Balearic Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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'''Balearic Hebrew'''

(Paleo-Hebrew scipt: 𐤁𐤀𐤋𐤉𐤀𐤓𐤉𐤕‎ 𐤎𐤅𐤐𐤅 ‎‎‎‎''sufu balyarīt'') is a Canaanite Semitic language descended from a variety of Hebrew spoken in the northern kingdom of ancient Israel between the 10th century and the 8th century BCE. Formed from the speech of ancient Israelites who migrated to the Phoenician speaking Balearic islands, ~~the language therefore has a Canaanite core,~~ evolving between the 8th and 2nd centuries BCE. Roman occupation brought in considerable ~~Latin~~ influence, which would only strengthen as more settlers speaking Iberian Romance languages such as Old Spanish and Catalan came to the islands.

(Paleo-Hebrew scipt: 𐤁𐤀𐤋𐤉𐤀𐤓𐤉𐤕‎ 𐤎𐤅𐤐𐤅 ‎‎‎‎''sufu balyarīt'') is a Canaanite Semitic language descended from the variety of Hebrew spoken in the northern kingdom of ancient Israel between the 10th century and the 8th century BCE. Formed from the speech of ancient Israelites who migrated to the Phoenician speaking Balearic islands, and evolving between the 8th and 2nd centuries BCE, the language therefore has a Canaanite core. Roman occupation brought in considerable Indo-European influence, which would only strengthen as more settlers speaking Iberian Romance languages (such as Old Spanish and Catalan) came to the islands.

The language emerged from contact between diverse peoples in Antiquity. Although its vocabulary largely derives from ancient Hebrew, words that deal with subjects such as law, war, and politics tend to be of Latin ~~derivation~~. The grammar preserves to an extent ancient Semitic verb paradigms, ~~and~~ has changed alongside Classical Latin influence.

The language emerged from contact between diverse peoples in Antiquity. Although its vocabulary largely derives from ancient Hebrew, words that deal with subjects such as law, war, and politics tend to be of Latin origin. The grammar preserves to an extent the ancient Semitic verb paradigms, though it has changed alongside Classical Latin influence.

== History ==

Phoenician colonists encouraged Hebrew migration to the islands, and many more emigrated around 720 BCE after the destruction of the Kingdom of Samaria. Eventually, Hebrew speakers outnumbered Phoenician speakers, though the two closely related languages facilitated communication.

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=== Uses of ''kī'' ===

The word ''kī'' is very versatile. Most generally, it expresses a causal relationship between two ideas, similar to English "because" or "for." For example, '''''kī''' kūtabta ~~lūkūtabtī~~-kū,'' means "because you wrote, I am blessing you."

The word ''kī'' is very versatile. Most generally, it expresses a causal relationship between two ideas, similar to English "because" or "for." For example, '''''kī''' kūtabta lūbīrrattī-kū,'' means "because you wrote, I am blessing you."

With the subjunctive in the clause introduced after ''kī'', the conjunction expresses purpose or a goal. In this context, it is translated as "so that" or "in order to."

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Additionally, ''ʔašir'' can stand alone and form a jussive or cohortative meaning with the subjunctive form. For example, ''ʔašir nīktūb'' means "let us write."

== Particles ==

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The preterite is used to indicate the following:

*'''An action completed in the past''': This use expresses an action that is viewed as a completed event. It is often accompanied by adverbial expressions of time, such as ''ʔitmūl''.

''ʔitmūl mūṣattī hafiraħ'' = "Yesterday, I found the flower"

''ʔitmūl mūṣattī ʔit hafiraħ'' = "Yesterday, I found the flower"

*'''Perfect actions''': Aligning with English perfect constructions, actions in the past with present relevance.

''hatū šūmanta ʔoto'' = "Now you have heard him"

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 }}
 '''Balearic Hebrew'''
-(Paleo-Hebrew scipt: 𐤁𐤀𐤋𐤉𐤀𐤓𐤉𐤕‎ 𐤎𐤅𐤐𐤅 ‎‎‎‎''sufu balyarīt'') is a Canaanite Semitic language descended from a variety of Hebrew spoken in the northern kingdom of ancient Israel between the 10th century and the 8th century BCE. Formed from the speech of ancient Israelites who migrated to the Phoenician speaking Balearic islands, the language therefore has a Canaanite core, evolving between the 8th and 2nd centuries BCE. Roman occupation brought in considerable Latin influence, which would only strengthen as more settlers speaking Iberian Romance languages such as Old Spanish and Catalan came to the islands.
+(Paleo-Hebrew scipt: 𐤁𐤀𐤋𐤉𐤀𐤓𐤉𐤕‎ 𐤎𐤅𐤐𐤅 ‎‎‎‎''sufu balyarīt'') is a Canaanite Semitic language descended from the variety of Hebrew spoken in the northern kingdom of ancient Israel between the 10th century and the 8th century BCE. Formed from the speech of ancient Israelites who migrated to the Phoenician speaking Balearic islands, and evolving between the 8th and 2nd centuries BCE, the language therefore has a Canaanite core. Roman occupation brought in considerable Indo-European influence, which would only strengthen as more settlers speaking Iberian Romance languages (such as Old Spanish and Catalan) came to the islands.
-The language emerged from contact between diverse peoples in Antiquity. Although its vocabulary largely derives from ancient Hebrew, words that deal with subjects such as law, war, and politics tend to be of Latin derivation. The grammar preserves to an extent ancient Semitic verb paradigms, and has changed alongside Classical Latin influence.
+The language emerged from contact between diverse peoples in Antiquity. Although its vocabulary largely derives from ancient Hebrew, words that deal with subjects such as law, war, and politics tend to be of Latin origin. The grammar preserves to an extent the ancient Semitic verb paradigms, though it has changed alongside Classical Latin influence.
 == History ==
 Phoenician colonists encouraged Hebrew migration to the islands, and many more emigrated around 720 BCE after the destruction of the Kingdom of Samaria. Eventually, Hebrew speakers outnumbered Phoenician speakers, though the two closely related languages facilitated communication.
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 === Uses of ''kī'' ===
-The word ''kī'' is very versatile. Most generally, it expresses a causal relationship between two ideas, similar to English "because" or "for." For example, '''''kī''' kūtabta lūkūtabtī-kū,'' means "because you wrote, I am blessing you."
+The word ''kī'' is very versatile. Most generally, it expresses a causal relationship between two ideas, similar to English "because" or "for." For example, '''''kī''' kūtabta lūbīrrattī-kū,'' means "because you wrote, I am blessing you."
 With the subjunctive in the clause introduced after ''kī'', the conjunction expresses purpose or a goal. In this context, it is translated as "so that" or "in order to."
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 Additionally, ''ʔašir'' can stand alone and form a jussive or cohortative meaning with the subjunctive form. For example, ''ʔašir nīktūb'' means "let us write."
 == Particles ==
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 The preterite is used to indicate the following:
 *'''An action completed in the past''': This use expresses an action that is viewed as a completed event. It is often accompanied by adverbial expressions of time, such as ''ʔitmūl''.
-''ʔitmūl mūṣattī hafiraħ'' = "Yesterday, I found the flower"
+''ʔitmūl mūṣattī ʔit hafiraħ'' = "Yesterday, I found the flower"
 *'''Perfect actions''': Aligning with English perfect constructions, actions in the past with present relevance.
 ''hatū šūmanta ʔoto'' = "Now you have heard him"