Cápa: Difference between revisions

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| imagecaption = Flag of [[Verse:Cape State|Cape State]], where Cápa is natively and primarily spoken.

| name = Cápa

| altname = ~~Cápo, Cábo,~~ Kabo~~, Kabosje~~, isiKapa, Cape Creole

| altname = Kabo, isiKapa, Cape Creole

| nativename = isiKápa

| pronunciation = isi.kʰɐ́pɐ

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| notice = IPA

}}

'''Cápa''', also known as ~~'''Cápo''', '''Cábo''',~~ '''Kabo~~''', '''Kabosje~~''', '''isiKapa''' and/or '''Cape Creole'''(''isiKápa''; <small>Cápa:</small> [[Help:IPA|[isi.kʰɐ́pɐ]]]), is an Afrikaans-Portuguese-English-Zulu-Xhosa [[w:Creole language|creole]] language spoken in the area between the [[w:Orange River|Orange River]] and the south African coast, commonly known as the '''Cape of Good Hope'''(''cabo da boa esperança'' in [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]). The morphology is a mixture of primarily Portuguese and Dutch(later Afrikaans), whereas the grammar is heavily influenced by Zulu and Xhosa and the East Bantu language family as a whole.

'''Cápa''', also known as '''Kabo''', '''isiKapa''' and/or '''Cape Creole'''(''isiKápa''; <small>Cápa:</small> [[Help:IPA|[isi.kʰɐ́pɐ]]]), is an Afrikaans-Portuguese-English-Zulu-Xhosa [[w:Creole language|creole]] language spoken in the area between the [[w:Orange River|Orange River]] and the south African coast, commonly known as the '''Cape of Good Hope'''(''cabo da boa esperança'' in [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]). The morphology is a mixture of primarily Portuguese and Dutch(later Afrikaans), whereas the grammar is heavily influenced by Zulu and Xhosa and the East Bantu language family as a whole.

The creole developed through the various colonisers of the South African region, and indeed, the language borrows elements from all the colonisers' languages(English, Dutch(Afrikaans), Portuguese) as well as native indigenous African languages in the area(Zulu, Xhosa).

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===Consonants===

====Aspiration====

Non-click consonants do not differentiate pronunciation on aspiration, unlike in Zulu and Xhosa, where ⟨kh⟩ and ⟨k⟩ can change the meaning of a word. In Cápa, different dialects aspirate different consonants in different positions within lemmas, but the meaning of the word does not change. For example, in Stellenbosch, just east of Cape Town, all plosives are aspirated, no matter their position in a lemma(e.g. [[Help:IPA|[pʰɛ́ʃʰ]]]). In Coffee Bay, consonants are only aspirated at the beginning of a lemma, e.g. in ''bantu''("person", [bʱɐntu]), where /b/ is aspirated but /t/ is not. Additionally, in ''bantu''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> accusative form, ''ibantu'', no plosive is aspirated.

Click consonants ''do'' differ on aspiration, as is the case in Zulu and Xhosa. However, in the dialect of Sehlabathebe, Lesotho, aspirated and un-aspirated click consonants switch places. So, for example, in the word ''[[Contionary:shoxoláti|shoxoláti]]'', where in standard dialects the ⟨x⟩ is unaspirated, Sehlabethebe dialect speakers(''isiSehlabétebi bantu'' in Cápa) would aspirate, and indeed, in the Cápa translation of ''[[w:The Myth of Sisyphus|The Myth of Sisyphus]]'' by [[w:Albert Camus|Albert Camus]], ''[[Contionary:shoxoláti|shoxoláti]]'' is indeed appropriately spelt ''shoxholáti''.

====Click consonants====

Cápa, like its contemporary East Bantu languages, uses click consonants, however it only uses about two-thirds as many click consonants as Xhosa, with 12 in total, compared to Xhosa's 18 click consonants and Zulu's 15.

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|+ Cápa personal pronouns

|-

!colspan=2 rowspan=2| Person

!colspan=3 rowspan=2| Person

!colspan=2|Personal

!colspan=2|Post-diphthong

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!Plural

|-

!colspan=2| 1

!colspan=3| 1

| ''Iu-'' || ''Noz-'' || ''-yu-'' || ''-yoz-''

|-

!colspan=2| 2

!colspan=3| 2

| ''Vu-'' || ''~~Thvu~~-'' || ''-fu-'' || ''-~~thfu~~-''

| ''Vu-'' || ''Tvu-'' || ''-fu-'' || ''-tfu-''

|-

!colspan=2 | 3.M

!rowspan=2 | 3

!colspan=2 | M

| ''E-'' || ''Ele-'' || ''-è-'' || ''-èli-''

|-

!colspan=2 | 3.F

!colspan=2 | F

| ''Sa-'' || ''Ilà-'' || ''-sà-'' || ''-là-''

|}

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | imagecaption = Flag of [[Verse:Cape State|Cape State]], where Cápa is natively and primarily spoken.
 | name = Cápa
-| altname = Cápo, Cábo, Kabo, Kabosje, isiKapa, Cape Creole
+| altname = Kabo, isiKapa, Cape Creole
 | nativename = isiKápa
 | pronunciation = isi.kʰɐ́pɐ
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 | notice = IPA
 }}
-'''Cápa''', also known as '''Cápo''', '''Cábo''', '''Kabo''', '''Kabosje''', '''isiKapa''' and/or '''Cape Creole'''(''isiKápa''; <small>Cápa:</small> [[Help:IPA|[isi.kʰɐ́pɐ]]]), is an Afrikaans-Portuguese-English-Zulu-Xhosa [[w:Creole language|creole]] language spoken in the area between the [[w:Orange River|Orange River]] and the south African coast, commonly known as the '''Cape of Good Hope'''(''cabo da boa esperança'' in [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]). The morphology is a mixture of primarily Portuguese and Dutch(later Afrikaans), whereas the grammar is heavily influenced by Zulu and Xhosa and the East Bantu language family as a whole.
+'''Cápa''', also known as '''Kabo''', '''isiKapa''' and/or '''Cape Creole'''(''isiKápa''; <small>Cápa:</small> [[Help:IPA|[isi.kʰɐ́pɐ]]]), is an Afrikaans-Portuguese-English-Zulu-Xhosa [[w:Creole language|creole]] language spoken in the area between the [[w:Orange River|Orange River]] and the south African coast, commonly known as the '''Cape of Good Hope'''(''cabo da boa esperança'' in [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]). The morphology is a mixture of primarily Portuguese and Dutch(later Afrikaans), whereas the grammar is heavily influenced by Zulu and Xhosa and the East Bantu language family as a whole.
 The creole developed through the various colonisers of the South African region, and indeed, the language borrows elements from all the colonisers' languages(English, Dutch(Afrikaans), Portuguese) as well as native indigenous African languages in the area(Zulu, Xhosa).
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 ===Consonants===
+====Aspiration====
+Non-click consonants do not differentiate pronunciation on aspiration, unlike in Zulu and Xhosa, where ⟨kh⟩ and ⟨k⟩ can change the meaning of a word. In Cápa, different dialects aspirate different consonants in different positions within lemmas, but the meaning of the word does not change. For example, in Stellenbosch, just east of Cape Town, all plosives are aspirated, no matter their position in a lemma(e.g. [[Help:IPA|[pʰɛ́ʃʰ]]]). In Coffee Bay, consonants are only aspirated at the beginning of a lemma, e.g. in ''bantu''("person", [bʱɐntu]), where /b/ is aspirated but /t/ is not. Additionally, in ''bantu''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> accusative form, ''ibantu'', no plosive is aspirated.
+Click consonants ''do'' differ on aspiration, as is the case in Zulu and Xhosa. However, in the dialect of Sehlabathebe, Lesotho, aspirated and un-aspirated click consonants switch places. So, for example, in the word ''[[Contionary:shoxoláti|shoxoláti]]'', where in standard dialects the ⟨x⟩ is unaspirated, Sehlabethebe dialect speakers(''isiSehlabétebi bantu'' in Cápa) would aspirate, and indeed, in the Cápa translation of ''[[w:The Myth of Sisyphus|The Myth of Sisyphus]]'' by [[w:Albert Camus|Albert Camus]], ''[[Contionary:shoxoláti|shoxoláti]]'' is indeed appropriately spelt ''shoxholáti''.
 ====Click consonants====
 Cápa, like its contemporary East Bantu languages, uses click consonants, however it only uses about two-thirds as many click consonants as Xhosa, with 12 in total, compared to Xhosa's 18 click consonants and Zulu's 15.
@@ Line 156: / Line 161: @@
 |+ Cápa personal pronouns
 |-
-!colspan=2 rowspan=2| Person
+!colspan=3 rowspan=2| Person
 !colspan=2|Personal
 !colspan=2|Post-diphthong
@@ Line 165: / Line 170: @@
 !Plural
 |-
-!colspan=2| 1
+!colspan=3| 1
 | ''Iu-'' || ''Noz-'' || ''-yu-'' || ''-yoz-''
 |-
-!colspan=2| 2
+!colspan=3| 2
-| ''Vu-'' || ''Thvu-'' || ''-fu-'' || ''-thfu-''
+| ''Vu-'' || ''Tvu-'' || ''-fu-'' || ''-tfu-''
 |-
-!colspan=2 | 3.M
+!rowspan=2 | 3
+!colspan=2 | M
 | ''E-'' || ''Ele-'' || ''-è-'' || ''-èli-''
 |-
-!colspan=2 | 3.F
+!colspan=2 | F
 | ''Sa-'' || ''Ilà-'' || ''-sà-'' || ''-là-''
 |}