OBL-ERG.SG
кәм
some
каркар
shout
ыъкӏатӏ.
say.PFV.PST.N.SG
Some of the people shouted.
13. Гӯ ынвис биврэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄э̄.
Гӯ
nwit
ын-вис
person.OBL-ERG.SG
бивр-эс
many-ERG.SG.M
каркар
shout
ыъкӏатӏ
say.PFV.PST.N.SG
двә̄-э̄.
two-advz
Many of the people shouted twice.
14. Гӯ ынвис муъцӏэс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
ын-вис
person.OBL-ERG.SG
муъцӏ-эс
happy-ERG.SG.M
каркар
shout
ыъкӏтӏ
say.PFV.PRES.N.SG
ыъкӏтӏ.
say.PFV.PRES.N.SG
Happy people often shout.
15. Ыг катыргуъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏыъндэ.
Ыг
wit
кат-рг-уъс
cat-DIM-ERG.SG
ләйктӏ
jump
сәнтӏытӏ-ыъндэ.
go.PFV.PRES.F.SG-sup.LAT
The kitten jumped up.
16. Ыг катыргуъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯрдэ сәнтӏытӏ.
Ыг
wit
кат-рг-уъс
cat-DIM-ERG.SG
ләйктӏ
jump
пӏәшшӯр-дэ
table-LAT
сәнтӏытӏ.
go.PFV.PRES.F.SG
The kitten jumped onto the table.
17. Ыг катырг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏәд.
Ыг
wit
кат-рг
cat-DIM
бырэдж
small
митиъ
1SG.gen1
синтӏытӏ-әд.
go.PFV.PST.F.SG-ABL
My little kitten walked away.
18. Ыг ыб къӏэцӏ.
Ыг
wit
ыб
rain.ABS
къӏэцӏ.
happen.IPFV.NPST.M.SG
It's raining.
19. Гӯ ыб ӣтӏуъпӏтӏэ.
Гӯ
nwit
ыб
rain.ABS
ӣтӏ-уъпӏтӏэ.
go.PFV.PST.M.SG-SUB.LAT
The rain came down.
20. Ыг катыргуъс ыбринэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н.
Ыг
wit
кат-рг-уъс
cat-DIM-ERG.SG
ыбр-инэ
rain.OBL-in
тэ̄нтӏ
do.IPFV.NPST.M.SG
мо̄н.
fun
The kitten is playing in the rain.
21. Ыг ыб чӏигьтӏ.
Ыг
wit
ыб
rain.ABS
чӏигьтӏ.
stop.PFV.PRES.M.SG
The rain has stopped.
22. Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы.
Ыб
rain.ABS
чӏигьитӏиъ
stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG
пӏы.
soon
Soon the rain will stop.
23. Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏитиъ пӏы тәртӏ.
Ик
1SG.ERG
гьәмәтӏ
hope
ыб
rain.ABS
чӏигьитӏиъчӏ-итиъ
stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG-GER-SG.gen1
пӏы
soon
тәртӏ.
have.PFV.PRES.F.SG
I hope the rain stops soon.
24. Гы̄ гӯъсәрыс эгайә̄с тӏыънтӏ сәэ эвэ̄.
Гӯ
nwit
гӯъ-сәрыс
animal-SG.ABS
эга-йә̄с
wild-SG.ABS.N
тӏыънтӏ
stand.PFV.PST.N.SG
сә-э
DEM-LOC
эв-э̄.
one-advz
Once wild animals lived here.
25. Ыг сэ̄ дәркӏытӏгьэигъ дәндәлэ̄.
Ыг
wit
сэ̄
3SG.F.ABS
дәркӏытӏ-гьэ-игъ
see.PFV.PST.F.SG-valinc-TRANSL
дәндәл-э̄.
slow-advz
Slowly she looked around.
26. Синттӏуъәд!
Синттӏуъ-әд!
go.IMP.M.SG-ABL
Go away!
27. Ым синтӏинтӏуъ!
Ым
1INCL.ABS
синтӏинтӏуъ!
go.IMP.M.PL
Let's go!
28. Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄.
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
синттӏ
go.PFV.PRES.M.SG
такэ̄.
should
You should go.
29. Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏэ̄.
Ми
1SG.ABS
синтӏитӏиъ
go.PFV.FUT.M.SG
муъцӏ-э̄.
happy-advz
I will be happy to go.
30. Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы.
Синтӏитӏиъ
go.PFV.FUT.M.SG
пӏы.
soon
He will arrive soon.
31.Ыг тӏопӏ гӣнттитиъ әдӣтӏ гъур.
Ыг
wit
тӏопӏ
ball
гӣнтт-итиъ
baby-SG.gen1
әд-ӣтӏ
ABL-go.PRF.N.SG
гъур.
rolling
The baby's ball has rolled away.
32. Ыг двә̄ пӏуъкьӏэс вирг тынэнтӏ буъцэ̄.
Ыг
wit
двә̄
two
пӏуъкьӏ-эс
boy-PL.ERG
вирг
work
тынэнтӏ
do.IPFV.NPST.N.PL
буъц-э̄.
together-advz
The two boys are working together.
33. Гӯ сә муъкь әдсәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн.
Гӯ
nwit
сә
DEM
муъкь
mist
әд-сәнтӏитӏиъ
ABL-go.PFV.FUT.F.SG
якъӣн.
probably
This mist will probably clear away.
34. Ыг бо̄шшәм винә̄с виъсмэ акӏинтӏ.
Ыг
wit
бо̄шш-әм
flower-PL.ABS
вин-ә̄с
lovely-PL.ABS.N
виъс-м-э
every-NZ-LOC
акӏинтӏ.
grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL
Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.
35. Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәлэ̄ такэ̄.
Вӣ
1INCL.ERG
пӏа̄ккӏ
food
ттитӏиъ
do.PFV.FUT.N.SG
е
COMP
дәндәл-э̄
slow-advz
такэ̄.
should
We should eat more slowly.
36. Тӏви дэсинттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ.
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
дэ-синттӏ
LAT-go.PFV.PRES.M.SG
пӏы
soon
дуъсыгъ.
too_much
You have come too soon.
37. Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъареэ̄.
Тӏӯъ
2SG.ERG
нипӏитт
writing
бӣътӏиъ
hit.PFV.FUT.M.SG
ю̄ътӏ
must
е
COMP
гъаре-э̄.
neat-advz
You must write more neatly.
38. Ыг э̄кӏалл пӏырәппыъ тӏыътӏ хин нигьэмэ̄.
Ыг
wit
э̄кӏалл
palace
пӏырәппыъ
excellent
тӏыътӏ
stand.PFV.PRES.N.SG
хин
int
нигьэм-э̄.
opposite-advz
Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.
39. Ыг кӏунсы Йәъгья̄ис корәсы.
Ыг
wit
кӏун-сы
dog.ERG-eq
Йәъгья̄-ис
Henry-gen1.SG
кор-әсы.
lost-eq.M
Yahya's dog is lost.
40. Ыг катуъсы мәс энтәсы.
Ыг
wit
кат-уъсы
cat-eq
мәс
1SG.gen2
энт-әсы.
black-eq.M
My cat is black.
41. Гӯ витӯъргсы кывыргәш бингэ̄сы.
Гӯ
nwit
витӯърг-сы
doll-eq
кыв-рг-әш
girl-DIM-gen2.SG
бинг-э̄сы.
broken-eq.F
The little girl's doll is broken.
42. Ик суъп ситтӏ римтӏ ниво̄ккӏэ̄.
Ик
1SG.ERG
суъп
sleep.ABS
ситтӏ
lie.IPFV.NPST.M.SG
римтӏ
lie.PFV.PRES.M.SG
ниво̄ккӏ-э̄.
quiet-advz
I usually sleep soundly.
43. Гӯ тӏыъкӏыс Сурэндэ сытӏнинтӏ иъшш.
Гӯ
nwit
тӏыъкӏ-ыс
children-ABS.PL
Сурэн-дэ
Suren-LAT
сытӏнинтӏ
go.PFV.PST.N.PL
иъшш.
run
The children ran after Suren.
44. Ми мэкӏтӏэбппӏәд тӣтӏиъыъ мо̄н.
Ми
1SG.ABS
мэкӏтӏэб-ппӏәд
school-POST.ABL
тӣтӏиъ-ыъ
do.PFV.FUT.M.SG
мо̄н.
fun
I can play after school.
45. Ым виъкӏэ игъсинтӏнинтӏ.
Ым
1INCL.ABS
виъкӏ-э
village.ERG-LOC
игъ-синтӏнинтӏ.
TRANSL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL
We went to the village for a visit.
46. Ы̄в ръӯйбыд сәнтӏинтӏ.
Ы̄в
1EXCL.ABS
ръӯй-быд
river-TERM
сәнтӏинтӏ.
go.PFV.PST.F.PL
We arrived at the river.
47. Ми тӏэ̄ иминтӏ.
Ми
1SG.ABS
тӏэ̄
2SG.DAT
иминтӏ.
wait.IPFV.PST.M.SG
I have been waiting for you.
48. Гӯ чӏа̄ррамчӏа̄сәрыс э̄кьигъ сиднинтӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
чӏа̄ррам-чӏа̄-сәрыс
camp-AG-ABS.PL
э̄кь-игъ
fire-TRANSL
сиднинтӏ.
sit.PFV.PST.M.PL
The campers sat around the fire.
49. Ыг кывырг катыргуъми сәдытӏ икмиэ̄.
Ыг
wit
кыв-рг
girl-DIM
кат-рг-уъми
cat-DIM-COM
сәдытӏ
sit.PFV.PST.F.SG
икми-э̄.
1SG.COM-advz
A little girl with a kitten sat near me.
50. Ыг лъим туърбыд ццӏапӏыътӏръӣ мәнытӏ.
Ыг
wit
лъим
child
туър-быд
door.ERG-TERM
ццӏа-пӏыътӏ-ръӣ
F-father-DAT.SG
мәнытӏ.
wait.PFV.PST.F.SG
The child waited at the door for her father.
51. Гӯ кывәс бәч пӏыгъанэ̄ виъкӏис ццӏакатырг ӣхатӏ кор сон.
Гӯ
nwit
кыв-әс
girl-ERG.SG
бәч
sup
пӏыгъан-э̄
old-ERG.SG.F
виъкӏ-ис
village.ERG-gen2.SG
ццӏа-кат-рг
F-cat-DIM
ӣхатӏ
throw.PFV.PST.M.SG
кор
lost
сон.
yesterday
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
52. Тӏви сә виъкӏэ упӏытӏма?
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
сә
DEM
виъкӏ-э
village.ERG-LOC
упӏытӏ-ма?
make.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol
Were you born in this village?
53. Бырэ̄тӏсәр тӏо лъе̄ сыттӏыъма висэ̄?
Бырэ̄тӏ-сәр
brother-ERG.SG
тӏо
2SG.gen2
лъе̄
dance
сыттӏ-ыъ-ма
go.PFV.PRES.N.SG-abil-Q.pol
вис-э̄?
good-advz
Can your brother dance well?
54. Вӣър әдсинтӏытӏма?
Вӣър
man.ABS
әд-синтӏытӏ-ма?
ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol
Did the man leave?
55. Бисәр тӏвитиъ тӏэ̄ дээ̄тӏма?
Би-сәр
sister.ABS-ABS.SG
тӏвитиъ
2SG.gen1
тӏэ̄
2SG.DAT
дээ̄тӏ-ма?
LAT-go.PFV.PST.F.SG-Q.pol
Is your sister coming for you?
56. Тӏви сәнтӏитӏиъыъма мукӏ?
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
сәнтӏитӏиъ-ыъ-ма
go.PFV.FUT.F.SG-abil-Q.pol
мукӏ?
tomorrow
Can you come tomorrow?
57. Сәмкӏӯъм киъмигъ әдсинтӏнинтӏма?
Сәмкӏӯъ-м
neighbor.ABS-ABS.PL
киъм-игъ
winter-TRANSL
әд-синтӏнинтӏ-ма?
ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL-Q.pol
Have the neighbors gone away for the winter?
58. Руккьӏэ̄нәс ыбрэ къӏэн ыъкӏтӏма?
Руккьӏэ̄н-әс
robin-ERG.SG
ыбр-э
rain.ERG-IN
къӏэн
song
ыъкӏтӏ-ма?
say.PFV.PRES.N.SG-Q.pol
Does the robin sing in the rain?
59. Тӏви нә̄ъми концертдэ синтӏитӏиъма?
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
нә̄ъми
1EXCL.COM
концерт-дэ
concert-LAT
синтӏитӏиъ-ма?
go.PFV.FUT.M.SG-Q.pol
Are you going with us to the concert?
60. Тӏӯъ е̄н джәнгәлэ ӣтӏма эвэ̄?
Тӏӯъ
2SG.ERG
е̄н
travel
джәнгәл-э
jungle-LOC
ӣтӏ-ма
go.PRF.SG-Q.pol
эв-э̄?
one-advz
Have you ever travelled in the jungle?
61. Ы̄в э̄нерә̄ ръӯигъ милигъ бивригъ синтӏнинтӏ.
Ы̄в
1EXCL.ABS
э̄нер-ә̄
sail-INST.SG
ръӯй-игъ
river-TRANSL
мил-игъ
mile-TRANSL
бивр-игъ
many-TRANSL
синтӏнинтӏ.
go.PFV.PST.M.PL
We sailed down the river for several miles.
62. Гӯ виъсм сайъд тӣчӏәш вӣцӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
виъс-м
all-NZ
сайъд
game
тӣ-чӏ-әш
do.INF-GER-gen2.SG
вӣцӏ.
know.PFV.PRES.M.SG
Everybody knows about hunting.
63. Ы̄в шәддэ кӏэнды сәнтӏнинтӏ ӏуйрэ̄ сӯъле свәртыкппӏэ.
Ы̄в
1EXCL.ABS
шәд-дэ
mountain range-LAT
кӏэн-ды
start.INF-CVB
сәнтӏнинтӏ
go.PFV.PST.F.PL
ӏуйр-э̄
morning-advz
сӯъл-е
sun-adjz
свәртык-ппӏэ.
solstice-POST
On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains.
64. Ыг Кӏорэин екӏтӏ хәъдыргмәс мэ̄мӯнис иба̄тӏ.
Ыг
wit
Кӏорэ-ин
Kore-ERG.SG
екӏтӏ
laughter.ABS
хәъдырг-мәс
trick-DAT.PL
мэ̄мӯн-ис
monkey-gen2.SG
иба̄тӏ.
say.IPFV.PST.F.SG
Kore laughed at the monkey's tricks.
65. Ыг вӣър пӏыгъан цупми чәпәрэ тӏэ̄нтӏ.
Ыг
wit
вӣър
man.ABS
пӏыгъан
old
цуп-ми
cane-COM
чәпәр-э
fence-LOC
тӏэ̄нтӏ.
stand.PFV.PST.M.SG
An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.
66. Ыг ниъзәсы санджа̄бэ̄с а̄тӏәсы сопбиъ мӯгъуъбиъ.
Ыг
wit
ниъз-әсы
nest-eq
санджа̄б-э̄с
squirrel-gen2.SG
а̄тӏ-әсы
hidden-eq.M
соп-биъ
branch-INST.PL
мӯгъ-уъбиъ.
saggy-INST.PL.M
The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.
67. Гӯ ппӏәрыргэ̄с нуъкуъпӏэ сӯълбыд вирънис тӏипӏвисәс мәнинтӏ ниво̄ккӏэ̄.
Гӯ
nwit
ппӏәр-рг-э̄с
seed-DIM-ABS.PL
нуък-уъпӏэ
snow.ERG-SUB
сӯъл-быд
sun-TERM
виръ-нис
spring.ERG-gen2.SG
тӏипӏ-висәс
warm-gen2.SG.N
мәнинтӏ
wait.PFV.PST.F.PL
ниво̄ккӏ-э̄.
quiet-advz
The little seeds waited patiently under the snow for the warm spring sun.
68. Ыг кывыргэс биврэ̄с килӣлуъми бо̄шшә̄м кӏа̄нэсэ лъе̄ харэкӏигъ сытӏытӏ.
Ыг
wit
кыв-рг-эс
girl-DIM-ERG.PL
бивр-э̄с
many-ERG.PL.F
килӣл-уъми
wreath-COM
бо̄шш-ә̄м
flower-gen2.PL
кӏа̄н-эс-э
head-ERG.PL-LOC
лъе̄
dance
харэкӏ-игъ
bonfire-TRANSL
сытӏытӏ.
go.PFV.PST.N.SG
Many little girls with wreaths of flowers on their heads danced around the bonfire.
69. Ыг вар зәппилуътиъ тӏилдэ сәнттӏ.
Ыг
wit
вар
cover
зәппил-уътиъ
basket-gen1.SG
тӏил-дэ
floor-LAT
сәнттӏ.
go.PFV.PST.F.SG
The cover of the basket fell to the floor.
70.
Гӯ
nwit
пӏӯв
first
пӏуъкьӏ
boy
очирич-инэ
queue-IN
къӣ-э
entrance-LOC
чӏигьытӏ.
stop.PFV.PST.M.SG
The first boy in the line stopped at the entrance.
71. Ыг гӯн пӏыгъан ве̄тӏ тӏуъмбыънэ диныргинэ йәттӏ.
Ыг
wit
гӯн
woman.ABS
пӏыгъан
old
ве̄тӏ
wise
тӏуъмб-ыънэ
hill-sup
дин-рг-инэ
house.ERG-DIM-IN
йәттӏ.
be.IPFV.PST.F.SG
On the top of the hill in a little hut lived a wise old woman.
72. Нәнгэ ыъсәнцӏчӏигъ нә̄ъм, тӏырӣгә̄синдэ ӣсинтӏ гӯънинтӏ.
Нәнг-э
province-LOC
ыъсәнцӏ-чӏ-игъ
be.IPFV.NPST.PTCP-GER-TRANSL
нә̄ъм,
1EXCL.gen2
тӏырӣг-ә̄с-индэ
pasture-ERG.PL-IN.LAT
ӣсинтӏ
go.IPFV.PST.PL
гӯънинтӏ.
go.PFV.PST.M.PL
During our residence in the province we often walked in the pastures.
73. Сэпәнджэ̄с тӏвитиъ пӏы̄ис сәнтӏәнтӏиъмай чӏӯниъ?
Сэпәндж-э̄с
guest-ABS.PL
тӏвитиъ
2PL.gen1
пӏы̄-ис
city-gen2
сәнтӏәнтӏиъ-май
LAT-go.PFV.FUT.F.PL-Q.med
чӏӯниъ?
when
When will your guests from the city arrive?
74. Ыг ръӯе̄ гипӏсыми уъртӏ э̄тӏ хин шаркъдээ̄.
Ыг
wit
ръӯй-э̄
river-ERG.SG
гипӏ-сыми
mouth-COM
уъртӏ
turn.ABS
э̄тӏ
go.IPFV.NPST.F.SG
хин
int
шаркъ-дэ-э̄.
east-LAT-advz
Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East.
75. Ыг двә̄ пӏирутӏинигъ биркинигъ лак муък тӏа̄тӏ.
Ыг
wit
двә̄
two
пӏирутӏ-инигъ
mountain-IN.TRANSL
бирк-инигъ
tall-IN.TRANSL
лак
valley
муък
fertile
тӏа̄тӏ.
stand.IPFV.NPST.F.SG
Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley.
76. Ыг макъми хәшха̄шэ̄с биркэ̄с рутэ̄с нэкӏнинтӏ.
Ыг
wit
макъ-ми
wheat-COM
хәшха̄ш-э̄с
poppy-ABS.PL
бирк-э̄с
tall-ABS.PL.F
рут-э̄с
red-ABS.PL.F
нэкӏнинтӏ.
grow.PFV.PST.F.PL
Among the wheat grew tall red poppies.
77. Гӯ вырэ̄цӏыс буътнәд ккьонәмтиъ вәгә̄с ырә руън.
Гӯ
nwit
вырэ̄цӏ-ыс
root.ABS-ABS.PL
буътн-әд
oak-gen1.PL
ккьон-әмтиъ
strong-ABS.PL.N
вәг-ә̄с
ground.ERG-ABL
ырә
take.PFV.PASS.N.PL
руън.
torn
The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground.
78. Ыг сӯъл сопис тӏыъкӏмәсигъ мо̄нисы дыкӏытӏгьэ.
Ыг
wit
сӯъл
sun
соп-ис
branch-ERG.PL-TRANSL
тӏыъкӏ-мәс-игъ
children-DAT.PL
мо̄н-исы
fun-eq.N
дыкӏытӏ-гьэ.
see.PFV.PST.N.SG-valinc
The sun looked down through the branches upon the children at play.
79. Э̄нмы гъарбәс пӏыном чӏиррәкӏигъ мәс шшишиъсы гьудулисы ыъкӏатӏ.
Э̄нм-ы
wind.ERG-ERG.SG
гъарб-әс
western-ERG.SG.N
пӏыном
heavy breath
чӏиррәкӏ-игъ
face-TRANSL
мәс
1SG.gen2
шшишиъсы
rub-eq
гьудулисы
friendly-eq.N
ыъкӏатӏ.
say.PFV.PST.N.SG
The west wind blew across my face like a friendly caress.
80. Гӯ яй тэлтиъ тӏилигъ сытӏытӏ гъур.
Гӯ
nwit
яй
spool
тэл-тиъ
thread-gen1
тӏил-игъ
floor-TRANSL
сытӏытӏ
go.PFV.PST.N.SG
гъур.
rolling
The spool of thread rolled across the floor.
81. Ыг къут бӯрәмтиъ акӏәнцӏәмтиъ пәнджәринэ зытӏ.
Ыг
wit
къут
box
бӯр-әмтиъ
plant-gen1.PL
акӏәнцӏ-әмтиъ
grow.IPFV.NPST.PTCP-gen1.PL.M
пәнджәр-инэ
window-IN
зытӏ.
sit.PFV.PST.N.SG
A box of growing plants stood in the window.
82. Иккы муъцӏэ̄сы биврэ̄сы.
Иккы
1SG.eq
муъцӏ-э̄сы
happy-eq.F
бивр-э̄сы.
much-eq.F
I am very happy.
83. Ыг тӏэ̄ссы на̄рәнгэ̄сы валгеэ̄сы.
Ыг
wit
тӏэ̄ссы
DEM.F.PL.eq
на̄рәнг-э̄сы
orange-eq
валг-е-э̄сы.
juice-adjz-eq.F
These oranges are juicy.
84. Видинсы ырӣс цӏахеисы.
Вид-инсы
water.ERG-eq
ыр-ӣс
sea.ERG-gen2.SG
цӏах-е-исы.
salt-adjz-eq.N
Sea water is salty.
85. Ыг сӯкъӏуъсы бинквисы ынуъбиъ.
Ыг
wit
сӯкъӏ-уъсы
street-eq
бинк-висы
full-eq.N
ын-уъбиъ.
person.ERG-INST.PL
The streets are full of people.
86. Шәкәрс тәъм гьвинаб бытӏ.
Шәкәр-с
sugar-ERG.SG
тәъм
taste
гьвинаб
sweet
бытӏ.
bear.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
Sugar tastes sweet.
87. Э̄кьәс шуӏӯър тӏипӏ бәртӏ.
Э̄кь-әс
fire-ERG.SG
шуӏӯър
feeling
тӏипӏ
hot
бәртӏ.
bear.IPFV.NPST.F.SG
The fire feels hot.
88. Гӯ кывырг ита̄нтӏкьи эве.
Гӯ
nwit
кыв-рг
girl-DIM
ита̄нтӏ-кьи
do.IPFV.PST.F.SG-SUBJ
эв-е.
one-adjz
The little girl seemed lonely.
89. Гӯ пӏыътӏсысы пӏуъкьӏыргәш мәла̄хуъсы гӯънтӏ эвэ̄.
Гӯ
nwit
пӏыътӏсысы
father-eq
пӏуъкьӏ-рг-әш
boy-DIM-gen2.SG
мәла̄х-уъсы
sailor-eq
гӯънтӏ
be.PFV.PST.M.SG
эв-э̄.
one-advz
The little boy's father had once been a sailor.
90. Ик ёргъ митиъ эхатӏ кор.
Ик
1SG.ERG
ёргъ
blanket
митиъ
1SG.gen1
эхатӏ
throw.PFV.PST.F.SG
кор.
lost
I have lost my blanket.
91. Гӯ руккьӏэ̄нәс тӏәниъз цэ̄вга̄винэ ивиркӏтӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
руккьӏэ̄нәс
robin-ERG.SG
тӏә-ниъз
M-nest
цэ̄вга̄винэ
apple-tree-IN
ивиркӏтӏ.
make.IPFV.PST.M.SG
A robin has built his nest in the apple tree.
92. Нә̄ъ ча̄ш ы̄витиъ пӏолосэ ттытӏ яйлэ̄.
Нә̄ъ
1EXCL.ERG
ча̄ш
lunch
ы̄витиъ
1EXCL.gen1
пӏолос-э
roadside-LOC
ттытӏ
do.PFV.PST.N.SG
яйл-э̄.
noon-advz
At noon we ate our lunch by the roadside.
93. Гӯ сәшшиды Гьофанәс тәлг тӏәпӏуъкьӏыргэ уъпӏытӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
сәшшид-ы
mister-ERG.SG
Гьофан-әс
Hofan-ERG.SG
тәлг
knife
тӏә-пӏуъкьӏ-рг-э
M-boy-DIM-DAT.SG
уъпӏытӏ.
make.PFV.PST.N.SG
Mr. Hofan made a knife for his little boy.
94. Ыг во̄ккӏыс муъцӏэ̄сы биврэ̄сы дәркӏрә.
Ыг
wit
во̄ккӏ-ыс
voice.ABS-ABS.PL
муъцӏ-э̄сы
happy-eq.F
бивр-э̄сы
much-eq.F
дәркӏрә.
see.PFV.PASS.F.PL
Their voices sound very happy.
95. О̄минсы иснэ̄нсы гӯътӏма?
О̄м-инсы
day-eq
иснэ̄н-сы
Monday-eq
гӯътӏ-ма?
be.PFV.PRES.N.SG-Q.pol
Is today Monday?
96. Тәшшәм виъсә̄с дыро̄әд сытӏнинтӏма?
Тәшш-әм
leaf-ABS.PL
виъс-ә̄с
all-ABS.PL.N
дыро̄-әд
tree.ERG-ABL
сытӏнинтӏ-ма?
go.PFV.PST.N.PL-Q.pol
Have all the leaves fallen from the tree?
97. Тӏви тӣтӏиъма рухъуг джәдвәле?
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
тӣтӏиъ-ма
do.PFV.FUT.M.SG-Q.pol
рухъуг
ready
джәдвәле?
timely
Will you be ready on time?
98. Ик вит сә сычӏ тӏвитӏ синттӏуъ.
Ик
1SG.ERG
вит
CAUS.M
сә
DEM
сычӏ
message
тӏвитӏ
2SG.INST
синттӏуъ.
go.IMP.M.SG
Will you send this message for me?
99. Тӏви мэ̄ мәнтӏма?
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
мэ̄
1SG.DAT
мәнтӏ-ма?
wait.IPFV.NPST.F.SG-Q.pol
Are you waiting for me?
100. Тӏәсы пӏӯв катыргуъсы тӏәвкӏәд иттӏма?
Тӏәсы
DEM.eq
пӏӯв
first
кат-рг-уъсы
cat-DIM-eq
тӏәвкӏ-әд
litter-ABL
иттӏ-ма?
be.IPFV.NPST.M.SG-Q.pol
Is this the first kitten of the litter?
101. Тӏәссы мычэ̄сы мигъисы дуъсыгъисы тӏэ̄ гӯънинтӏма?
Тӏәссы
DEM.N.PL.eq
мыч-э̄сы
shoe-eq
мигъ-исы
big-eq.N
дуъсыгъ-исы
too much-eq.N
тӏэ̄
2SG.DAT
гӯънинтӏ-ма?
be.PFV.PRES.N.PL-Q.pol
Are these shoes too big for you?
102. Ръӯе̄сы пӏинэ̄сы чӏӯ әттӏмай?
Ръӯй-э̄сы
river-eq
пӏин-э̄сы
wide-eq.F
чӏӯ
how much
әттӏ-май?
be.IPFV.NPST.F.SG-Q.med
How wide is the River?
103. О̄с дыкӏтӏуъ.
О̄с
ear.ABS
дыкӏтӏуъ.
see.IMP.N.SG
Listen.
104. Сәэ икми сицӏуъ.
Сә-э
DEM-LOC
икми
1SG.COM
сицӏуъ.
sit.IMP.M.SG
Sit here by me.
105. Сә къӏайл мукӏбыд тытӏуъ.
Сә
DEM
къӏайл
secret
мукӏ-быд
tomorrow-TERM
тытӏуъ.
bear.IMP.N.SG
Keep this secret until tomorrow.
106. Нә̄ъми синттӏуъ.
Нә̄ъми
1EXCL.COM
синттӏуъ.
go.IMP.M.SG
Come with us.
107. Вәт до̄ттӏэ̄с тӏвитиъ ю̄ъсми сәнтӏинтӏуъ.
Вәт
CAUS.F
до̄ттӏ-э̄с
friend-ABS.PL
тӏвитиъ
2PL.gen1
ю̄ъсми
2PL.COM
сәнтӏинтӏуъ.
go.IMP.F.PL
Bring your friends with you.
108. Тә̄тӏуъ лук.
Тә̄тӏуъ
do.IMP.F.SG
лук.
careful
Be careful.
109. Чай кәм ытӏуъ.
Чай
tea
кәм
some
ытӏуъ.
take.IMP.N.SG
Have some tea.
110. Ёгсы гьу тӏәкӏунсы хин до̄ттӏэ̄сы.
Ёг-сы
Yog-eq
гьу
and
тӏә-кӏун-сы
M-dog.ERG-eq
хин
int
до̄ттӏ-э̄сы.
friend-eq
Yog and his dog were great friends.
111. Нэрсэ̄сы гьу Маралсы бырэ̄тӏсысы гьу суъсысы.
Нэрс-э̄сы
Ners-eq
гьу
and
Марал-сы
Maral-eq
бырэ̄тӏ-сысы
brother-eq
гьу
and
суъ-сысы.
sister.ERG-eq
Ners and Maral are brother and sister.
112. Тӏви гьу ми синтӏәнтӏиъ буъцэ̄.
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
гьу
and
ми
1SG.ABS
синтӏәнтӏиъ
go.PFV.FUT.M.PL
буъц-э̄.
together-advz
You and I will go together.
113. Гӯ тӏәмс твә̄рыс гьу пәнджәрэ̄с виъсәм иттӏилинтӏ ппир.
Гӯ
nwit
тӏәмс
3PL.M.ERG
твә̄р-ыс
door.ABS-ABS.PL
гьу
and
пәнджәр-э̄с
window-ABS.PL
виъс-әм
all-ABS.PL.M
иттӏилинтӏ
put.IPFV.PST.M.PL
ппир.
open
They opened all the doors and windows.
114. Ыг тӏәсы бырэджәсы, мин ю̄ътӏ тӏы̄ътӏәсы.
Ыг
wit
тӏәсы
3SG.M.eq
бырэдж-әсы,
small-eq.M
мин
wait.INF
ю̄ътӏ
needing
тӏы̄ътӏ-әсы.
strong-eq.M
He is small, but strong.
115. Сә дәр ккьонәсы би къӏа̄внсы ыъттӏмай?
Сә
DEM
дәр
tree.ABS
ккьон-әсы
oak-eq
би
or
къӏа̄вн-сы
maple-eq
ыъттӏ-май?
be.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-Q.med
Is this tree an oak or a maple?
116. А̄сма̄н кьә̄вкӏэ̄сы би пӏәжэ̄сы дәркӏтӏмай?
А̄сма̄н
sky
кьә̄вкӏ-э̄сы
blue-eq.F
би
or
пӏәж-э̄сы
grey-eq.F
дәркӏтӏ-май?
see.PFV.PRES.F.SG-Q.med
Does the sky look blue or grey?
117. Пӏыътӏсысы би мэ̄тӏсыми тӏо дэсинттӏуъ.
Пӏыътӏ-сысы
mother-COM
би
or
мэ̄тӏ-сыми
father-COM
тӏо
2SG.gen2
дэ-синттӏуъ.
LAT-go.IMP.M.SG
Come with your father or mother.
118. Иккы лъэгуъсы, мин ю̄ътӏ муъцӏәсы.
Иккы
1SG.eq
лъэг-уъсы,
tired-eq.M
мин
wait.INF
ю̄ътӏ
needing
муъцӏ-әсы.
happy-eq.M
I am tired, but very happy.
119. Ыг тӏәм къӏэн тӏәлъейтӏэхъ пӏырәппыъвэхъ ыъкӏатӏ сокӏ.
Ыг
wit
тӏәм
3SG.M.ERG
къӏэн
song
тӏә-лъейтӏ-эхъ
M-flute-INST.SG
пӏырәппыъ-вэхъ
wonderful-INST.SG.F
ыъкӏатӏ
say.PFV.PST.N.SG
сокӏ.
play
He played a tune on his wonderful flute.
120. Августимбыд о̄мә̄ хин е мыкдэ акӏинтӏ.
Август-имбыд
August-IN.TERM
о̄м-ә̄
day-ABS.PL
хин
int
е
COMP
мык-дэ
short-LAT
акӏинтӏ.
grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL
Toward the end of August the days grow much shorter.
121. Ыг ынкӏэрутивы чӏириә̄м тӏырӣгигъ гьу тӏуъмбыъндэ марш синтӏытӏ.
Ыг
wit
ынкӏэрутив-ы
company-ERG.SG
чӏири-ә̄м
soldier-gen2.PL
тӏырӣг-игъ
meadow-TRANSL
гьу
and
тӏуъмб-ыъндэ
hill-sup.LAT
марш
march
синтӏытӏ.
go.PFV.PST.M.SG
A company of soldiers marched across the meadow and over the hill.
122. Ыг пӏӯверәсы кьы̄тэ̄с джа̄ләбәсы биврәсы.
Ыг
wit
пӏӯв-ер-әсы
first-NZ-eq
кьы̄т-э̄с
story-gen2
джа̄ләб-әсы
interesting-eq.M
бивр-әсы.
much-eq.M
The first part of the story is very interesting.
123. Ыг гъэдуъс экӏырг кәм а̄брэ̄зиндэ ттӏилнинтӏухъ вәд ләббыд ттӏилцы.
Ыг
wit
гъэд-уъс
crow-ERG.SG
экӏ-рг
stone.ABS-DIM
кәм
some
а̄брэ̄з-индэ
pitcher-IN.LAT
ттӏилнинтӏ-ухъ
put.PFV.PST.M.PL-valdec
вәд
water.ABS
ләб-быд
brim-TERM
ттӏил-цы.
put.INF-simul
The crow dropped some pebbles into the pitcher and raised the water to the brim.
124. Ыг гӣнтт ццӏакисыбиъ ибә̄йтӏ екӏтӏ екӏцы муъцӏэ̄
Ыг
wit
гӣнтт
baby
ццӏа-ки-сыбиъ
F-hand-INST.PL
ибә̄йтӏ
hit.IPFV.PST.F.SG
екӏтӏ
laughter.ABS
екӏ-цы
say.INF-simul
муъцӏ-э̄
happy-advz
The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee.
125. Ләб тӏвитиъ чӏәгьтӏуъ тӣды ниво̄ккӏ.
Ләб
game
тӏвитиъ
2SG.gen1
чӏәгьтӏуъ
stop.IMP.F.SG
тӣ-ды
do.INF-CVB
ниво̄ккӏ.
quiet
Stop your game and be quiet.
126. Ыг во̄ккӏ лӣдәмтиъ э̄нәкӏтӏ е кьӏа̄р кьӏа̄р.
Ыг
wit
во̄ккӏ
sound.ABS
лӣд-әмтиъ
drum-gen1.PL
э̄нәкӏтӏ
grow.IPFV.PST.F.SG
е
COMP
кьӏа̄р
loud
кьӏа̄р.
loud
The sound of the drums grew louder and louder.
127. Тӏӯъ мар би киъм ттӏилтӏмай джо̄ш?
Тӏӯъ
2SG.ERG
мар
summer.ABS
би
or
киъм
winter
ттӏилтӏ-май
put.IPFV.NPST.M.SG-Q.med
джо̄ш?
prefer
Do you like summer or winter better?
128. Сә пӏуъкьӏәс е̄н пӏырәппыъ ттитӏиъ.
Сә
DEM
пӏуъкьӏ-әс
boy-ERG.SG
е̄н
trip
пӏырәппыъ
wonderful
ттитӏиъ.
do.PFV.FUT.N.SG
That boy will have a wonderful trip.
129. Гӯ тӏәмс попкор упӏытӏ харэкӏигъ сидды пӏа̄ккӏ тӣды.
Гӯ
nwit
тӏәмс
3PL.M.ERG
попкор
popcorn
упӏытӏ
make.PFV.PST.M.SG
харэкӏ-игъ
campfire-TRANSL
сид-ды
sit.INF-CVB
пӏа̄ккӏ
food
тӣ-ды.
do.INF-CVB
They popped corn, and then sat around the fire and ate it.
130. Гӯ нәджә̄гь пӏӯв двә̄ ләбӣъ гӯънтӏ мин ю̄ътӏ киттӣъ римытӏ фәшил.
Гӯ
nwit
нәджә̄гь
success
пӏӯв
first
двә̄
two
ләб-ӣъ
game-DAT.SG
гӯънтӏ
be.PFV.PST.M.SG
мин
wait.INF
ю̄ътӏ
needing
китт-ӣъ
last-DAT.SG.F
римытӏ
lie.PFV.PST.M.SG
фәшил.
fail
They won the first two games, but lost the last one.
131. Ми нэкӏытӏ дэ̄гэр әвшэ̄, виттӏ тӣды шӣбэ̄, мартӣъ уъпӏэсинтӏды.
Ми
1SG.ABS
нэкӏытӏ
grow.PFV.PST.M.SG
дэ̄гэр
wake
әвш-э̄,
early-advz
виттӏ
clothing.ABS
тӣ-ды
do.INF-CVB
шӣб-э̄,
hasty-advz
март-ӣъ
breakfast-DAT.SG
уъпӏэ-синтӏды.
sub-go.INF-CVB
I awoke early, dressed hastily, and went down to breakfast.
132. Сә минтӏырг әмтӏуъ, вәт мэ̄тӏсәрдэ тӏо синтӏды, быдекӏчӏэ минды.
Сә
DEM
минтӏырг
note
әмтӏуъ,
take.IMP.F.SG
вәт
CAUS.F
мэ̄тӏсәр-дэ
mother-LAT
тӏо
2SG.gen2
синтӏ-ды,
go.INF-CVB
быдекӏчӏ-э
answer-DAT.SG
мин-ды.
wait.INF-CVB
Take this note, carry it to your mother; and wait for an answer.
133. А̄! Ик вэрисәр тӏэ̄ ттӏилтӏ!
А̄!
ah
Ик
1SG.ERG
вэрисәр
prisoner
тӏэ̄
2SG.DAT
ттӏилтӏ!
put.PFV.PRES.M.SG
Aha! I have caught you!
134. Ыг сә тӏинкьӏәсы мыквисы дуъсыгъисы!
Ыг
wit
сә
DEM
тӏинкьӏ-әсы
string-eq
мык-висы
short-eq.N
дуъсыгъ-исы!
too much-eq.N
This string is too short!
135. О̄! Э̄н варӣъ мәс әдбыътӏ!
О̄!
woe
Э̄н
wind.ABS
вар-ӣъ
hat-DAT.SG
мәс
1SG.gen2
әд-быътӏ!
ABL-say.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
Oh, dear! The wind has blown my hat away!
136. О̄! Гӯ сә хабарсы хин дуъттӏо̄всы!
О̄!
woe
Гӯ
nwit
сә
DEM
хабар-сы
news-eq
хин
int
дуъттӏо̄-всы!
sad-eq.M
Alas! that news is sad indeed!
137. Ухх! Сә э̄нмы гырәс уът ӣъс а̄сӣ мәс акӏтӏ!
Ухх!
whew
Сә
DEM
э̄нм-ы
wind.ERG-ERG.SG
гыр-әс
cold-ERG.SG.
уът
CAUS.N
ӣъс
ice
а̄с-ӣ
nose.ERG-DAT.SG
мәс
1SG.gen2
акӏтӏ!
grow.PFV.PRES.N.SG
Whew! that cold wind freezes my nose!
138. Тӏӯъсы тӏипӏвэ̄сы биврэ̄сы га̄йтӏма нӯъ?
Тӏӯъсы
2SG.eq
тӏипӏ-вэ̄сы
warm-eq.F
бивр-э̄сы
much-eq.F
га̄йтӏ-ма
be.PFV.PRES.F.SG-Q.pol
нӯъ?
now
Are you warm enough now?
139. Гӯ тӏәмс о̄с бӯчерэ дыкӏытӏ эппӏэ̄ дуъсыгъ.
Гӯ
nwit
тӏәмс
3PL.M.ERG
о̄с
ear.ABS
бӯчер-э
warning-DAT.SG
дыкӏытӏ
see.PFV.PST.N.SG
эппӏ-э̄
late-advz
дуъсыгъ.
too much
They heard the warning too late.
140. Нә̄ъсы ынуъсы майрәсы, гьуъпп до̄лӣъ нә̄ъм ттӏытӏ.
Нә̄ъсы
1EXCL.eq
ын-уъсы
person.ERG-eq
майр-әсы,
brave-eq.M
гьуъпп
love
до̄л-ӣъ
country-DAT.SG
нә̄ъм
1EXCL.gen2
ттӏытӏ.
put.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
We are a brave people, and love our country.
141. Гӯ тӏыъкӏыс виъсә̄с итӏэр Замил сытӏнинтӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
тӏыъкӏ-ыс
children-ABS.PL
виъс-ә̄с
all-ABS.PL.N
итӏэр
except
Замил
Zamil
сытӏнинтӏ.
LAT-go.PFV.PST.N.PL
All the children came except Zamil.
142. Ыг Дачиъс экӏыргиныс ххыминӣ имнинтӏ лэджиндэ ӣхды.
Ыг
wit
Дач-иъс
Dach-ERG.SG
экӏ-рг-иныс
stone.ABS-DIM-ABS.PL
ххым-инӣ
handful.ERG-DAT.SG
имнинтӏ
take.PFV.PST.M.PL
лэдж-индэ
lake.ERG-IN.LAT
ӣх-ды.
throw.INF-CVB
Dach seized a handful of pebbles and threw them into the lake.
143. Ыг сә дә̄мрг тӏуъмбэ нӯъкӏэ итӏа̄тӏ, виъкӏәд хин тӏакӏәд.
Ыг
wit
сә
DEM
дә̄м-рг
house.ABS-DIM
тӏуъмб-э
hill-LOC
нӯъкӏ-э
low-LOC
итӏа̄тӏ,
stand.IPFV.PST.F.SG,
виъкӏ-әд
village.ERG-ABL
хин
int
тӏакӏ-әд.
far-ABL
This cottage stood on a low hill, at some distance from the village.
144. Ыг кӏӣчӏинэ мэнис висинэ двә̄ пӏыгъанер туърәд тӏәдинис исидинтӏ.
Ыг
wit
кӏӣчӏ-инэ
evening-IN
мэ-нис
summer.ERG-gen2.SG
вис-инэ
good-IN
двә̄
two
пӏыгъан-ер
old-NZ
туър-әд
door.ERG-ABL
тӏә-дин-ис
M-house.ERG-gen2.SG
исидинтӏ.
sit.IPFV.PST.M.PL
On a fine summer evening, the two old people were sitting outside the door of their cottage.
145. Ниминсы әвӣс нә̄ъм Багбушшэ̄сы.
Ним-инсы
name.ERG-eq
әв-ӣс
bird-gen2.SG
нә̄ъм
1EXCL.gen2
Багбушш-э̄сы.
Barbush-eq
Our bird's name is Barbush.
146. Гӯ ръӯе̄ пӏырого̄м ырдэ виъцӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
ръӯй-э̄
river-ERG.SG
пӏырого̄м
way
ыр-дэ
sea.ERG-LAT
виъцӏ.
know.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
The river knows the way to the sea.
147. Гӯ нэ̄ э̄нерә̄, әвиъсы пӏэкк ттәнцӏэ̄сы, әдсәнттӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
нэ̄
boat.ABS
э̄нер-ә̄,
sail-INST.SG
әв-иъсы
bird-eq
пӏэкк
wing
ттәнцӏ-э̄сы,
do.PFV.NPST.PTCP-eq.F
әд-сәнттӏ.
ABL-go.PFV.PRES.F.SG
The boat sails away, like a bird on the wing.
148. Гӯ игъукӏукӏунтӏухъ лукэ̄, нер диркӏди.
Гӯ
nwit
игъ-укӏукӏунтӏ-ухъ
TRANSL-see.IPFV.PST.M.PL-valinc
лук-э̄,
cautious-advz
нер
none
диркӏ-ди.
see.INF-CVB
They looked cautiously about, but saw nothing.
149. Ыг диныргс тӏырӣ од, од сидчӏитиъ, од суъпитиъ, кӏухын цци, ибринтӏ.
Ыг
wit
дин-рг-с
house.ERG-DIM-ERG.SG
тӏырӣ
three
од,
room
од
room
сид-чӏ-итиъ,
sit-GER-gen1.SG
од
room
суъп-итиъ,
sleep.ABS-gen1.SG
кӏухын
kitchen
цци,
tiny
ибринтӏ.
bear.IPFV.NPST.N.PL
The little house had three rooms, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a tiny kitchen.
150. Ы̄в виъкӏэ бырэ̄тӏръис пӏыътӏръис мәс, виъкӏэ бәч мигъ бы̄ъмнис, игъсинтӏнинтӏ.
Ы̄в
1EXCL.ABS
виъкӏ-э
village.ERG-LOC
бырэ̄тӏ-ръис
brother-gen2.SG
пӏыътӏ-ръис
father-gen2.SG
мәс,
1SG.gen2
виъкӏ-э
village.ERG-LOC
бәч
sup
мигъ
large
бы̄ъм-нис,
world-gen2.SG
игъ-синтӏнинтӏ.
TRANSL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL
We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world.
151. Вӣ нойер вӣцӏгьэ о̄мо̄м.
Вӣ
1INCL.ERG
ной-ер
new-NZ
вӣцӏ-гьэ
know.IPFV.NPST.M.SG-valinc
о̄мо̄м.
daily
We learn something new each day.
152. Ба̄за̄р нӯтӏ та̄нтӏ е әвшэ̄ пӏукӏ минуте.
Ба̄за̄р
market
нӯтӏ
start.IPFV.NPST.F.SG
та̄нтӏ
do.IPFV.NPST.F.SG
е
COMP
әвш-э̄
early-advz
пӏукӏ
five
минут-е.
minute-adjz
The market begins five minutes earlier this week.
153. Мәнзил тӏэ̄ гӯънтӏма мигъ дуъсыгъ?
Мәнзил
distance
тӏэ̄
2SG.DAT
гӯънтӏ-ма
be.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol
мигъ
big
дуъсыгъ?
too much
Did you find the distance too great?
154. Тӏыъкӏыс, сытӏинтӏуъ иъшш.
Тӏыъкӏ-ыс,
children-ABS.PL
сытӏинтӏуъ
go.IMP.N.PL
иъшш.
run
Hurry, children.
155. Авър, ик эттэз тӏвитиъ ттитӏиъ.
Авър,
madam
ик
1SG.ERG
эттэз
command
тӏвитиъ
2SG.gen1
ттитӏиъ.
do.PFV.FUT.N.SG
Madam, I will obey your command.
156. Гӯ сәэ дыро̄уъпӏэ тӏәмс пӏуръ пӏырәппыъ сэпәнджэ̄мәс ттутӏ.
Гӯ
nwit
сә-э
DEM-LOC
дыро̄-уъпӏэ
tree.ERG-sub
тӏәмс
3PL.M.ERG
пӏуръ
feast
пӏырәппыъ
splendid
сэпәндж-э̄мәс
guest-DAT.PL
ттутӏ.
give.PFV.PST.N.SG
Here under this tree they gave their guests a splendid feast.
157. Киъм ми нукӏтӏәд тӏа̄тӏгьэ та̄нтӏ, виттӏ ра̄ъисс шәъмис сарӣъ тӣды.
Киъм
winter-TRANSL
ми
1SG.ABS
нукӏтӏ-әд
night.ERG-ABL
тӏа̄тӏ-гьэ
stand.IPFV.NPST.F.SG-valinc
та̄нтӏ,
do.IPFV.NPST.F.SG
виттӏ
clothing
ра̄йъ-исс
light-INST.SG
шәъм-ис
candle-gen2.SG
сар-ӣъ
yellow-INST.SG.M
тӣ-ды.
do.INF-CVB
In winter I get up at night, and dress by yellow candlelight.
158. Киттер кьы̄тэ̄тиъ двиъекӏтӏуъ.
Китт-ер
last-NZ
кьы̄т-э̄тиъ
story-gen1.SG
двиъ-екӏтӏуъ.
re-say.IMP.M.SG
Tell the last part of that story again.
159. Тӣтӏуъ тӏукӏэ̄ нитӣды эппӏэ̄ дуъсыгъ.
Тӣтӏуъ
do.IMP.M.SG
тӏукӏ-э̄
fast-advz
ни-тӣ-ды
NEG-do.INF-CVB
эппӏ-э̄
late-advz
дуъсыгъ.
too much
Be quick or you will be too late.
160. Тӏви нә̄ъми сәнтӏитӏиъмай би сәэ мәнитӏиъмай?
Тӏви
2SG.ABS
нә̄ъми
1EXCL.COM
сәнтӏитӏиъ-май
go.PFV.FUT.F.SG-Q.med
би
or
сә-э
DEM-LOC
мәнитӏиъ-май?
wait.PFV.FUT.F.SG-Q.med
Will you go with us or wait here?
161. Ыг тӏә̄сы нәмыргэ̄сы, руънэ̄сы, о̄мыэ гарэ хин нигэнэ̄сы, йәттӏ я̄вэ̄д.
Ыг
wit
тӏә̄сы
3SG.F.eq
нәмырг-э̄сы,
shabby-eq.F
руън-э̄сы,
ragged-eq.F
о̄м-ы-э
day-ERG.PL-LOC
гар-э
cold-LOC
хин
int
ни-гэн-э̄сы,
NEG-comfortable-eq.F
йәттӏ
be.IPFV.PST.F.SG
я̄вэ̄д.
always
She was always, shabby, often ragged, and on cold days very uncomfortable.
162. Вӣцӏуъухъ пӏӯвэ̄, тӣтӏуъ ттым.
Вӣцӏуъ-ухъ
know.IMP.M.SG-valdec
пӏӯв-э̄,
first-advz
тӣтӏуъ
do.IMP.M.SG
ттым.
then
Think first and then act.
163. Ми, кӏӣныргэ̄сы кывәсы, кӏуссыънэ пәнджәрдэ тӏа̄нтӏ, ппӏәрэ̄с нӯкктиъ уъпӏтӏэйәнцӏэ̄с диркӏгьэды.
Ми,
1SG.ABS
кӏӣн-рг-э̄сы
mite-DIM-eq
кыв-әсы,
girl-eq
кӏусс-ыънэ
chair-sup
пәнджәр-дэ
window-LAT
тӏа̄нтӏ,
stand.PFV.PST.F.SG
ппӏәр-э̄с
seed-ABS.PL
нӯкк-тиъ
snow.ABS-gen1.SG
уъпӏтӏэ-йәнцӏ-э̄с
sub.LAT-go.IPFV.NPST.PTCP-ABS.PL.F
диркӏ-гьэ-ды.
see.INF-valinc-CVB
I stood, a little mite of a girl, upon a chair by the window, and watched the falling snowflakes.
164. Сӯъй митиъ, вит сэпәнджэ̄с сә кӏавкӏыс диркӏинтӏуъ сәта̄рӣхис әхӯмәш екӏды.
Сӯъй
son
митиъ,
1SG.gen1
вит
CAUS.M
сэпәндж-э̄с
guest-ABS.PL
сә
DEM
кӏавкӏ-ыс
shell-ABS.PL
диркӏинтӏуъ
see.IMP.M.PL
сә-та̄рӣх-ис
N-history-gen2.SG
әхӯм-әш
strange-gen2.SG.M
екӏ-ды.
say.INF-CVB
Show the guests these shells, my son, and tell them their strange history.
165. Бәч висербыд нигӯътӏуъ тӏыпӏтӏ.
Бәч
sup
вис-ер-быд
good-NZ-TERM
ни-гӯътӏуъ
NEG-be.IMP.M.SG
тӏыпӏтӏ.
satisfied
Be satisfied with nothing but your best.
166. Нә̄ъ тӏэ̄ до̄ттӏэ̄сы ӏәмӣнәсы ы̄витиъ диркӏинтӏ.
Нә̄ъ
1EXCL.ERG
тӏэ̄
3PL.M.ABS
до̄ттӏ-э̄сы
friend-eq
ӏәмӣн-әсы
loyal-eq.M
ы̄витиъ
1EXCL.gen1
диркӏинтӏ.
see.PFV.PRES.M.PL
We consider them our faithful friends.
167. Вӣ дә̄м сә джа̄гӣ опӏитӏиъ.
Вӣ
1INCL.ERG
дә̄м
house.ABS
сә
DEM
джа̄г-ӣ
place-INST.SG
опӏитӏиъ.
make.PFV.FUT.F.SG
We will make this place our home.
168. Гӯ санджа̄бэ̄с ццӏаниъзәм муъръэ̄с гьу тәшшэ̄с тӣнтӏ тӏипӏ гьу гэн.
Гӯ
nwit
санджа̄б-э̄с
squirrel-ERG.PL
ццӏа-ниъз-әм
F-nest-ABS.PL
муъръ-э̄с
moss-INST.PL
гьу
and
тәшш-э̄с
leaf-INST.PL
тӣнтӏ
do.PFV.PRES.M.PL
тӏипӏ
warm
гьу
and
гэн.
comfortable
The squirrels make their nests warm and snug with soft moss and leaves.
169. Гӯ кывыргәс коч витӯъргтиъ уъпӏытӏ эвэ̄.
Гӯ
nwit
кыв-рг-әс
girl-DIM-ERG.SG
коч
dress
витӯърг-тиъ
doll-gen1.SG
уъпӏытӏ
make.PFV.PST.N.SG
эв-э̄.
one-advz
The little girl made the doll's dress herself.
170. Ик пӏӣм сӣ ллытӏ.
Ик
1SG.ERG
пӏӣм
pain
сӣ
REFL.DAT
ллытӏ.
put.PFV.PST.N.SG
I hurt myself.
171. Би иба̄тӏ.
Би
REFL.ABS
иба̄тӏ.
say.IPFV.PST.F.SG
She was talking to herself.
172. Ыг тӏәм цайц ӏәмӣнәсы упӏытӏ.
Ыг
wit
тӏәм
3SG.M.ERG
цайц
proof
ӏәмӣн-әсы
trustworthy-eq.M
упӏытӏ.
make.PFV.PST.M.SG
He proved himself trustworthy.
173. Нә̄ъ би видәд дәркӏнинтӏыъ.
Нә̄ъ
1EXCL.ERG
би
REFL.ABS
вид-әд
water-ABL
дәркӏнинтӏ-ыъ.
see.PFV.PST.F.PL-abil
We could see ourselves in the water.
174. Тӣтӏуъ эвэ̄.
Тӣтӏуъ
do.IMP.M.SG
эв-э̄.
one-advz
Do it yourself.
175. Ик иъгь сӣ тытӏ.
Ик
1SG.ERG
иъгь
shame
сӣ
REFL.DAT
тытӏ.
bear.PFV.PRES.N.SG
I feel ashamed of myself.
176. Сәэ сицӏуъ эвэ̄.
Сә-э
DEM-LOC
сицӏуъ
sit.IMP.M.SG
эв-э̄.
one-advz
Sit here by yourself.
177. Ыг кочс вицәпуръыргәш накъш выдэ̄сы, бо̄шшәсы бә̄внеиси до̄лэ̄с, ттӏилтӏә.
Ыг
wit
коч-с
dress-ERG.SG
вицәпуръ-рг-әш
princess-DIM-gen2
накъш
embroidery
выд-э̄сы,
rose-eq
бо̄шш-әсы
flower-eq
бә̄вн-е-иси
homeland-adjz-eq.N
до̄л-э̄с,
country-gen2
ттӏилтӏә.
put.PFV.PASS.M.SG
The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country.
178. Ыг варэ̄с рутэ̄с, нӣш дәрруътиъ, ыъндэбо̄гнинтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
They wore red caps, the symbol of liberty.
179. Тӏәми сакъӏисы, нә̄ъ бэ̄ къэрымӣ нибытӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
With him as our protector, we fear no danger.
180. Гӯ ццӏахханер виъс; дантӏэлыс, сэритӏыс, пӏәрнәм; сандӯкъиндэ ттӏилнинтӏ ррэкь.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
All her finery, lace, ribbons, and feathers, was packed away in a trunk.
181. Гӯ тӏәм луквэ̄сы, пӏәрнәсы, дәркӏытӏухъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Light he thought her, like a feather.
182. Виръинэ гьу ссыъсинэ угь, хисыъмыс ы̄витиъ нә̄ъс игъӣнтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Every spring and fall our cousins pay us a long visit.
183. Ыг ӏикълӣмэ нә̄ъм тӏын киъмыънэ мытӏ голл.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
In our climate the grass remains green all winter.
184. Ыг пӏуъкьӏ китә̄б игъимды әдсинтӏытӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
The boy who brought the book has gone.
185. Тӏәссы бо̄шшәсы тӏӯъ гьар екӏ гӯънтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
These are the flowers that you ordered.
186. Ик китә̄б тӏви мэ̄ дӯды ӣхатӏ кор.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I have lost the book that you gave me.
187. Гӯ гьуъсәр нэ̄ тирды тәкъа̄з мухӣ якӏатӏ нӯъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
The fisherman who owned the boat now demanded payment.
188. Дэсинттӏуъ тӏви дэекӏгьэды ттым.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Come when you are called.
189. Ми динэ ыб тӣссәды минитӏиъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I shall stay at home if it rains.
190. Ыг тӏәм ми диркӏцы чӏигьытӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
When he saw me, he stopped.
191. Мӣ екӏтӏ мэ̄ ккӏӯнәсэ хин далгынэ быдякӏтӏуъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Do not laugh at me because I seem so absent minded.
192. Ик пӏӯх китә̄бнӣ тӏо ю̄ътӏәш ттутӏиъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I shall lend you the books that you need.
193. Иснэ̄нэ әвшэ тӣыъссәды дэсәнттӏуъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Come early next Monday if you can.
194. Кӏоридорэ дэсинтӏссәды әвшэ̄ минтӏуъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
If you come early, wait in the hall.
195. Ик бырэ̄тӏсәр е тӏәрн ниминсы Къогайсы ибиртӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I had a younger brother whose name was Qogay.
196. Та̄чәсы ынуъсы бырэджәсы буътнуъпӏигъ гӯъды.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Gnomes are little men who live under the ground.
197. Ыг тӏәм гьуъпп виъсерэ ттӏытӏә, хӯ синг тӏәтирды.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
He is loved by everybody, because he has a gentle disposition.
198. Икӏ ми синтӏцы иъшш вар имцы тиртӏуъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Hold the horse while I run and get my cap.
199. Ик гьәълкъ ӣхды кор дәркӏтӏгьэ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I have found the ring I lost.
200. Екӏтӏуъ сокӏ, ик къӏэн ыъкӏэтӏиъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Play and I will sing.
201. Тӏә̄сы кьы̄тэ̄сы бәч кьӏачӏэ̄сы ик диркӏды нӯъ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
That is the funniest story I ever heard.
202. Ыг биркэ̄сы ццӏабырэ̄тӏръӣ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
She is taller than her brother.
203. Ыг ни е ве̄тӏәсы нә̄с.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
They are no wiser than we.
204. Ра̄йъ синттӏ е тӏукӏэ̄ воккӏӣ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Light travels faster than sound.
205. Вӣ зәм е мигъәсы тӏэ̄мәс тиртӏ
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
We have more time than they.
206. Гӯ тӏә̄м до̄ттӏэ̄с е мигъэ̄сы дошмәнымәс тәринтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
She has more friends than enemies.
207. Ыг муккӏэ̄неәсы биврәсы гӯънтӏ, тӏәпӏыъкчӏиъми гьу тӏәтӏыъкӏми диныргигъ нӯъкӏигъ ортәсы гьу әсәнгәсы гӯънтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
He was very poor, and with his wife and five children lived in a little low cabin of logs and stones.
208. Э̄н екӏды ттым, е̄нчӏа̄сәр сар тӏәпаймо̄знӣ ллытӏ пӏыэ̄ тӏәмдэ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
When the wind blew, the traveler wrapped his mantle more closely around him.
209. Ми ым синтӏды вӣцӏ кӏыриъчч.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I am sure that we can go.
210. Ы̄в джа̄гдэ вӣ выдэ̄с диркӏды двиъсәнтӏнинтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
We went back to the place where we saw the roses.
211. Па̄гцӏа̄сәр кӏо «Сә дыро̄всы биркисы двә̄ виъгьы дикӏы футеисы.»
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
"This tree is fifty feet high," said the gardener.
212. Ми вӣдухъды сә пӏайс әдсинтӏитӏиъ о̄мэ̄ әвшэ̄ пӏукӏ минуте.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I think that this train leaves five minutes earlier today.
213. Гьәмәтӏиъсы мәс вә̄лӣ тӏәмӣ тӣтӏиъ гъәфар.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
My opinion is that the governor will grant him a pardon.
214. Гӯ нивӣцӏә сә кӏәлъәд синтӏды кӏуэ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Why he has left the city is a mystery.
215. Ыг дә̄м тӏырӣ тӏокӏбыд тӏа̄тӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
The house stands where three roads meet.
216. Ыг тӏәм гьарац хин е мигъ әъкьинӣ тыринтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
He has far more money than brains.
217. Гӯ сә бә̄буъсы япӏисы ытэ̄л, нидисмәс гьу шо̄кәра̄нэ̄мәс мигъэ̄мәс дэнэкӏды диркӏды.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Evidently that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the great hemlocks grow close against it.
218. Ми кывырг дә̄мыргтиъ дәркӏнинтӏзәм; кӏо әкӏтӏә̄ йә̄р тыринтӏ.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
I met a little cottage girl; she was eight years old, she said.