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'''Indeyivroplu''' (''indëjivroplu'' / ''индейивроплу'' [https://voca.ro/1nCMufpDpXc4 '''🔊''']) is a personal constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure.  In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'', rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (one from each I.E. branch, in decreasing order of prevalence).  There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages and even some fully unique root words.  
'''Indevroplu''' (''indėvroplu'' / индевроплу [https://voca.ro/13qHtyM6jysm '''🔊''']), formerly known as '''Indeyivroplu''', is an Indo-European constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, due to its goals of maintaining an absolute logic in structure and reforming connections between all living branches of the Indo-European (I.E.) language family.  In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indevroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'', rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in decreasing order of prevalence).  There are however some morphemes (word roots) loaned from non-I.E. languages, and even a few unique ''a priori'' roots.  I first published my work on this conlang in 2024, and still continue to expand its vocabulary while translating text into it.  


The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and several inspirations received from other world languages.  Indeyivroplu is a synthetic language, notable for its inflection based on part of speech and frequent agglutination, but lack of grammatical gender or cases.
The structure of Indevroplu is holistically a mixture between common I.E. patterns and a few inspirations received from other world languages and conlangs.  It is a synthetic language, notable for its inflections based on part of speech, frequent agglutination (compounding of words), and lack of grammatical gender, cases, or articles.
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =  
|image =  
|imagesize = 100px
|imagesize = 100px
|name = Indeyivroplu
|name = Indevroplu
|nativename = indëjivroplu<br>индейивроплу
|nativename = indėvroplu<br>индевроплу
|creator = [[User:Palachu|Palachu]]
|creator = [[User:Palachu|Palachu]]
|setting = Eastern Europe; fictional Earth
|setting = fictional; southeastern Europe
|pronunciation=in.d̪ɪ̞ˌjiˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞
|pronunciation=in.d̪ɪ̞ˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞
|region = Tsaxikézaf
|region = Melézaf
|created = 2017
|created = 2017-2025
|script1      = Latn
|script1      = Latn
|script2      = Cyrl
|script2      = Cyrl
Line 20: Line 20:


===Orthography===
===Orthography===
[https://voca.ro/1fplZ3DDgD6l <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen to alphabet]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Letter-Latin !! Letter-Cyrillic !! IPA Equiv.
!  Order  !! Letter-''Latin'' !! Letter-''Cyrillic'' !! IPA Equiv.
|-
| 1 || '''Aa''' || '''Аа''' || [a]
|-
| 2 || '''Bb''' || '''Бб''' || [b]
|-
|-
| Aa || Аа || [a]
| 3 || '''Cc''' || '''Цц''' || [t͡sʰ]
|-
|-
| Bb || Бб || [b]
| 4 || '''Čč''' || '''Чч''' || [t̠͡ʃʰ]
|-
|-
| Dd || Дд || [d̪]
| 5 || '''Dd''' || '''Дд''' || [d̪]
|-
|-
| Ee || Ээ || [ɛ]
| 6 || '''Ee''' || '''Ээ''' || [ɛ]
|-  
|-  
| Ëë || Ее || [ɪ̞]
| 7 || '''Ėė''' || '''Ее''' || [ɪ̞]
|-
|-
| Ff || Фф || [f]
| 8 || '''Ff''' || '''Фф''' || [f]
|-
|-
| Gg || Гг || [g]
| 9 || '''Gg''' || '''Гг''' || [g]
|-
|-
| Ğğ || Ғғ || [ɣ]
| 10 || '''Ğğ''' || '''Ғғ''' || [ɣ]
|-
|-
| Hh || Ҳҳ || [h]
| 11 || '''Hh''' || '''Ҳҳ''' || [h]
|-
|-
| Ii || Ии || [i]
| 12 || '''Ii''' || '''Ии''' || [i]
|-
|-
| Jj || Йй || [j]
| 13 || '''Jj''' || '''Йй''' || [j]
|-
|-
| Kk || Кк || [kʰ]
| 14 || '''Kk''' || '''Кк''' || [kʰ]
|-
|-
| Ll || Лл || [l]
| 15 || '''Ll''' || '''Лл''' || [l]
|-
|-
| Mm || Мм || [m]
| 16 || '''Mm''' || '''Мм''' || [m]
|-
|-
| Nn || Нн || [n]
| 17 || '''Nn''' || '''Нн''' || [n]
|-
|-
| Ňň || Ңң || [ŋ]
| 18 || '''Ňň''' || '''Ңң''' || [ŋ]
|-
|-
| Oo || Оо || [ɔ]
| 19 || '''Oo''' || '''Оо''' || [ɔ]
|-
|-
| Pp || Пп || [pʰ]
| 20 || '''Pp''' || '''Пп''' || [pʰ]
|-
|-
| Rr || Рр || [r],[ɾ]¬
| 21 || '''Rr''' || '''Рр''' || [ɾ],[r]¬
|-
|-
| Ss || Сс || [s]
| 22 || '''Ss''' || '''Сс''' || [s]
|-
|-
| Šš || Шш || [ʃ]
| 23 || '''Šš''' || '''Шш''' || [ʃ]
|-
|-
| Tt || Тт || [t̪ʰ]
| 24 || '''Tt''' || '''Тт''' || [t̪ʰ]
|-
|-
| Uu || Уу || [u̞]
| 25 || '''Uu''' || '''Уу''' || [u̞]
|-
| 26 || '''Vv''' || '''Вв''' || [v]
|-
| 27 || '''Xx''' || '''Хх''' || [χ]
|-
| 28 || '''Zz''' || '''Зз''' || [z]
|-
| 29 || '''Žž''' || '''Жж''' || [ʒ]
|-
|}
 
Additional letters in Cyrillic script:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| Vv || Вв || [v]
! Letter-''Cyrillic'' !! IPA Equiv.
|-
|-
| Xx || Хх || [χ]
| '''Яя''' || [ja]
|-
|-
| Zz || Зз || [z]
| '''Єє''' || [jɪ̞]
|-
|-
| Žž || Жж || [ʒ]
| '''Юю''' || [ju̞]
|-
|-
|}
|}


''¬With two IPA values, use the first solely when letter comes first in syllable''
Each of the 6 vowels can be written with an extra diacritic ('''''aeėiou''''' → '''áéëíóú''') to indicate stress over a syllable when not following the default stress pattern. This is however optional and often omitted, because no two words/morphemes are distinguished only by stress.
 
''¬use second IPA value if <r> is geminated''
 
Beyond Latin and Cyrillic, there is also a unique featural script created for Indevroplu.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==


Indeyivroplu has a very close to perfectly phonemic orthography, where 1 grapheme always corresponds to 1 phoneme and vice versa. Morphophonology does not play any role, but the only minor deviation is with the 1 letter <r>, which is articulated as a trill when first in a syllable, and as a tap otherwise. Note that the 3 unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.
Standard Indevroplu has a perfectly phonemic orthography, where one grapheme always corresponds to one phoneme and vice versa, without morphophonological effects. Note that all three unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.


====Consonants====
====Consonants====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio IPA Consonant Chart w/ Audio (Wikipedia)]


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
Line 99: Line 126:
!Uvular
!Uvular
!Glottal
!Glottal
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|m
|
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Plosive
!colspan="2"|Plosive
Line 111: Line 149:
|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
!colspan="2"|Affricate
|m
|
|
|
|
|
|n
|t͡sʰ .
|t̠͡ʃʰ .
|
|
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|
|
Line 129: Line 167:
|ʃ  ʒ
|ʃ  ʒ
|
|
| ɣ
|ɣ
|χ
|χ .
|h
|h .
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Approximant
!colspan="2"|Approximant
Line 139: Line 177:
|
|
|
|
| j
|j
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Tap
!colspan="2"|Tap~Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɾ
|ɾ~r
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Trill
|
|
|
|  r
|
|
|
|
Line 170: Line 197:
|
|
|
|
| l
|l
|
|
|
|
Line 179: Line 206:


====Vowels====
====Vowels====
[https://i.imgur.com/hIx6dQ6.png Indeyivroplu Vowel Formants Chart]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 244: Line 269:


====Stress====
====Stress====
Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection except for verbs.  This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (n./adj./adv./pron./conj./pre./intj.). An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,e̋,í,ó,ú).
Word stress in Indevroplu falls by default on the final closed syllable.  Based on the part-of-speech inflections, this equates to the ultimate syllable for verbs, and the penultimate for all else. An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of a diacritic (á,é,ë,í,ó,ú). Monosyllabic words receive primary stress.
There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress.


# '''pre''' - [ˈpʰɾɛ]
# an'''dir''' - [anˈd̪iɾ]
# an'''dir''' - [anˈd̪iɾ]
# mi'''jo'''nu - [miˈjɔ.nu̞]
# gi'''še'''ra - [giˈʃɛ.ɾa]
# gutňo'''hajr''' - [gu̞t̪ʰ.ŋɔˈhajɾ]
# prėğno'''rjėr''' - [pʰɾɪ̞.ɣnɔˈɾjɪ̞ɾ]
# nëfrë''zo'''''hru'''ti - [nɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]
# nėkonlun'''ko'''ra - [nɪ̞.kʰɔn.lu̞nˈkʰɔ.ɾa]
# luskor''zor''këgi'''jo'''ha - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.ha]
# '''hún'''datğramju - [ˈhu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
# at'''shún'''datğramju - [at̪ʰˈshu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
# luskorzorkėgi'''o'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾ.zɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈɔ.hu̞]


====Intonation====
====Intonation====


Stress in Indeyivroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.
Stress in Indevroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===


Indeyivroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics. There are three rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters can break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:
Indevroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics, meaning that it allows a variety of consonant clusters. There are 3 rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters are permitted to break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:


# = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicedness) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
# = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicing) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
# = The rhotic <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
# = <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
# = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.
# = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking, and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.


Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:
Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:
# = Word stems / morphemes must ''always'' end in a consonant. This exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel.
* Individual morphemes (word stems) must ''always'' end in a consonant. Thus when a morpheme ends in a front vowel in its original language, it converts to <j>, while a final back vowel becomes <h>.
*: This rule exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel or semivowel.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Inflection===
===Inflection===
Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word forms from a non-inflected stem which is given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''ë''' (conjunction), -'''e''' (preposition), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ui''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).
Words in Indevroplu are inflected for part of speech. In this manner, all words consist of base morphemes which are given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''e''' (preposition/conjunction), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ė''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).


# prend- = ''related to comprehension''
# prend- = ''related to comprehension''
Line 278: Line 304:
#: prenda = understood ''(adj.)''
#: prenda = understood ''(adj.)''
#: prendi = understandingly ''(adv.)''
#: prendi = understandingly ''(adv.)''
#: prendui = OK / understood ''(intj.)''
#: prendė = OK / understood ''(intj.)''
# loğ- = ''related to reason''
# loğ- = ''related to reason''
#: loğu = reason, logic ''(n.)''
#: loğu = reason, logic ''(n.)''
#: loğë = because ''(conj.)''
#: loğe = because ''(conj.)''
#: loğe = because of ''(pre.)''
#: loğa = logical ''(adj.)''
#: loğa = logical ''(adj.)''
#: loği = logically ''(adv.)''
#: loği = logically ''(adv.)''
Line 290: Line 315:
#: ma = my ''(adj.)''
#: ma = my ''(adj.)''


===Verb Conjugation===
===Conjugation===
Verbs in Indeyivroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. To conjugate, use one of these suffixes:
Verbs in Indevroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. Refer to the below conjugation tables:
 
''1P = I/we; 2P = you; 3P = they || sg. = singular; pl. = plural''


{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
! colspan="3" | Infinitive
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | -ir
| colspan="3" | -ir
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center
! colspan="5" | FORMAL
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="4" | INFORMAL
|-
|-
! colspan="6" | Indicative
! colspan="9" | Indicative
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
! Past
! colspan="1" | Past
! Pres.
! colspan="1" | Present
! Futu.
! colspan="1" | Future
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" | Past
! colspan="1" | Present
! colspan="1" | Future
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 1stP.
! rowspan ="2" | 1P
! sing.
! sg.
| -arz
| -araz
| -ar
| -arax
! colspan="1" |
| -az
| -ar
| -ar
| -arx
| -ax
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| -ajrz
| -jaraz
| -ajr
| -jar
| -ajrx
| -jarax
! colspan="1" |
| -jaz
| -jar
| -jax
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 2ndP.
! rowspan ="2" | 2P
! sing.
! sg.
| -urz
| -uruz
| -ur
| -ur
| -urx
| -urux
! colspan="1" |
| -uz
| -ur
| -ux
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| -ujrz
| -juruz
| -ujr
| -jur
| -ujrx
| -jurux
! colspan="1" |
| -juz
| -jur
| -jux
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.
! rowspan ="2" | 3P
! sing.
! sg.
| -ërz
| -ėrėz
| -ër
| -ėr
| -ërx
| -ėrėx
! colspan="1" |
| -ėz
| -ėr
| -ėx
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| -ëjrz
| -jėrėz
| -ëjr
| -jėr
| -ëjrx
| -jėrėx
! colspan="1" |
| -jėz
| -jėr
| -jėx
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Imperative
! colspan="9" | Imperative
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 1stP.
! rowspan="2" | 1P
! sing.
! sg.
| colspan ="3" | -ah
| colspan="3" | -arf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -af
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| colspan ="3" | -ajh
| colspan="3" | -jarf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -jaf
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 2ndP.
! rowspan="2" | 2P
! sing.
! sg.
| colspan ="3" | -uh
| colspan="3" | -urf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -uf
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| colspan ="3" | -ujh
| colspan="3" | -jurf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -juf
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.
! rowspan="2" | 3P
! sing.
! sg.
| colspan ="3" | -ëh
| colspan="3" | -ėrf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -ėf
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| colspan ="3" | -ëjh
| colspan="3" | -jėrf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -jėf
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
! colspan="5" | Gerund
|-
| colspan="5" | '''-end''' + ''(conjug.)''
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Subjunctive
! colspan="5" | Subjunctive
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |  '''-sj-''' + ''(indicative conjugation)''
| colspan="5" |  '''-sj''' + ''(conjug.)''
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Conditional
! colspan="5" | Conditional
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |  '''-šp-''' + ''(indicative conjugation)''
| colspan="5" |  '''-šp''' + ''(conjug.)''
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Interrogative
! colspan="5" | Interrogative
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |  '''hož-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjugat.)''
| colspan="5" |  '''megėj-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjug.)''
|}
|}


The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood Grammatical Mood].
Subjunctive is normally indicated in English by the word "if," and conditional is indicated by "would." The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood Grammatical Mood].


The interrogative mood using the prefix '''hož''' (originates from '''''hë'''''+'''''mož''''') is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the question words that begin with '''tšë'''.
Not included here is the past participle form because it is treated in Indevroplu as an adjective, with the suffix "-'''ka'''"
 
The interrogative mood using the prefix '''megėj''' is used in all question sentences that do not contain question words, all of which begin with '''čė'''.


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Loanword Adaptation===
===Loanword Adaptation===


Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are Indo-European. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:
Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indevroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are of Indo-European origin. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:


# '''ips'''- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ''ψηλός'' (''psilós'') "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ''ύψος'' (''ípsos'') "height".
# '''ips'''- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ''ψηλός'' (''psilós'') "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ''ύψος'' (''ípsos'') "height".
Line 389: Line 470:
Indeyivroplu implores a strictly phonetic system for the adaptation of loanwords, rather than the more internationally common phonemic method. This means that the individual phones of the word in the root language are converted to their closest approximation in Indeyivroplu systematically, while its original spelling is disregarded.
Indeyivroplu implores a strictly phonetic system for the adaptation of loanwords, rather than the more internationally common phonemic method. This means that the individual phones of the word in the root language are converted to their closest approximation in Indeyivroplu systematically, while its original spelling is disregarded.


# '''fxas'''''.ulu'' [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
# '''fxas'''''.elu'' [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
# '''dúaj'''''.e'' [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]
# '''duj'''''.e'' [d̪u̞j] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɪ̯ç]
# '''njeğ'''''.u'' [ˈnjɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
# '''njéuh'''''.u'' [ˈnjɛ.u̞h] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
#: Notice here that the 4th phonotactic rule comes into play, making final rounded back vowels convert to <ğ> (front vowels become <j>).
#: ''note here the 4th phonotactic rule coming into play''


===Agglutination===
===Agglutination===
Indeyivroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.  
Indevroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.  


When making compound words there is no infix inserted, so morphemes are simply placed unedited after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.
When making compound words there is no interfix used, so morphemes are simply placed directly after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.


# '''fligmuku''' ''("bat")'' = flig.a + muk.u  ''("flying" + "rat")''
# '''fligmuku''' ''("bat")'' = flig.a + muk.u  ''("flying" + "rat")''
# '''kajskorxonu''' ''("laboratory")'' = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u  ''("trial" + "to work" + "house")''
# '''kajskorxonu''' ''("laboratory")'' = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u  ''("trial" + "to work" + "house")''
# '''abrelektrgodir''' ''("lightning strike" (v.))'' = abr.u + elektr.a + god.ir  ''("cloud" + "electric" + "to hit")''
# '''inždora''' ''("farthest")'' = inž.i + dor.a ''("most" + "far")''
 


The only cases where a non-final morpheme ever gets an interfix are for: morphemes ending in an obstruent + <r> sequence, and the 28 total ''"ghost-syllable"'' morphemes, named so because they consist of 1 syllable onset followed by -'''ė''' in all positions except word-finally. They are:


The only case where a single morpheme in a word is ever changed in form is for the 28 total ''"ghost-syllable"'' morphemes, named so because they consist of a syllable onset followed by -'''ë''' in all positions except word-finally, where ''-ë'' disappears. They are: '''d, dj, fr, fsj, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xv, zdn, zg, ž, žm'''.
'''d, dj, fr, fsj, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xv, zd, zg, ž, žm'''


# '''''stë'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.stë.i'')
# '''''stė'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.stė.i'')
# '''''lë'''.jek.hu'' "syllable" versus ''elin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''elin.lë.u'')
# '''''lė'''.jek.hu'' "syllable" versus ''elin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''elin.lė.u'')
# '''ultrėkluga''' "ingenious" versus ''ul'''tr'''i'' "extremely" (as opposed to ''ultrė.i'')


===Constituent Order===
===Constituent Order===
Indeyivroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects.  Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb.  Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object.  Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially where there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.
Indevroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects.  Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb.  Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object.  Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially when there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.


"I will read all of your blue books."
"I have all of your blue books."
# zjavazarx fsja ta sina girkju.  
# tenar fsja ta sina girkju.  
# zjavazarx ta fsja sina girkju.
# tenar ta fsja sina girkju.
# zjavazarx sina ta fsja girkju.
# tenar sina ta fsja girkju.
# zjavazarx ta sina fsja girkju.
# ...


"You drive to the office this evening because of the rain."
"You drove to the office this evening because of the rain."
# loğe rígëňu etábënti zromronkur éose kordafteru.
# loğe rígėňu etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu.
# etábënti zromronkur éose kordafteru loğe rígëňu.
# etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu loğe rígėňu.
# ...
# ...


Line 427: Line 511:
===Basics===
===Basics===


* hello = '''salomui''' <small>[saˈlɔmu̞i]</small>
[https://voca.ro/1b057KJugoCz <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen]
 
* hello = '''prėvetė''' <small>[pʰɾɪ̞ˈvɛt̪ʰɪ̞]</small>
* good = '''guta''' <small>[ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* good = '''guta''' <small>[ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* bad = '''nëguta''' <small>[nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* bad = '''nėguta''' <small>[nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* no = '''nui''' <small>[nu̞i]</small>
* yes = '''balė''' <small>[ˈbalɪ̞]</small>
* welcome = '''gutetgui''' <small>[gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgu̞i]</small>
* no = '''nė''' <small>[nɪ̞]</small>
* what = '''tšo''' <small>[t̪ʰʃɔ]</small>
* welcome = '''gutetgė''' <small>[gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgɪ̞]</small>
* to go = '''gir''' <small>[giɾ]</small>
* to say = '''lir''' <small>[liɾ]</small>
* what = '''čo''' <small>[t̪ʃʰɔ]</small>
* correct = '''pšaja''' <small>[ˈpʰʃaja]</small>
* correct = '''pšaja''' <small>[ˈpʰʃaja]</small>
* happy = '''felisa''' <small>[fɛˈlisa]</small>
* happy = '''felisa''' <small>[fɛˈlisa]</small>
* thank you = '''seposui''' <small>[sɛˈpʰɔsu̞i]</small>
* thank you = '''seposė''' <small>[sɛˈpʰɔsɪ̞]</small>
* see you later = '''éosnëfrui''' <small>[ˈɛɔsnɪ̞fɾu̞i]</small>
* I know = '''djar''' <small>[ˈd̪jaɾ]</small>
* I don't understand = '''ni prendar''' <small>[ˈni pʰɾɛnˈd̪aɾ]</small>
* see you later = '''eosnėfrė''' <small>[ɛɔsˈnɪ̞fɾɪ̞]</small>
* language = '''leňgu''' <small>[ˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
* language = '''leňgu''' <small>[ˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
* conlang = '''penzleňgu''' <small>[pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
* conlang = '''penzleňgu''' <small>[pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
: [https://voca.ro/1e4YqAs3LNed '''🔊'''Audio]


===Lists===
===Lists===


{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 250px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Dolgopolsky list''
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Swadesh list subset''
|-
|-
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 100px; "|Indeyivroplu
! style="width: 100px; "|Indevroplu
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|me
| style="text-align: center;"|I
| style="text-align: center;"|mo
| style="text-align: center;"|mo
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|two
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğ
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|you
| style="text-align: center;"|you
| style="text-align: center;"|to
| style="text-align: center;"|to
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|what?
| style="text-align: center;"|he
| style="text-align: center;"|tšui
| style="text-align: center;"|opso
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|tongue
| style="text-align: center;"|we
| style="text-align: center;"|gjuxu
| style="text-align: center;"|mėjo
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|name
| style="text-align: center;"|you (pl)
| style="text-align: center;"|nombru
| style="text-align: center;"|tėjo
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|eye
| style="text-align: center;"|they
| style="text-align: center;"|tšešu
| style="text-align: center;"|sėjo
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|heart
| style="text-align: center;"|this (adj)
| style="text-align: center;"|hetsu
| style="text-align: center;"|eta
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|tooth
| style="text-align: center;"|that (adj)
| style="text-align: center;"|dandonu
| style="text-align: center;"|ona
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|not
| style="text-align: center;"|here
| style="text-align: center;"|ni
| style="text-align: center;"|eteli
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|fingernail
| style="text-align: center;"|there
| style="text-align: center;"|nixu
| style="text-align: center;"|oneli
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|louse
| style="text-align: center;"|who
| style="text-align: center;"|vošu
| style="text-align: center;"|čėso
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|teardrop
| style="text-align: center;"|what (adj)
| style="text-align: center;"|slëzu
| style="text-align: center;"|ča
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|water
| style="text-align: center;"|obu
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|dead
| style="text-align: center;"|nëkjaňa
|}
|}


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 250px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 225px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Colors''
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Colors''
|-
|-
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 125px; "|Indeyivroplu
! style="width: 125px; "|Indevroplu
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|black
| style="text-align: center;"|black
| style="text-align: center;"|švatsa
| style="text-align: center;"|švaca
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|white
| style="text-align: center;"|white
Line 508: Line 590:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|gray
| style="text-align: center;"|gray
| style="text-align: center;"|hirta
| style="text-align: center;"|grija
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|red
| style="text-align: center;"|red
Line 514: Line 596:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|pink
| style="text-align: center;"|pink
| style="text-align: center;"|sefidsorxa
| style="text-align: center;"|lussorxa
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|purple
| style="text-align: center;"|purple
Line 521: Line 603:
| style="text-align: center;"|blue
| style="text-align: center;"|blue
| style="text-align: center;"|sina
| style="text-align: center;"|sina
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|light blue
| style="text-align: center;"|sefidsina
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|cyan
| style="text-align: center;"|cyan
Line 532: Line 611:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|yellow
| style="text-align: center;"|yellow
| style="text-align: center;"|kitrfaba
| style="text-align: center;"|gelba
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|orange
| style="text-align: center;"|orange
Line 541: Line 620:
|}
|}


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 150px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 225px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Numbers''
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Numbers''
|-
|-
! style="width: 100px; "|numeral
! style="width: 100px; "|numeral
! style="width: 125px; "|Indeyivroplu
! style="width: 125px; "|Indevroplu
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|0
| style="text-align: center;"|0
Line 554: Line 633:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2
| style="text-align: center;"|2
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğ
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoh
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|3
| style="text-align: center;"|3
Line 560: Line 639:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|4
| style="text-align: center;"|4
| style="text-align: center;"|tšahor
| style="text-align: center;"|čahor
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|5
| style="text-align: center;"|5
Line 575: Line 654:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|9
| style="text-align: center;"|9
| style="text-align: center;"|enun
| style="text-align: center;"|inėň
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10
| style="text-align: center;"|10
Line 584: Line 663:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|12
| style="text-align: center;"|12
| style="text-align: center;"|dešzjoğ
| style="text-align: center;"|dešzjoh
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|20
| style="text-align: center;"|20
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğdeš
| style="text-align: center;"|zjodeš
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|30
| style="text-align: center;"|trideš
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|100
| style="text-align: center;"|100
| style="text-align: center;"|húndat
| style="text-align: center;"|húndat
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|200
| style="text-align: center;"|1'000
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğhúndat
| style="text-align: center;"|jiljaz
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1000
| style="text-align: center;"|1'000'000
| style="text-align: center;"|dešhúndat
| style="text-align: center;"|jekėljun
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1×10^9
| style="text-align: center;"|zjohėljun
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1×10^12
| style="text-align: center;"|trijėljun
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10000
| style="text-align: center;"|ëňaohr
|}
|}
[https://voca.ro/1brh60MlXDyr <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen to Numbers] ''(re-record)''


==Sample Translations==
==Sample Sentences==


===Texts===
===Text Excerpts===


* fsja umansëju nasëjr diňiteti vë drejti lijra vë hama.  samhulëjr loğu vë isikdju onvë iretšpi ënderxunti brate̋onbi silëjr.  [https://voca.ro/1mYKYNKbFAE8 '''🔊''']
* fsja umanju nasjėr lijra ve hama de diňitetu ve drejtju.  sėjo samhuljėr loğu ve isikdju onve ėnderxunti gutšpi siljėr pónebe bratu.  [https://voca.ro/19tW8Bns7N3o <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>фсйа умансейу насейр диңитэти ве дрэйти лийра ве ҳама.  самҳулейр лоғу ве исикдйу онве ирэтшпи ендэрхунти брате́онби силейр.</small>
: <small>фся уманю насєр лийра вэ ҳама дэ диңитэту вэ дрэйтю.  сейо самҳулєр лоғу вэ исикдю онвэ ендэрхунти гутшпи силєр понэбэ брату.</small>


:: "''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''"
:: "''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''"
Line 613: Line 700:




* onvë tana zëmlu tenërz jeka leňgu, vë jeka lu.  onvë zamonë sëjo jëzdëjrz deze áusru pasëndozi getëjrz rafšézafu metše Šinar-ulu, onvë onuli bënakëjrz. [https://voca.ro/1h09y52HGIbK '''🔊''']
* ve tana zėmėlu montenėrėz jek leňgu ve jek lu.  ve zamone dezáusti sėjo jėzdjėrėz, pasėndozi getjėrėz rafšézafu meče Šinar-elu, onve oneli bėnakjėrėz. [https://voca.ro/1Dc4cg3bKH3o <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>онве тана землу тэнерз йэка лэңгу, ве йэка лу.  онве замоне сейо йездейрз дэзэ а́усру пасендози гэтейрз рафшэ́зафу мэтшэ Шинар-улу, онве онули бенакейрз.</small>
: <small>вэ тана земелу монтэнерез йэк лэңгу вэ йэк лу.  вэ замонэ дэзаусти сейо єздєрез, пасендози гэтєрез рафшэзафу мэчэ Шинар-элу, онвэ онэли бенакєрез.</small>


:: "''And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.''"
:: "''And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.''"
Line 621: Line 708:




* mezë gušakar sëjo tenëjrz mnoga poštgëmožhëju, vje mëjo, mezi nëjrz.  onvë kësjëjrz usti ni djëšpajr loğe hëšpëjr dezuma. [https://voca.ro/14OEPG99knxo '''🔊''']
* meje gušakar sėjo tenjėrėz, vje mėjo, mnoga poštgėmožju, meje nėjėrėz.  onve gėsjėjėrėz uste ni djėšpėjar, loğe sėjo hėšpėjėr nėpomna. [https://voca.ro/16Y2zrNFgnHB <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>мэзе гушакар сейо тэнейрз многа поштгеможҳейу, вйэ мейо, мэзи нейрз.  онве кесйейрз усти ни дйешпайр лоғэ ҳешпейр дэзума.</small>
: <small>мэйэ гушакар сейо тэнєрез вйэ мейо многа поштгеможю, мэйэ неєрез.  онвэ гесєєрез устэ ни дєшпеяр, лоғэ сейо ҳешпеєр непомна.</small>


:: "''But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten.''"
:: "''But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten.''"
Line 629: Line 716:
===Famous Quotes===
===Famous Quotes===


* lëšpur mo ustë dezumar.  omuzkëšpur mo ustë metšumar.  prëfigšpur mo ustë omuzar. [https://voca.ro/1msV4k83scmk '''🔊''']
* lėsjur mo uste nėpomnšpar.  prėomuzsjur mo uste pomnšpar.  prėfigsjur mo uste omuzšpar. [https://voca.ro/168OqVHu0nd4 <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
: <small>лешпур мо усте дэзумар.  омузкешпур мо усте мэтшумар.  префигшпур мо усте омузар.</small>
: <small>лесюр мо устэ непомншпар.  преомузсюр мо устэ помншпар.  префигсюр мо устэ омузшпар.</small>


:: ''"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."''
:: ''"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."''
Line 636: Line 723:




* frëzamondezumtorju hëjr losštrafa vërazkir ho. [https://voca.ro/177WSEP9ckeE '''🔊''']
* sėjo dase nėpomnjėr frėzamonu losštrafjėr vėrazkir ho. [https://voca.ro/13UMX0NukgX4 <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>фрезамондэзумторйу ҳейр лосштрафа веразкир ҳо.</small>
: <small>сейо дасэ непомнєр фрезамону лосштрафєр веразкир ҳо.</small>


:: ''"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."''
:: ''"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."''
Line 643: Line 730:




* ahamu hër ni djëbuskistir. djëbuskvolu tenër ha hastloğu. [https://voca.ro/1kx7eQDBYMMO '''🔊''']
* ohemhu hėr ni istir djėerxir. djėbuskvolu tenėr sama hastloğu. [https://voca.ro/1kGWRim0xOjK <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>аҳаму ҳер ни дйебускистир. дйебускволу тэнер ҳа ҳастлоғу.</small>
: <small>оҳэмҳу ҳер ни истир дєэрхир. дєбускволу тэнер сама ҳастлоғу.</small>


:: "''The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.''"
:: "''The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.''"
::: Source: Albert Einstein
::: Source: Albert Einstein


==Additional Details==
==Indevroplu Resources==


===Setting===
===Resources & Documents===


The fictional region where Indeyivroplu is spoken would be located along parts of the northern shore of the Danube river in Romania by the Bulgarian border, and is called ''Tsaxikézaf'' (locally transliterated to ''Țahichezaf'' or ''Цахикезаф''). This location was chosen because it is the geographic midpoint between the capitals of the home nations of Indeyivroplu's eight constituent languages.
*'''[https://a.co/d/541a7Mu Official Published Indevroplu Dictionary]'''


===Writing Conventions===
[[:Category:Indevroplu words|Indevroplu words on Linguifex]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]


* ''Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indeyivroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.''
*'''[https://community-courses.memrise.com/community/course/1864371/indeyivroplu/ Memrise Course for learning Indevroplu]'''


* ''In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.''
*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EYrAHWjmrz58NuCjfp0BBYg8lW5-LoUAg2JT9bslDuU/edit?usp=sharing Indevroplu online database]'''


* ''If typing diacritics is not supported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters can become their base form plus '''ь'''.''
*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uFiwhtxA8YvmcZhiQE2Ln7SUDWKaO2D7PFg6FcyqhyA/edit?usp=sharing Syntax test for Indevroplu sentences]'''


* ''Note that affricates do not phonemically exist in Indeyivroplu, so their equivalents are always orthographically 2 letters.''
*'''[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16oRZzc750iDUPyXgZzAtw5elYYdmQaPyLCEI1TE0gb8/edit?usp=sharing Index of all Indevroplu morphemes]'''


* ''In the specific case of an Indeyivroplu word being used as a proper noun (i.e. when translating titles of media to Indeyivroplu), the word is to be capitalized but a comma is appended instead of a hyphen.''
===Typing Diacritics===
''Latin:''
* ėčğňšž | áéëíóú
** ĖČĞŇŠŽ | ÁÉËÍÓÚ


==Indeyivroplu Resources==
''Cyrillic:''
* єғңҳ | а́э́е́и́о́у́
** ЄҒҢҲ | А́Э́Е́И́О́У́


===Resources & Documents===
==Additional Details==
 
The meaning of the name Indevroplu, natively ''indėvroplu'', is "Indo-European speech." The older name Indeyivroplu comes from a transcription of Russian "индоевропе́йский."


[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Indeyivroplu_words Indeyivroplu words on Linguifex]
===Setting===
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]


*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qbPWUivBjErfbhBNwFCm1w-AygzLwlJ5_nbq9ZNt3DI/edit?usp=sharing Indeyivroplu main database]'''
The fictional region in the world where Indevroplu would be spoken is in rural communities in Mehedinți county, Romania, near the Serbian and Bulgarian borders. It is named ''Melézaf'', transliterated to Romanian as ''Melezaf'' and to Bulgarian and Serbian as ''Мелезаф''. This location was chosen because it is the calculated geographic midpoint between the capitals of the primary home nations of Indevroplu's eight constituent languages (Iran, Spain, Germany, Russia, Greece, Armenia, Albania, & Wales).


*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uFiwhtxA8YvmcZhiQE2Ln7SUDWKaO2D7PFg6FcyqhyA/edit?usp=sharing Syntax test for Indeyivroplu sentences]'''
===Writing Conventions===


*'''[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16oRZzc750iDUPyXgZzAtw5elYYdmQaPyLCEI1TE0gb8/edit?usp=sharing Index of Indeyivroplu words]'''
* ''Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indevroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.''


* ''In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.''


===Typing Diacritics===
* ''If typing diacritics is unsupported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters become their base form plus '''ь'''.''
''Latin:''
* ëğňšž / ËĞŇŠŽ
** áée̋íóú / ÁÉE̋ÍÓÚ


''Cyrillic:''
[[Category:Indevroplu]]
* ғҳң / ҒҲҢ
** а́э́е́и́о́у́ / А́Э́Е́И́О́У́
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Indevroplu"