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Tardigrade

Joined 28 January 2021
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|pronunciation = eˈvei̯ɾeɡ
|pronunciation = eˈvei̯ɾeɡ
|creator = Tardigrade
|creator = Tardigrade
|setting = Iberia
|states = Spain, Portugal
|states = Spain, Portugal
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
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|fam3= [[Insular Celtic]]
|fam3= [[Insular Celtic]]
|fam4= [[Brythonic]]
|fam4= [[Brythonic]]
|ancestor= [[Common Brythonic]]
|ancestor= [[w:Common Brythonic|Common Brythonic]]
|script1 = Latn
|script1 = Latn
}}
}}


Everish '''Eveireg''' {{IPA|/eˈvei̯ɾeɡ/}} is a a Brittonic Celtic tongue spoken in parts of Galicia and Asturias.
Everish '''Eveireg''' {{IPA|/eˈvei̯ɾeɡ/}} is a a Brittonic Celtic tongue spoken in parts of Galicia and Asturias.
==Phonology and Orthography==
===Everish Consonants===
The consonant inventory for Everish is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[w:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! [[w:Dental_consonant|Dental]]
! [[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_nasal|m]] ⟨m⟩
| rowspan=3 style=border-right:0; |
| style=border-left:0; |
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals|n]] ⟨n⟩
| [[w:ɲ|ɲ]] ⟨ñ⟩
| [[w:ŋ|ŋ]] ⟨ng, ngu⟩
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]] !! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>
| [[w:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] ⟨p⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_plosive|t]] ⟨t⟩
| rowspan=2 |
| [[w:t͡ʃ|t͡ʃ]] ⟨ch⟩
| [[w:/k/|k]] ⟨c, qu⟩
|-
! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_bilabial_plosive|b]]~[[w:/β/|β]] ⟨b⟩
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_dental_plosive|d]]~[[w:/ð/|ð]] ⟨d⟩
| rowspan=2 | [[w:d͡ʒ|d͡ʒ]]~[[w:ʒ|ʒ]] ⟨g, j⟩
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_velar_plosive|ɡ]]~[[w:/ɣ/|ɣ]] ⟨g, gu⟩
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] !! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| [[w:Voiced_labial_fricative|v]] ⟨v⟩
| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant|z]] ⟨z⟩
|-
! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>
|
| [[w:Voiceless_labial_fricative|f]] ⟨f⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] ⟨ç⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant|s]] ⟨s⟩
| [[w:ʃ|ʃ]] ⟨x⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_velar_fricative|x]] ⟨h⟩
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] !! <small>[[w:Central consonant|central]]</small>
| rowspan=4 colspan=3 style=border-right:0; |
| style=border-left:0; |
| [[w:/j/|j]] ⟨y⟩
| [[w:/w/|w]] ⟨u⟩
|-
! <small>[[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small>
| [[w:/l/|l]] ⟨l⟩
| [[w:/ʎ/|ʎ]] ⟨ll⟩
| rowspan=3 style=border-left:0; |
|-
! colspan=2 | [[w:Trill|Trill]]
| [[w:/r/|r]] ⟨rr⟩
|-
! colspan=2 | [[w:Tap|Tap]]
| [[w:/ɾ/|ɾ]] ⟨r⟩
|-
|}
===Vowels & Diphthongs===
Everish can be described as having two groups of vowel sounds:
# the open vowels, which arose from historically short vowels
# the close vowels, which arose from historically long vowels
# the diphthongs
The open and close vowels are represented by the following inventory:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 270px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 60px; " |Front
! style="width: 60px; " |Central
! style="width: 60px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| iː &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ʉ(ː)
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; u(ː)
|-
! style="" |Near-close
| ɪ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ʊ
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| eː &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; oː
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
| ə
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| ɛ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
| ʌ &nbsp;&nbsp; ɔ(ː)
|-
! style="" |Near-open
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
| a(ː) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
|
|}
All of Everish's true diphthongs are falling and consist of a vowel + either /i̯/ or /u̯/.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 270px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 70px; " |+ i̯
! style="width: 70px; " |+ u̯
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|
| ɪu̯
|-
! style="" |Mid
| əi̯
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| ɛi̯ &nbsp;&nbsp; ɔi̯
| ɛu̯ &nbsp;&nbsp; ɔu̯
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| au̯
|}


===Sound Changes===
===Sound Changes===
====Consonant Mutations====
====Consonant Mutations====
As with all modern Celtic languages, Everish makes extensive use of initial consonant mutations to help signal grammatical and syntactic information. Everish has three main mutations: '''lenis''' (''međol''), '''spirant''' (''cravol'') and '''nasal''' (''truinol'').  There is a fourth type of mutation called '''aspiration''' (''huizol'') in which word-initial vowels take an ''h'-'' before them.
As with all modern Celtic languages, Everish makes extensive use of initial consonant mutations to help signal grammatical and syntactic information. Everish has three main mutations: '''lenis''' (''[[Contionary:meyel|meyel]]''), '''spirant''' (''[[Contionary:cravel|cravel]]'') and '''nasal''' (''[[Contionary:truinel|truinel]]'').


The changes caused by the mutations are summarised in the following table.
The changes caused by the mutations are summarised in the following table.
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| ''t'' /t/
| ''t'' /t/
| colspan=2 | ''d'' /d/
| colspan=2 | ''d'' /d/
| ''z'' /θ/
| ''ç'' /θ/
|-
|-
| ''c'' /k/
| ''c'' /k/
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| ''d'' /d/
| ''d'' /d/
| ''n'' /n/
| ''n'' /n/
| colspan=2 | ''đ'' /ð/
| colspan=2 | ∅
|-
|-
| ''g'' /ɡ/
| ''g'' /ɡ/
| ''ng'' /ŋ/
| ''ng'' /ŋ/
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 | ∅
|-
| ''gu'' /ɡw/
| ''ng'' /ŋw/
| colspan=2 | ''v'' /v/
|-
|-
| ''dj'' /d͡ʒ/
| ''dj'' /d͡ʒ/
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|}
|}


Lenited ''g'' disappears before a consonant, becomes ''w'' before words in ''go-, gu-, goo-'' and becomes ''h-'' before other vowels, e.g. ''gre'' "flock" → ''i re'' "his flock", ''gur'' "man, husband" → ''i wur'' "his husband", ''geryadour'' "dictionary" → ''i heryadour'' "his dictionary".
Lenited ''g'' becomes ''v'' before words in ''go-, gu-'', e.g. ''[[Contionary:gou|gou]]'' "smith" → ''i vou'' "his smith", ''[[Contionary:gur|gur]]'' "man, husband" → ''i vur'' "his husband".


Examples:
Examples:
* Lenition: ''i beñ'' "his head", ''di dad'' "your dad", ''i gi'' "his dog", ''a vanon'' "the lady", ''do Varselon'' "to Barcelona", .  
* Lenition: ''i beñ'' "his head", ''di dad'' "your dad", ''i dji'' "his dog", ''a reg'' "the woman", ''do Varselen'' "to Barcelona".  
* Spirantisation: ''i feñ'' "her head", ''tri zad'' "three dads", ''tair haz'' "three cats".
* Spirantisation: ''i feñ'' "her head", ''tri çad'' "three dads", ''ter haç'' "three cats".
* Nasalisation: ''no manon'' "nine ladies", ''i Marselon'' "in Barcelona", ''mi garrer'' "my road"
* Nasalisation: ''no ngreg'' "nine women", ''i Marselen'' "in Barcelona", ''mi garrer'' "my road"
* Aspiration: ''i h'ewidir'' "her uncle", ''an h'oungorn'' "our unicorn".


===List===
===List===
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| {{lang|ar|تابوت|rtl=yes}} (tābūt)
| {{lang|ar|تابوت|rtl=yes}} (tābūt)
| coffin
| coffin
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Maltese
! Berber languages
! English
|-
| grinxula
| ''gremxula''
| ''azrem ašal'', lit. 'land worm', ([[Kabyle language|Kabyle]])
| lizard
|-
| ficruna
|''fekruna''
|''tifakrunin'' ([[Jerba Berber|Jerbi]]), ''ifekran'' ([[Shilha language|Tashelhiyt]]), ''ifkran'' (Kabyle)
|turtle
|-
| geddu
| ''geddum''
| ''aqadum'', lit. 'face, frown' (Kabyle)
| chin
|-
| gendu
| ''gendus''
| ''gandūz'', lit. 'young calf' (Jerbi)
| ox, bull
|-
|
|''gerżuma''
|''ageržum'' ([[Mozabite language|Mozabite]], Tashelhiyt)
|throat
|-
|
|''tfief''
|''tilfaf'' ([[Ouargli language|Ouargli]]), ''tifāf, tilfāf, tiffāf'' ([[Tarifit]])
|sow thistle (''[[Sonchus oleraceus]]'')
|-
|
|''tengħud''
|''talaɣūda'' ([[Tunisian Arabic]]), ''telɣūda'' ([[Algerian Arabic]])
|spurge (''[[Euphorbia]]'')
|-
|
|''kosksu''
|''kuskesu, kuskus'' (Kabyle)
|couscous, small round pasta
|-
| fart
|''fartas''
|''aferḍas'' (Ouargli, Kabyle)
|bald
|-
|''għaffeġ''
|‘''affež'' (Algerian Arabic), ''effeẓ'' (Ouargli, Mozabite)
|to crush, to squash
|-
|
|''żrinġ''
|''tažrant'' (Jerbi)
|frog
|-
| izrar
|''żrar''
|''zrar'' (Mozabite, Ouargli), ''azrar'' (Kabyle, [[Nafusi language|Nafusi]])
|gravel
|-
|
|''werżieq''
|''wárẓag'' ([[Mrazig]])
|cicada, lit. screamer, shrieker
|-
|
|''buqexrem''
|''buqišrem'' (Kabyle)
|vervain ([[Verbena officinalis]])
|-
|
|''fidloqqom''
|''fudalɣem'' (Kabyle)
|borage ([[Borage|Borago officinalis]])
|-
| zor
|''żorr''
|''uzur'' (Kabyle), ''uzzur'' (Tarifit)
|rude, arrogant
|-
|leddixer
|''lellex''
|''lelleš'' (Mozabite)
|to shine, to glitter
|-
| besber
|''pespes''
|''bbesbes'' (Ouargli)
|to whisper
|-
|tefter
|''teptep''
|''ṭṭebṭeb'' (Ouargli)
|to blink, to twinkle
|-
| bibber
|''webbel''
|''webben'' (Mozabite)
|to induce, to tempt
|}
|}
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