Germian: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image            = [[File:Germian Flag.png|thumb]]
|image            = File:Germian Flag.png
|imagesize        = 185px
|imagesize        = 185px
|imagecaption      = The Germian flag is inspired by the Dutch, German, British and Swedish flags.
|imagecaption      = The Germian flag is inspired by the Dutch, German, British and Swedish flags. The crossing represents the intertwining of languages.
|name              = Germian
|name              = Germian
|nativename        = Germic
|nativename        = Germic
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|created          = 2022
|created          = 2022
|setting          = [[Germanic languages]]
|setting          = [[Germanic languages]]
|states            = Anyone
|fam1              = Indo-European
|fam1              = Indo-European
|fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3              = [[w:North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] [[w:West Germanic languages|West Germic]]
|fam3              = [[w:North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] [[w:West Germanic languages|West Germic]]
|CLCR              = -
|CLCR              = -
|creator          = Jeppesper
|creator          = User:Jeppesper
|script1          = Latn
|script1          = Latn
|notice            = IPA
|notice            = IPA
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{{private}}
{{private}}


Germian ('''Germic''' IPA: '''/germiʃ/''') is a conlang created by Jeppesper beginning in 2022, ''germ'' stands for it being based of off Germanic languages. It could be considered an engineered language since it is constructed to be regular, simple, recognizable, lack grammatical gender and gender differentiation of nouns/pronouns. The conlang is mainly based on English, German, Dutch and Swedish, but it has to smaller extends also been influenced by Afrikaans, Danish, Norwegian, Yiddish, West-frisian, Luxembourgish and Icelandic.
Germian ('''Germic''' IPA: '''/germiʃ/''') is a conlang created by Jeppesper beginning in 2022, ''germ'' stands for it being based of off Germanic languages. It could be thought of as a conditioned language since it is constructed to be regular, simple, recognizable and to lack grammatical gender and gender differentiation of nouns/pronouns. The conlang is mainly based on English, German, Dutch and Swedish, but it has to smaller extends also been influenced by Afrikaans, Danish, Norwegian, Yiddish, West-frisian, Luxembourgish and Icelandic.


==Qualities==
==Qualities==
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{| class="wikitable article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 490px; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 490px; text-align:center;"
! scope="row" |'''100%'''
! scope="row" |'''100%'''
|'''Phonetic alphabet'''
|'''Phonemic orthography'''
|-
|-
! scope="row" |'''100%'''
! scope="row" |'''100%'''
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|'''Yy'''
|'''Yy'''
|'''Zz'''
|'''Zz'''
|-
! scope="row" |Braille
|'''⠠⠁ ⠁'''
|'''⠠⠃ ⠃'''
|'''⠠⠉ ⠉'''
|'''⠠⠋ ⠋'''
|'''⠠⠑ ⠑'''
|'''⠠⠋ ⠋'''
|'''⠠⠛ ⠛'''
|'''⠠⠓ ⠓'''
|'''⠠⠊ ⠊'''
|'''⠠⠚ ⠚'''
|'''⠠⠨ ⠨'''
|'''⠠⠸ ⠸'''
|'''⠠⠍ ⠍'''
|'''⠠⠝ ⠝'''
|'''⠠⠕ ⠕'''
|'''⠠⠏ ⠏'''
|'''⠠⠟ ⠟'''
|'''⠠⠗ ⠗'''
|'''⠠⠎ ⠎'''
|'''⠠⠞ ⠞'''
|'''⠠⠥ ⠥'''
|'''⠠⠧ ⠧'''
|'''⠠⠺ ⠺'''
|'''⠠⠭ ⠭'''
|'''⠠⠽ ⠽'''
|'''⠠⠮ ⠮'''
|-
|-
! scope="row" |Sound
! scope="row" |Sound
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|-
|-
!Name
!Name
|laang a
|lang a
|laang e
|lang e
|laang i
|lang i
|laang o
|lang o
|laang u
|lang u
|laang y
|lang y
|/ɛŋ/
|/ɛŋ/
|/a͡ɪ/
|/a͡ɪ/
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|/a͡ʊ/
|/a͡ʊ/
|/ɔ͡ʊ/
|/ɔ͡ʊ/
|-
|}
===Translitteration of foreign letters/sounds===
{| class="wikitable article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 900px; text-align:center;"
! scope="row" |Foreign letters
|'''Ðð'''
|'''Þþ'''
|'''Åå'''
|'''Ææ Ää'''
|'''Öö Øø'''
|'''Üü'''
|'''ẞß'''
|-
! scope="row" |Foreign sounds
|/ð/
|/θ/
|/o/
|/æ/
|/œ/ /ø/
|/ɵ/ /ʉ/
|/s/
|-
!Germian translitteration
|dh
|th
|ao
|ae
|oe
|ue
|ss
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Phonotactics==
==Phonotactics==
There are no silent letters.
*Note: These phonotactics may  vary for loan words and words with foreign letter/sound translitterations.
 
1. There are no silent letters.
 
2. There is no phonemic reduced vowel sound like English's /ə/.


There is no phonemic reduced vowel sound like english's /ə/.
3. Multiple consonants, vowels and diphthong combinations interact as follows:


'''Double consonants (that aren't part of a digraph) are pronounced with a syllable break:'''
'''Double consonants (that aren't part of a digraph) are pronounced with a syllable break:'''


<small>'''Example:''' bb = /b.b/</small>
<small>'''Example:''' bb = /b.b/</small>
'''Vowels following each other that are not part of a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are <u>not</u> pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:'''
<small>'''Example:''' ia = /ɪa/
'''Example:''' iea = /ɪɛa/
'''Example:''' aioe = /a͡ɪ.ɔɛ/
</small>




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<small>'''Example:''' aii = /a͡ɪ.ɪ/
<small>'''Example:''' aii = /a͡ɪ.ɪ/
'''<u>Not like:</u>''' aii = /a.iː/


'''Example:''' eei = /eː.ɪ/
'''Example:''' eei = /eː.ɪ/
'''<u>Not like:</u>''' aii = /a.iː/


'''<u>Not like:</u>''' eei = /ɛ.ɛ͡ɪ/</small>
'''<u>Not like:</u>''' eei = /ɛ.ɛ͡ɪ/</small>
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'''Example:''' aaa = /ɑː.a/</small>
'''Example:''' aaa = /ɑː.a/</small>
'''Vowels following each other that are not part of a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are <u>not</u> pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:'''
<small>'''Example:''' ia = /ɪa/
'''Example:''' iea = /ɪɛa/
'''Example:''' aioe = /a͡ɪ.ɔɛ/
</small>


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Syntax===
===Syntax===
'''SVO''' (subject–verb–object)
Germian syntax follows a '''SVO''' (subject–verb–object) word order.


'''Descriptive examples:'''
'''Descriptive examples:'''
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</small>
</small>


<sup>'''Example:''' Vat<sup>1</sup> wilt<sup>4</sup> duu<sup>3</sup> dun<sup>5 6</sup>? ⇄ What<sup>1</sup> do<sup>2</sup> you<sup>3</sup> want<sup>4</sup> to<sup>5</sup> do<sup>6</sup>?</sup>
<sup>'''Example:''' Vat<sup>1</sup> wilte<sup>4</sup> duu<sup>3</sup> dun<sup>5 6</sup>? ⇄ What<sup>1</sup> do<sup>2</sup> you<sup>3</sup> want<sup>4</sup> to<sup>5</sup> do<sup>6</sup>?</sup>


<sup>'''Example:''' Jaik<sup>1</sup> brauke<sup>4</sup> <sup>3</sup> gou<sup>5 6</sup>? What<sup>1</sup> do<sup>2</sup> you<sup>3</sup> want<sup>4</sup> to<sup>5</sup> do<sup>6</sup>?</sup>
<sup>'''Example:''' Vii<sup>1</sup> brauke<sup>2</sup> gouen<sup>3</sup> in<sup>4</sup> de<sup>5</sup> morgen<sup>6</sup>. We<sup>1</sup> usually<sup>2</sup> walk<sup>3</sup> in<sup>4</sup> the<sup>5</sup> morning<sup>6</sup>.</sup>
=====Vocabulary=====
 
-
<sup>'''Example:''' Siien<sup>4</sup> du<sup>2</sup> et<sup>5</sup> nite<sup>3</sup>? ⇄ Do<sup>1</sup> you (s.)<sup>2</sup> not<sup>3</sup> see<sup>4</sup> it<sup>5</sup>?</sup>


===Noun declenations===
===Noun declenations===
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! style="width: 90px; " |Plural
! style="width: 90px; " |Plural
|-
|-
!Nominative:
!Nominative-Definite
definite article
|de kat
|de kat
|de kat'''es'''
|de kat'''es'''
|-
|-
!Nominative:
!Nominative-Indefinite
indefinite article
|ain kat
|ain kat
|(vleere) kat'''es'''
|(vleere) kat'''es'''
|-
|-
!Genitive:
!Possessive-Definite
definite article
|de kat'''ese'''
|de kat'''ese'''
|de kat'''eses'''
|de kat'''eses'''
|-
|-
!Genitive:
!Possessive-Indefinite
indefinite article
|ain kat'''ese'''
|ain kat'''ese'''
|(vleere) kat'''eses'''
|(vleere) kat'''eses'''
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=====Vocabulary=====
=====Vocabulary=====
 
<sup>ain ⇄ a, an (singular indefinite article)</sup>
<sup>ain ⇄ a/an (singular indefinite article)</sup>


<sup>de ⇄ the (definite article)</sup>
<sup>de ⇄ the (definite article)</sup>
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<sup>vleere ⇄ several (plural indefinite "article")</sup>
<sup>vleere ⇄ several (plural indefinite "article")</sup>
=====Noun affixes=====
-'''er''' ⇄ (making-subject e.g. English's employ'''er''')
-'''iie''' ⇄ (making-object e.g. English's employ'''ee''')
-'''ing''' ⇄ (state/condition e.g. English's child'''hood''')


===Verb conjugations===
===Verb conjugations===
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|sain ⇄ am/is/are
|sain ⇄ am/is/are
|sain'''e''' ⇄ being
|sain'''e''' ⇄ being
|'''ha'''sain ⇄ have/has been
|'''ha'''sain'''en''' ⇄ have/has been
|
|
|-
|-
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|sain'''d''' ⇄ was/were
|sain'''d''' ⇄ was/were
|sain'''de''' ⇄ was/were being
|sain'''de''' ⇄ was/were being
|'''had'''sain ⇄ had been
|'''had'''sain'''en''' ⇄ had been
|
|
|-
|-
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|'''vil''' sain ⇄ will be
|'''vil''' sain ⇄ will be
|'''vil''' sain'''e''' ⇄ will become
|'''vil''' sain'''e''' ⇄ will become
|'''vil''' '''ha'''sain ⇄ will have been
|'''vil''' '''ha'''sain'''en''' ⇄ will have been
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|
|
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''sain ⇄ would have been
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''sain'''en''' ⇄ would have been
|'''skalde''' sain ⇄ would be
|'''skalde''' sain ⇄ would be
|-
|-
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|dun ⇄ do
|dun ⇄ do
|dun'''e''' ⇄ doing
|dun'''e''' ⇄ doing
|'''ha'''dun ⇄ have/has done
|'''ha'''dun'''en''' ⇄ have/has done
|
|
|-
|-
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|dun'''d''' ⇄ did
|dun'''d''' ⇄ did
|dun'''de''' ⇄ was/were doing
|dun'''de''' ⇄ was/were doing
|'''had'''dun ⇄ had done
|'''had'''dun'''en''' ⇄ had done
|
|
|-
|-
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|'''vil''' dun ⇄ will do
|'''vil''' dun ⇄ will do
|'''vil''' dun'''e''' ⇄ will be doing
|'''vil''' dun'''e''' ⇄ will be doing
|'''vil''' '''ha'''dun ⇄ will have done
|'''vil''' '''ha'''dun'''en''' ⇄ will have done
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|
|
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''dun ⇄ would have done
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''dun'''en''' ⇄ would have done
|'''skalde''' dun ⇄ would do
|'''skalde''' dun ⇄ would do
|-
|-
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|hav ⇄ have
|hav ⇄ have
|hav'''e''' ⇄ having
|hav'''e''' ⇄ having
|'''ha'''hav ⇄ have/has had
|'''ha'''hav'''en''' ⇄ have/has had
|
|
|-
|-
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|hav'''d''' ⇄ had
|hav'''d''' ⇄ had
|hav'''de''' ⇄ was/were having
|hav'''de''' ⇄ was/were having
|'''had'''hav ⇄ had had
|'''had'''hav'''en''' ⇄ had had
|
|
|-
|-
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|'''vil''' hav ⇄ will have
|'''vil''' hav ⇄ will have
|'''vil''' hav'''e''' ⇄ will be having
|'''vil''' hav'''e''' ⇄ will be having
|'''vil''' '''ha'''hav ⇄ will have had
|'''vil''' '''ha'''hav'''en''' ⇄ will have had
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|
|
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''hav ⇄ would have had
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''hav'''en''' ⇄ would have had
|'''skalde''' hav ⇄ would have
|'''skalde''' hav ⇄ would have
|-
|-
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  berhauce ⇄ need
  berhauce ⇄ need


  brauke ⇄ brukar (SE)/usually do
  brauke ⇄ <span lang="sv" dir="ltr">brukar</span>, usually do


  burt ⇄ ought
  burt ⇄ ought


  durfo ⇄ may/permitted to/allowed to/få (SE)/dürf (DE)
  durfo ⇄ may, to be permitted to, to be allowed to, <span lang="de" dir="ltr">dürf</span>, <span lang="sv" dir="ltr"></span>


  kan ⇄ can/to be able
  kan ⇄ can, to be able


  kaunde ⇄ could
  kaunde ⇄ could
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  taure ⇄ dare
  taure ⇄ dare


  vil ⇄ will/going to
  vil ⇄ will, going to


  wilte ⇄ want
  wilte ⇄ want


=====Verb suffixes=====
=====Verb affixes=====
-'''en''' ⇄ (making-verb)
-'''en''' ⇄ (making-verb)


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|vit'''e''' ⇄ whitening
|vit'''e''' ⇄ whitening
|vit'''en''' de tands ⇄ whiten the teeth
|vit'''en''' de tands ⇄ whiten the teeth
|de vit'''e''' of de tands ⇄ the whitening of the teeth
|de vit'''e''' faun de tands ⇄ the whitening of the teeth
|-
|-
|}
|}
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'''un'''- ⇄ (deprive)
'''un'''- ⇄ (deprive)


'''ike-'''- ⇄ (negate)
'''ike'''- ⇄ (negate)


{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 550px; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 550px; text-align:center;"
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<sup>et ⇄ it</sup>
<sup>et ⇄ it</sup>


<sup>fiil ⇄ many/much/a lot</sup>
<sup>fiil ⇄ many, much, a lot</sup>


<sup>groos ⇄ big</sup>
<sup>groos ⇄ big</sup>
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<sup>klim ⇄ little
<sup>klim ⇄ little
</sup>
</sup>
<sup>meer ⇄ even more/additional</sup>
<sup>meer ⇄ even more, additional</sup>


<sup>sain ⇄ am/is/are</sup>
<sup>sain ⇄ am/is/are</sup>
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<sup>wilte ⇄ want</sup>
<sup>wilte ⇄ want</sup>


=====Adjective suffix=====
=====Adjective affix=====


-'''ic''' ⇄ (making-adjective)/(having qualities of)
-'''ic''' ⇄ (making-adjective)/(having qualities of)
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|-
|-
!'''3rd person'''
!'''3rd person'''
|xiin ⇄ they/this one (s. proximate./former. standard)
|xiin ⇄ they/this one (s. proximate./s. former./standard)


diin ⇄ they/that one (s. obviative./post-former.)
diin ⇄ they/that one (s. obviative./s. post-former.)


et ⇄ it
et ⇄ it
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deiselfs ⇄ themselves (pl.)
deiselfs ⇄ themselves (pl.)
|-
|-
!'''4th person'''
!'''Generic'''
|eim ⇄ one
|eim ⇄ one
|eimse ⇄ one's
|eimse ⇄ one's
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===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Ordinal numbers are marked by adding the suffix "-ce" to a number.
1. Ordinal numbers are marked by adding the suffix "-ce" to a number.
 
2. Spaces are used to group digits in numerals e.g. 20 000.
 
3. Fractions are marked by adding the suffix "-deil" (deil ⇄ part, piece) to a number (exeption for "helft ⇄ half").


Fractions are marked by adding the suffix "-deel" to a number (exeption for "helft ⇄ half").
4. The comma is used as the decimal separator.


===Capitalization===
===Capitalization===
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The proper nouns in Germian are exclusively: personal names, place names, marketed titles and organization names.
The proper nouns in Germian are exclusively: personal names, place names, marketed titles and organization names.
===Punctuation===
'''Apostrophe'''
The apostrophe ( ’, ' ), is used to mark letters omitted in contractions.
'''Brackets'''
Brackets ( [...], (...), {...}, ⟨...⟩ ), are used for parenthesis, explanation or comment.
Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, periods and commas are placed inside the brackets when they apply only to the explanation or comment; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing the material, they are placed outside the marks.
'''Colon'''
The colon ( : ) is used to start an enumeration and it is used between two clauses when the second clause otherwise clarifies the first.
'''Comma'''
The comma ( , ) is used to disambiguate the meaning of sentences, by providing boundaries between clauses and phrases.
The comma is also used as the decimal separator.
'''Dash and hyphen'''
'''The (en-) dash (–) is used:'''
1. as a replacement for a comma, when the subsequent clause significantly shifts the primary focus of the preceding text.
2. to indicate spans or differentiation, where it may replace "and", "to", or "through" e.g. numbers "1–10", and cross countries "US–Canada".
3. to mark someone speaking.
4. to mark the one who said something.
'''The hyphen/hyphen-minus ( ‐ ) is used:'''
1. as a line continuation when a word is broken across two lines.
2. to apply a prefix to a word for which there is no canonical compound word;
'''Ellipsis'''
An ellipsis ( ..., …, . . .) is used to mark omitted text or when a sentence trails off.
'''Exclamation mark'''
The exclamation mark ( ! ) is used to mark an exclamation.
'''Period/full stop/full point'''
The character known as the period/full stop/full point ( . ) serves multiple purposes. It is used to mark the end of a sentence, to indicate abbreviation, including of names as initials, as well as a separation marker when listing things with numbers e.g. "1. 2. 3.".
'''Question mark'''
The question mark ( ? ) is used to mark the end of a sentence which is a question.
'''Quotation marks'''
Quotation marks ( ‘...’, “...”, '...', "..." ) are used in pairs to set off quotation, with two levels for distinguishing nested quotations: single and double. Germian texts favours double quotation marks for the primary quotation.
Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, periods and commas are placed inside the quotation marks when they apply only to the quoted material; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing or introducing the material, they are placed outside the marks.
'''Semicolon'''
The semicolon ( ; ) is used to separate two independent but related clauses. The semicolon is also used to separate list items when the list items contain commas.
'''Slash'''
The slash ( / ) is often used to indicate alternatives or two equivalent meanings or spellings. The slash can also be used in certain set phrases.
===Abbreviations===
Acronyms (initials for a phrase) and abbreviations are used in written Germian. They can be written in all caps, lowercase, title form and with periods.
==Word creation==
A word in Germian is created by looking at the equivalent words for it in English, German, Dutch and Swedish to then find the most prominant phonological features within these equivalent words. Then these features are used to create a word in accordance to germian phonology and orthography. Sometimes it is clear that these languages' equivalent words are very much the same and can be translated very phonologically e.g. through cat /kæt/ in English, Katze /katzɛ
/ in German, kat /kat/ in Dutch and katt /kat/ in Swedish, it becomes kat /kat/ in Germian. Sometimes there are more significant differences between words of the Germanic languages, but if they work well together they can just be merged together. When there are bigger differences between words of the four Germanic languages that can't be merged, then one can look at the word in other Germanic languages to even it out.
When words in the Germanic languages have differences that don't interact well, or when one just has an idea of an interesting sounding variation of the word that fits, then creative liberty can be pursued.
Sometimes there are many words for the same thing in a language, and for diversity's sake, many of them can have a Germian equivalent e.g. "cau" and "halo" from German's "ciao" and "hallo", "dae" from Dutch's "dag", "hei" from Swedish's "hej", "guutein" from English's "have a good one", and then Germian's exclusive "hae".
Sometimes there are strong similarities for a word within two of the four Germanic languages and between the other two Germanic languages but not between all four. Then both pairs get a Germian equivalent but with slightly different meanings e.g. German's "farb" with Swedish's "färg" made the Germian word "farb" (paint), and English's "color" with Dutch's "kleur" made the Germian word "kolur" (color).
====Compound words====
When creating a Germian compound word one ought to look at each of the 4 Germanic languages' equivalent words to decide how it will be formed. There are 3 types of compound words in Germian:
''Closed compound words''
''Example:'' apel + juus = apeljuus ⇄ applejuice
''Example:'' hamburger + brout = hamburgerbrout ⇄ hamburger bun, hamburger bread
''Open compound words''
Many open compound words function as nouns and are formed by combining a noun with another noun or with an adjective.
''Example:'' video speil ⇄ video game
''Example:'' ful moon ⇄ full moon
''Hyphenated compound words''
Hyphens are often used when a compound modifies a noun or verb.
''Example:'' CD + - + caifa = CD-caifa ⇄ CD-disc
''Example:'' maind + - + blasperen = maind-blasperen ⇄ mind-blowing
====Loan words====
Words from any other language that is getting a Germian equivalent will have to adapt the word to Germian phonology and orthography:
''Example:'' déjà vu ⇄ deica vue
Words in the four Germanic languages of which the conlang is based on (English, German, Dutch and Swedish) that are loan words will be treated as any other word:
''Example:'' sushi ⇄ suci
''Example:'' motto ⇄ moto
''Example:'' niche ⇄ niic
Sometimes Germian will loan words directly from one of the four Germanic languages.
''Example:'' Wi-Fi ⇄ Wi-Fi
''Example:'' internet ⇄ internet
====Countries & languages====
Creating words for country/region and language names is done through adapting the most standard and prominent endonymic name phonologically to Germian phonology and orthography e.g. Sverige /svɛrjɛ/ (Sweden) ⇄ Sverje. For languages the suffix "-ic" is added e.g. svenska /svɛnska/ (Swedish) ⇄ svenskaic
Words that are added to indicate specifics like "North" America, "South" America, "West" Frisian and names alike are to be translated to Germian and then added to the country/region or language name accordingly and as a closed compound word e.g. Nordamerika, Saudamerika, Vestfriskic.


==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
| Jaik heiten... ⇄ My name is... || jaik ⇄ I || heiten ⇄ to be referred to as/heter (SE)/heiße (DE)
| Jaik heiten... ⇄ My name is... || jaik ⇄ I || heiten ⇄ to be named, <span lang="de" dir="ltr">heiße</span>, <span lang="ne" dir="ltr">heet</span>, <span lang="sv" dir="ltr">heter</span>
|-
|-
| Vat sain duuse name? ⇄ What is your name? || name ⇄ name || Spraten duu... ⇄ Do you speak...
| Vat sain duuse name? ⇄ What is your name? || name ⇄ name || Spraten duu... ⇄ Do you speak...
Line 784: Line 1,005:
| Jaik spraten nite... ⇄ I don't speak... || Jaik verctond nite. ⇄ I don't understand. || Veir sain de toilet? ⇄ Where is the toilet?
| Jaik spraten nite... ⇄ I don't speak... || Jaik verctond nite. ⇄ I don't understand. || Veir sain de toilet? ⇄ Where is the toilet?
|-
|-
| Vur sain duu?/Vur sain et? ⇄ How are you?/How is it?/How is it going? || Sain duu okee/ok? ⇄ Are you okay? || Sain et okee/ok? ⇄ Is it going okay?
| Vur sain duu?/Vur sain et? ⇄ How are you?/How is it? How is it going? || Sain duu okee/ok? ⇄ Are you okay? || Sain et okee/ok? ⇄ Is it going okay?
|-
|-
| okee/ok ⇄ okay/ok || jaa ⇄ yes || nei ⇄ no
| okee/ok ⇄ okay/ok || jaa ⇄ yes || nei ⇄ no
Line 790: Line 1,011:
| njei ⇄ (yes/no)/well || jee ⇄ yeah || naa ⇄ nah
| njei ⇄ (yes/no)/well || jee ⇄ yeah || naa ⇄ nah
|-
|-
| maince ⇄ maybe || natuurlic ⇄ of course || kain problem ⇄ no problem
| maince ⇄ maybe || natuuric ⇄ of course || kain problem ⇄ no problem
|-
|-
| antswer ⇄ answer || genau/exakt/presiic/korekt/ret ⇄ exactly/precisely/correct/right || inkorekt/falc ⇄ incorrect/false/wrong
| antswer ⇄ answer || genau, exakt, presiic, korekt, ret ⇄ exactly, precisely, correct, right || inkorekt, falc ⇄ incorrect, false/wrong
|-
|-
| tangke ⇄ thanks || tangke duu/juu (s./pl.) ⇄ thank you || fiil tangke ⇄ thank you very much
| tangke ⇄ thanks || tangke duu/juu (s./pl.) ⇄ thank you || fiil tangke ⇄ thank you very much
Line 800: Line 1,021:
| sori ⇄ sorry || sploristop ⇄ sorry, but please lets stop/end this || pardon ⇄ excuse me
| sori ⇄ sorry || sploristop ⇄ sorry, but please lets stop/end this || pardon ⇄ excuse me
|-
|-
| spliifst ⇄ please || ckol ⇄ cheers || grelsing ⇄ greeting
| spliise ⇄ please || ckol ⇄ cheers || grelsing ⇄ greeting
|-
|-
| haloo ⇄ hello || hae ⇄ hi || hei ⇄ hey
| haloo ⇄ hello || hae ⇄ hi || hei ⇄ hey
|-
|-
| dae ⇄ good day/bye/dag (NE) || guutein ⇄ have a good one/goodbye || cau ⇄ bye
| dae ⇄ good day/bye/<span lang="ne" dir="ltr">dag</span> || guutein ⇄ have a good one/goodbye || cau ⇄ bye
|-
|-
| adjoo ⇄ adieu || ferwel ⇄ farewell || sees vii ⇄ see you/see you later
| adjoo ⇄ adieu || ferwel ⇄ farewell || sees vii ⇄ see us: see you/see you later
|-
|-
| wilkom ⇄ welcome/you're welcome || moost wilkom ⇄ most welcome/you are most welcome || guut morgen ⇄ good morning
| wilkom ⇄ welcome/you're welcome || moost wilkom ⇄ most welcome/you are most welcome || guut morgen ⇄ good morning
Line 824: Line 1,045:
# they (singular proximate) ⇄ xiin
# they (singular proximate) ⇄ xiin
# they (singular obviative) ⇄ diin
# they (singular obviative) ⇄ diin
# it ⇄ et
# they (plural) ⇄ dei
# they (plural) ⇄ dei
# this ⇄ dit
# this ⇄ dit
Line 832: Line 1,054:
#  whose ⇄ viis
#  whose ⇄ viis
# what ⇄ vat
# what ⇄ vat
#  why ⇄ vatfuur
#  which ⇄ velke
#  which ⇄ velke
#  why ⇄ vatfuur
# where ⇄ veir
# where ⇄ veir
# when ⇄ van
# when ⇄ van
# how ⇄ vur
# how ⇄ vur
#  what kind of/what something's like ⇄ vurvat
#  what kind of, what something's like ⇄ vurvat
# not ⇄ nite
# not ⇄ nite
# all ⇄ al
# all ⇄ al
Line 862: Line 1,084:
# female ⇄ femlin
# female ⇄ femlin
# male ⇄ manske
# male ⇄ manske
#  hermaphrodite ⇄ herm
#  androgyne ⇄ wenle
#  androgyne ⇄ wenle
#  gender-neutral ⇄ nukjon (nutrei-kjon)
#  gender-neutral ⇄ nukjon (nutrei-kjon)
Line 869: Line 1,092:
#  endo(-sex/cisgender) ⇄ ine(-sec/-kjon)
#  endo(-sex/cisgender) ⇄ ine(-sec/-kjon)
#  trans(-sexual/-gender) ⇄ tverc(-sec/-kjon)
#  trans(-sexual/-gender) ⇄ tverc(-sec/-kjon)
#  diverse/variating/queer ⇄ veirai
#  diverse/variated/queer ⇄ veirai
# human ⇄ huumas
# human ⇄ huumas
# child/youngling ⇄ kind
# child, youngling ⇄ kind
# child/offspring/progeny  ⇄ cinder
# child, progeny  ⇄ cinder
# lifepartner/martial partner ⇄ jaing (extension of "jaik")
# spouse, martial partner ⇄ jaing
# parent ⇄ elder
# parent ⇄ elter
# animal ⇄ diir
# animal ⇄ diir
# fish ⇄ fic
# fish ⇄ fic
Line 902: Line 1,125:
# blood ⇄ blut
# blood ⇄ blut
# bone ⇄ boun
# bone ⇄ boun
# cartilage ⇄ brosk
# fat (noun) ⇄ feit
# fat (noun) ⇄ feit
# grease ⇄ greis
# grease ⇄ greis
Line 910: Line 1,134:
# liver ⇄ leever
# liver ⇄ leever
# egg ⇄ eig
# egg ⇄ eig
# spit/saliva ⇄ speit
# earwax ⇄ oorvax
# sweat ⇄ sveit
# snot ⇄ snot
# bugger ⇄ buge
# teardrop ⇄ treen
# sleepies/eye gunk ⇄ sleps
# horn ⇄ horn
# horn ⇄ horn
# stinger ⇄ stakel
# stinger ⇄ stakel
Line 926: Line 1,143:
# head ⇄ hovd
# head ⇄ hovd
# face ⇄ sicte
# face ⇄ sicte
# chin ⇄ cin
# cheek ⇄ cing
# ear ⇄ oor
# ear ⇄ oor
# auricle ⇄ oormucel
# eye ⇄ ooge
# eye ⇄ ooge
# eyelid ⇄ oogelid
# eyelash ⇄ wimper
# eyebrow ⇄ oogebrei
# nose ⇄ noose
# nose ⇄ noose
# nostril ⇄ noostril
#  snout ⇄ snuut
#  snout ⇄ snuut
# mouth ⇄ mund
# mouth ⇄ mund
Line 944: Line 1,154:
# tongue ⇄ tunge
# tongue ⇄ tunge
# foot ⇄ fut
# foot ⇄ fut
# toe ⇄ too
# heel ⇄ heil
# leg ⇄ leg
# leg ⇄ leg
# knee ⇄ knii
# knee ⇄ knii
# kneepit (kneefold) ⇄ kniiboug
# thigh ⇄ daig
# groin ⇄ laist
# hand ⇄ hand
# hand ⇄ hand
# finger ⇄ finger
# nail (body part) ⇄ nagel
# nail (body part) ⇄ nagel
# claw ⇄ klau
# wing ⇄ ving
# wing ⇄ ving
# belly ⇄ belai
# belly ⇄ belai
#  waist ⇄ taile
#  bellybutton ⇄ naavel
#  stomach ⇄ maage
#  stomach ⇄ maage
hals (DE/SE)/neck-/-throat halse
#  neck ⇄ hals
# neck ⇄ nek
# nape ⇄ nek
#  throat ⇄ froot
#  throat ⇄ keel
#  back ⇄ rug
#  back ⇄ rug
# breast/boob ⇄ brost
# breast, boob ⇄ brost
#  chest ⇄ cest
#  chest ⇄ cest
#  nipple ⇄ nipel
#  ass, butt ⇄ bump
#  ass/butt ⇄ bump
#  buttcheek ⇄ cink/gluut
#  anus ⇄ anus
#  anus ⇄ anus
#  urethra ⇄ uretra
#  urethra ⇄ uretra
Line 977: Line 1,180:
#  penis ⇄ peenis
#  penis ⇄ peenis
#  penis (juvenile) ⇄ pik
#  penis (juvenile) ⇄ pik
#  scrotum/ballsack ⇄ skrung
#  scrotum, ballsack ⇄ skrung
(collective word for penis and scrotum) ⇄ prung
male genitals ⇄ prung
#  glans ⇄ gleiskel
#  glans ⇄ gleiskel
#  testicle ⇄ testikel
#  testicle ⇄ testikel
#  sperm ⇄ sperm
#  sperm ⇄ sperm
# to drink ⇄ dringken
# to drink ⇄ dringken
# to eat ⇄ spiitsen
# to eat ⇄ spiitsen
Line 1,020: Line 1,223:
# to swim ⇄ swimen
# to swim ⇄ swimen
# to fly ⇄ fliigen
# to fly ⇄ fliigen
# to walk/go ⇄ gouen
# to walk, to go ⇄ gouen
# to come ⇄ komen
# to come ⇄ komen
# to lie (lay) ⇄ leegen
# to lie (lay) ⇄ leegen
Line 1,047: Line 1,250:
# to float ⇄ flouten
# to float ⇄ flouten
# to sink ⇄ zingken
# to sink ⇄ zingken
# to flow ⇄ flouen
# to flow ⇄ floisen
# to swell ⇄ svelen
# to swell ⇄ svelen
# to freeze ⇄ friisen
# to freeze ⇄ friisen
# to burn ⇄ branden
# to burn ⇄ brenen
#  body of fire ⇄ fiierbodi
#  fire ⇄ fiier
#  fire ⇄ fiier
#  sun ⇄ son
#  sun ⇄ son
#  star ⇄ ster
#  star ⇄ ster
#  body of earth ⇄ erdbodi
#  earth ⇄ erd
#  earth ⇄ erd
#  moon ⇄ mon
#  moon ⇄ mon
Line 1,062: Line 1,263:
#  dust ⇄ stov
#  dust ⇄ stov
#  gravel ⇄ graus
#  gravel ⇄ graus
#  asphalt ⇄ asfalt
#  boulder ⇄ boulder
#  boulder ⇄ boulder
#  ash ⇄ ask
#  ash ⇄ ask
Line 1,068: Line 1,268:
#  hill ⇄ houvel
#  hill ⇄ houvel
# sand ⇄ sand
# sand ⇄ sand
# road ⇄ veig
# road ⇄ veeg
# earthquake ⇄ erdbeeving
#  body of water ⇄ vaaterbodi
# water ⇄ vaater
# water ⇄ vaater
#  drop ⇄ drop
#  drop ⇄ drop
Line 1,084: Line 1,282:
# mist ⇄ mist
# mist ⇄ mist
# tsunami ⇄ tsunaami
# tsunami ⇄ tsunaami
#  body of air ⇄ luftbodi
#  air ⇄ luft
#  air ⇄ luft
# cloud ⇄ woln
# cloud ⇄ woln
Line 1,090: Line 1,287:
# wind ⇄ wind
# wind ⇄ wind
# smoke ⇄ rook
# smoke ⇄ rook
# tornado tornaado
# disaster katastrof
#  color ⇄ kolur
#  color ⇄ kolur
#  paint ⇄ farb
#  paint ⇄ farb
Line 1,108: Line 1,305:
# gray ⇄ gro
# gray ⇄ gro
# black ⇄ svart
# black ⇄ svart
# brown (dark orange/orange-like colors) ⇄ brun
# brown (dark orange colors) ⇄ brun
# pink (pale red, magenta, cerise) ⇄ rooz
# pink (pale red, magenta, cerise) ⇄ rooz
# beige ⇄ beic
# tan ⇄ taen
# light ⇄ lict
# light ⇄ lict
# hazy ⇄ hazi
# hazy ⇄ hazi
Line 1,124: Line 1,323:
# good ⇄ guut
# good ⇄ guut
# bad ⇄ slect
# bad ⇄ slect
# ripe/mature ⇄ raif
# ripe, mature ⇄ raif
# rotten ⇄ rotnen
# rotten ⇄ rotnen
# clean ⇄ crein
# clean ⇄ crein
Line 1,153: Line 1,352:
# because ⇄ soodat
# because ⇄ soodat
# name ⇄ name
# name ⇄ name
# correct ⇄ korekt
# correct, right ⇄ korekt, ret
# incorrect/false/wrong ⇄ inkorekt/falc   
# incorrect, false/wrong ⇄ inkorekt, falc   
}}
}}


Line 1,160: Line 1,359:
{{Special:PrefixIndex/Germian/|stripprefix=1}}
{{Special:PrefixIndex/Germian/|stripprefix=1}}


==Culture==
==Texts==
 
===Fragments 31===
 
'''Fragments 31''' — Sapfo — Anne Carson
===Cultural philosophy===
('''Stoicism + Buddhism + Absurdism + Individual reflection''')
 
'''Stance on higher power'''
 
1. Does not believe in any higher power(s).
 
2. Everything can be explained by science, only our knowledge is limited.
 
3. Instead of following a faith, one follows philosophy and a just lifestyle:
 
If there is any higher power(s) and they're just, then you will be rewarded by your virtuous acts.
 
If there is any higher power(s) and they're unjust, then you shouldn't want to follow them anyways.
 
If there is no higher power(s), then your virtuous acts will live on in the memory of your loved ones.
 
 
'''Stance on life, death and time'''
 
1. There is most probably nothing after death, since every idea of what we think as an afterlife is just our wishful thinking that we have no basis for believing in.
 
 
2. Existence has no inherent meaning, because life is a fact not a meaning. Life doesn't "lack" meaning because there was never room for meaning to begin with.


Xiin, fuur jaik, saims eqalaik tsoo de gauds dat manske


3. Humans have an inherent need for meaning in a universe were meaning is irrelevant, this is absurd. We either tend to make a leap of faith to something abstract and irrational or turn to physical escape or destruction to escape this absurdity, but one ought to embrace the absurdity instead,
das oposit duu siten


end hooren duu neer


4. ... one should not, however, reject life nor turn to faith when facing this crippling reality. One should instead accept this fact and still rejoice in life and its small things despite or because of their "lack of" meaning, because the fact of these things existing ought to be enough. Or if you will, may the joy and appreciation of "meaninglessness" be an act of rebellion.
spraaken soutlyt




5. Death is not the opposite of life, but an innate preconditioned part of it. Death is not something to fear, avoid, lament or hate. Death is outside our control, our view of death is our responsibility, and we can learn to accept it as a part of life, as neither good nor bad. Grief is of course important when experiencing death, and it ought to be practiced in a healthy way.
en lahen fryktlyt, das inderde


maaken jaikse hart fladeren in jaikse brost;


6. "Memento mori" - "Remember that one [has to] die" works as a reminder of one's mortality and inevitable death. It gives one perspective on life to value one's time since one has been given time in the first place.
fuur van jaik caiken aton duu naur ain kort taid


et sain kain meer moigelic fuur jaik tsoo spraaken


7. "Protect time like your money". Value your time and don't waste any time in the day on the trivial and vain. Don't waste time worrying on problems one can't do anything about, instead one ought to be responsible and to take care of problems one can do something about.


aber et sain als if jaikse tunge sain kaput


8. Practice remembering and cherishing things and experiences more than regretting and mourning the end of them.
end unmidelyt renen ain subtiil fiier over jaikse skind,


Jaik kan nict siien mit jaikse ooges,


9. One ought to approach life with a positive attitude, choosing to look on things positively is a sufficient choice you make every day to reach a realistic state of happiness.
end jaikse oors buze




'''Stance on ego and identity'''
kaudsveit komen over jaik, drerende


1. Ego death refers to the release of self-identification and self-esteem, as well as the need to guard it from harm and the tendency to see the world through the lens of our imagined identities. People who define themselves by e.g. their political inclinations, social standing, skill set, or overall perception of physical attractiveness, often engage with the world as members of these groups and defend these abstractions as they defend themselves. It is a falsehood to associate one's self-entity with these things, as they are external to us and do not require our attachment. Our true selves are the perceptions of our senses, feelings, thoughts, and ability to judge, choose, and have willpower. The real you is the one who experiences, makes decisions and is persuaded of certain things, while everything else is not a fundamental aspect of who you are.
graipen jaik overal, jaik sain bleeker


We are entities with thoughts and opinions that we associate with ourselves, these associations of ourselves with our thoughts and opinions creates our identities. These identities may help convey information but are actually external to us. As our existence is just a conscience of physical experience, we should cease creating self-images from these identities that we think of ourselves as in our thoughts. By eliminating outside notions and assumptions about who we believe ourselves to be, we can better understand ourselves and eliminate the false sense of who we think we are in our thoughts. It is only our thoughts that can affect our serenity, but they are also just memories and imagination, they are not real experiences in the moment, they are in fact just sensory input that we have the control over.
dan greis, end jaik saims neerlyt


tsoo hacdurden.


2. To reach the full and true potential of your intellect, you ought to unblock your survival from fear, pleasure from regret, willpower from shame, love from grief, truth from lies, insight from illusion and pure conscience of experience from worldly desires.


aber alding must hatauren, sinds ...




'''Disciplines/Principles/Practices'''
------------------------------


1. Only virtue is good, only vice is bad, everything else is indifferent. Virtue is sufficient for happiness.


Practice and strive for the 4 stoic virtues: Justice, wisdom, temperance and courage. Avoid the 4 vices: Injustice, foolishness, intemperance and cowardice.
That man seems to me to be equal to the gods


Wisdom means being able to tell what's right and what's wrong without prejudice, approaching everything logically and calmy and understand what is to be chosen or avoided. Justice means to always be fair and do the right thing even when something is wrong. Courage is to do the right thing even if you feel like it can be harmful for you, facing challenges and struggles without complaint, applying wisdom to things we fear. Temperance is the willpower for volontary self-restraint and moderation to things we are attracted to and ought not to be gluttoned.
who is sitting opposite you


and hears you nearby


2. After the first impression, interpretation of reality, and emotional analysis of an event, one should not go for the emotional response, one should instead make a rational analysis and then a rational response.
speaking sweetly




3. Anger is an emotion that erodes the fabric of who we are. Thus, one ought to learn how to control it, a way to do this is to remember: "It isn't potent (manly) to be enraged. Rather, gentleness and civility are more human, and therefore more potent (manlier)." and that "One's anger is more likely to do more harm than how much someone is wrong".
and laughing delightfully, which indeed


makes my heart flutter in my breast;


4. Follow The Three Stoic Disciplines of Desire, Action and Assent
for when I look at you even for a short time,


it is no longer possible for me to speak


5. Practice mindfulness, meditation and seek nature to find tranquility and clarity.




6. Follow the 5 Buddhist precepts as a form of standard behavior: Don't abuse words, don't abuse senses, don't intoxicate, don't take what is not given and don't kill.
but it is as if my tongue is broken


and immediately a subtle fire has run over my skin,


7. Acknowledge, appreciate, respect and value: Nature and life, others' humanity and diversity, community and individuality, learning new things, experiences and change.
I cannot see anything with my eyes,


and my ears are buzzing


8. Practice responsibility and kindness, avoid laziness and cruelty


a cold sweat comes over me, trembling


9. Always remember to be responsible and to mindfully organize these 7 things when one is lost: self, health, environment, relationships, work, interests and experiences.
seizes me all over, I am paler


than grass, and I seem nearly


10. One ought to follow a Nonviolent Communication (NVC) style, also called Giraffe language, to reach the most efficient, optimal and rational conclusion. Explain the situation/problem, explain how it affects, explain what is needed, and give suggestions how to compromise.
to have died.


===Prosoponyms===
'''Constructed Germian personal names''' (all unisex)
{{col-auto|siwa|Aic|Alet|Aulim|Beiwa|Bjel|Caru|Deviv|Eedam|Eevis|Eilex|Eica|Evlet|Ezin|Feeli|Gliio|Haime|Iiden|Iikiv|Ikim|Iz|Jei|Jeimly|Jesin|Jii|Joisen|Jota|Jyn|Keea|Kei|Kelty|Kiia|Klei|Kouli|Kyn|Kyvi|Laarem|Lenuu|Lexin|Lii|Lonel|Lysu|Marjom|Muue|Naaga|Ngoli|Ngiika|Nixei|Olasa|Oili|Ouza|Peit|Qaali|Qarel|Qen|Qin|Qonik|Riica|Robi|Ryli|Seine|Seiwin|Siien|Solve|Tei|Usuj|Uuli|Vei|Venel|Vylyn|Wyn|Xima|Ylois|Yyvei|Zene}}


==Example texts==
but everything must be dared/endured, since ...
-


[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Germian]]