Linguifex

User:Shariifka/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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Line 1: Line 1:
==Somali-like relative of Zanahi==
==Bantu-esque romlang==
====Numerals====
====Numerals====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
Line 10: Line 10:
|-->
|-->
! 1
! 1
| cayn
| ʊːnʊ
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| dhow
| toː
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| taray
| ʈɛː
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| kodor
| kʷɑtːɔ
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
| fangi
| kʷɪˑŋɡɛ
|-
|-
! 6
! 6
| hash
| sɛː
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| hafti
| sɛtːɛ
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| casti
| ɔtːɔː
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| now
| nɔwɛ
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| dhas
| teɣe
|-
|-
! 11
! 11
| cayn oo dhas
|  
|-
|-
! 20
! 20
|  
| βiː
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
Line 67: Line 67:
|-
|-
! 100
! 100
| sinti
|  
|-
|-
! 200
! 200
| dhow sinti
|  
|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
Line 79: Line 79:
|-
|-
|}
|}
 
==Bantu-esque Indo-European lang==
==Somali-like Romlang==
====Numerals====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Verb conjugation of ''amaal'' "to love" - non-continuous tenses
|+ ???? numerals
! !! colspan="3"| Present !! colspan="3"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative !! rowspan="2"| Jussive
! Symbol !! Cardinal number
|-
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subordinate !! Adjectival !! Affirmative !! Negative !! Adjectival
<!--
! 0
| colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr-
|-->
! 1
|
|-
|-
!1S
! 2
| amaa || ame || rowspan="6"| amá || amay || rowspan="6"| amays || rowspan="6"| amaý || — || áme
|  
|-
|-
!2S
! 3
| amaas || ames || amays || áma || ámes
|  
|-
|-
!3S
! 4
| amaa || ame || amay || — || áme
|  
|-
|-
!1P
! 5
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
|  
|-
|-
!2P
! 6
| amaad || amaad || amayd || amaád || ameéd
|  
|-
|-
!3P
! 7
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
|  
|-
! 8
|
|-
! 9
|
|-
! 10
|  
|-
! 11
|  
|-
! 20
|  
|-
! 30
|  
|-
|-
|}
! 40
 
|
<!--
|-
==English-like relative of Twench==
! 50
===Swadesh list===
|
'''Abbreviations:'''
|-
*irr. = irregular (conjugation cannot be predicted from principal parts)
! 60
*pl. = plural
|
*pol. = polite
|-
*arch. = archaic
! 70
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
|
<tr>
|-
<th>'''No.'''</th>
! 80
<th>[[wikipedia:English language|English]]</th>
|
<th>Unnamed</th>
|-
</tr>
! 90
<tr><th>1</th><th>[[wiktionary:I|I]]</th><td>you</td></tr>
|
<tr><th>2</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]]</th><td>woose; tu (arch.)</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>3</th><th>[[wiktionary:he|he]]</th><td>el</td></tr>
! 100
<tr><th>4</th><th>[[wiktionary:we|we]]</th><td>noose</td></tr>
|
<tr><th>5</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]]</th><td>woose</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>6</th><th>[[wiktionary:they|they]]</th><td>else</tr>
! 200
<tr><th>7</th><th>[[wiktionary:this|this]]</th><td>cest</td></tr>
|
<tr><th>8</th><th>[[wiktionary:that|that]]</th><td>cel</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>9</th><th>[[wiktionary:here|here]]</th><td>cie</td></tr>
! 1000
<tr><th>10</th><th>[[wiktionary:there|there]]</th><td>lay</td></tr>
|
<tr><th>11</th><th>[[wiktionary:who|who]]</th><td>kie</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>12</th><th>[[wiktionary:what|what]]</th><td>keeth</td></tr>
! 2000
<tr><th>13</th><th>[[wiktionary:where|where]]</th><td>ond</td></tr>
|
<tr><th>14</th><th>[[wiktionary:when|when]]</th><td>quand</td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>15</th><th>[[wiktionary:how|how]]</th><td>comment</td></tr>
|}
<tr><th>16</th><th>[[wiktionary:not|not]]</th><td>pass</td></tr>
 
<tr><th>17</th><th>[[wiktionary:all|all]]</th><td
==Somali-like relative of Zanahi==
====Numerals====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ ???? numerals
! Symbol !! Cardinal number
|-
<!--
! 0
| colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr-
|-->
! 1
| ceyn
|-
! 2
| dhaba
|-
! 3
| taray
|-
! 4
| shodor
|-
! 5
| fash
|-
! 6
| shag
|-
! 7
| hafad
|-
! 8
| casta
|-
! 9
| now
|-
! 10
| dhas
|-
! 11
| ceyn oo dhas
|-
! 20
| dhabaasan
|-
! 30
| tiriisan
|-
! 40
| shodoorsan
|-
! 50
| fashaasan
|-
! 60
| shagaasan
|-
! 70
| haftaasan
|-
! 80
| castaash
an
|-
! 90
| nabaasan
|-
! 100
| sid
|-
! 200
| dhow sid
|-
! 1000
| dahal
|-
! 2000
| dhaba dahal
|-
|}
 
==Somali-like Romlang==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Verb conjugation of ''amaal'' "to love" - non-continuous tenses
! !! colspan="3"| Present !! colspan="3"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative !! rowspan="2"| Jussive
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subordinate !! Adjectival !! Affirmative !! Negative !! Adjectival
|-
!1S
| amaa || ame || rowspan="6"| amá || amay || rowspan="6"| amays || rowspan="6"| amaý || — || áme
|-
!2S
| amaas || ames || amays || áma || ámes
|-
!3S
| amaa || ame || amay || — || áme
|-
!1P
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
|-
!2P
| amaad || amaad || amayd || amaád || ameéd
|-
!3P
| amaan || amaan || amayn || — || ameén
|-
|}
 
<!--
==English-like relative of Twench==
===Swadesh list===
'''Abbreviations:'''
*irr. = irregular (conjugation cannot be predicted from principal parts)
*pl. = plural
*pol. = polite
*arch. = archaic
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<tr>
<th>'''No.'''</th>
<th>[[wikipedia:English language|English]]</th>
<th>Unnamed</th>
</tr>
<tr><th>1</th><th>[[wiktionary:I|I]]</th><td>you</td></tr>
<tr><th>2</
|-
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] ||
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mi
|-
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] ||
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
|-
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || madre 
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] ||  
|-
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || adre 
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nis
|-
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || milo 
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || sis
|-
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || esco
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] ||
|-
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] ||
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] ||  
|-
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || con
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] ||
|-
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] ||   
|-
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] ||   
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] ||   
|-
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || preme
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quien
|-
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || prieno
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
|-
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] ||   
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] ||   
|-
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quan
|-
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||   
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] ||   
|-
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || silo
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
|-
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] ||
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || welho
|-
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || elo
|-
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || rosco
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || negos
|-
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] ||  
|-
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || guelta
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alho
|-
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ono
|-
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || duo
|-
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || chigo
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tris
|-
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || cruevo
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quiodres
|-
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || quinque
|-
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || maro
|-
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || siro
|-
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] ||   
|-
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || tievo
|-
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||   
|-
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || vuelto
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || beco
|-
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || queño
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || berro
|-
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || closta
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || ango 
|-
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||   
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || biena
|-
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || vero
|-
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || dante
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || duenho
|-
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || tanguad 
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || maco
|-
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] ||   
|-
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] ||   
|-
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || madre  
|-
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || adre  
|-
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || milo  
|-
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || esco
|-
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] ||   
|-
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || con
|-
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
|-
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || preme
|-
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || prieno
|-
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] ||   
|-
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||   
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||   
|-
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] ||   
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || silo
|-
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] ||   
|-
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||   
|-
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || rosco
|-
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
|-
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || guelta
|-
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
|-
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] ||   
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] ||
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || chigo
|-
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] ||
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || cruevo
|-
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] ||   
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] ||   
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
|-
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || vuelto
|-
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || queño
|-
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || closta
|-
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||   
|-
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||   
|-
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || dante
|-
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || tanguad  
|-
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
|-
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
|-
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
|-
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
|-
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
|-
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
|-
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
|-
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||   
|-
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] ||   
|-
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
|-
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||   
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
|-
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] ||   
|-
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] ||   
|-
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
|-
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] ||   
|-
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || 
|-
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] ||   
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] ||   
|-
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] ||   
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
|-
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
|-
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] ||   
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
|-
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || 
|-
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
|-
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] ||   
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
|-
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || 
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
|-
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
|-
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
|-
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] ||   
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
|-
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
|-
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||   
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||   
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||   
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
|-
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
|-
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] || 
|-
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
|-
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] ||   
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
|-
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||   
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] || 
|-
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
|-
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] ||   
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||   
|-
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] ||   
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] ||   
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
|-
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] ||   
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
|-
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] || 
|-
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
|-
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] ||   
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
|-
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] ||   
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] ||   
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || 
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] ||   
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] ||   
|-
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||   
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] ||   
|-
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||   
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
|-
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||   
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] ||   
|-
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || 
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||   
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
|-
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||   
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] ||   
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] ||   
|-
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||   
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] ||   
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||   
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||   
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
|-
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||   
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] ||   
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
|-
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||   
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
|-
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] ||   
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||   
|-
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] ||   
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||   
|-
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] ||   
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] ||   
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
|-
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||   
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||   
|-
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||   
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
|-
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || 
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
|}
 
==Descendent of Old Latin==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !!
|-
|-
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mu
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||
|-
|-
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||
|-
|-
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || gio
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] ||
|-
|-
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nox
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||
|-
|-
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || gox
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
|-
|-
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || giox (''m.''); giax (''f.'')
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||
|-
|-
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || xicce
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] ||
|-
|-
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || isto
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] ||
|-
|-
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || xic
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] ||
|-
|-
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || eve
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] ||
|-
|-
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quex
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
|-
|-
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||
|-
|-
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || cove
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||
|-
|-
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quando
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] ||
|-
|-
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || quan
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] ||
|-
|-
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] ||
|-
|-
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || guabrix
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] ||
|-
|-
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || moltox (''m.''); moltax (''f.'')
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] ||
|-
|-
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] ||   
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||   
|-
|-
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pocox; pokax
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||
|-
|-
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alio
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||
|-
|-
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || gueno (''m.''); guena (''f.'')
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||
|-
|-
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || dúox (''m.''); dúax (''f.'')
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||
|-
|-
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || trix
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||
|-
|-
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quattor
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] ||
|-
|-
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || chinque
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||
|-
|-
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || mangro
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] ||
|-
|-
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || luango
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||
|-
|-
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || lato
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||
|-
|-
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] ||   
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||   
|-
|-
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||  
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] ||
|-
|-
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] ||   
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||   
|-
|-
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] ||   
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] ||   
|-
|-
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] ||   
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] ||   
|-
|-
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||   
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] ||   
|-
|-
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || femna
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] ||
|-
|-
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || guero
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||
|-
|-
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || huamne
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||
|-
|-
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] ||   
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] ||   
|}
 
==Descendent of Old Latin==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !!
|-
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || femna
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || mu
|-
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || guero
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || tu
|-
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || matre 
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || gio
|-
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || patre 
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || nox
|-
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] ||
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || gox
|-
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || pesci
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || giox (''m.''); giax (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || agui
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || xicce
|-
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || cane
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || isto
|-
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || xic
|-
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || serpiante
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || eve
|-
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || ghiarmi
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || quex
|-
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || arbre
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || que
|-
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || selgua 
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || cove
|-
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || quando
|-
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || pomo
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || quan
|-
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] ||
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
|-
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || folio
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || guabrix
|-
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || moltox (''m.''); moltax (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||   
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] ||   
|-
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pocox; pokax
|-
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || alio
|-
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || gueno (''m.''); guena (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || dúox (''m.''); dúax (''f.'')
|-
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || carne
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || trix
|-
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] ||
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || quattor
|-
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || chinque
|-
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || mangro
|-
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || ogo
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || luango
|-
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || lato
|-
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] ||   
|-
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||  
|-
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||   
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] ||   
|-
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||  
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] ||
|-
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||   
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || guaclo
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||
|-
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || naso
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || femna
|-
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || guero
|-
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || diante
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || huamne
|-
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || dengua  
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] ||   
|-
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || femna
|-
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || guero
|-
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || matre  
|-
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || patre  
|-
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] ||   
|-
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || pesci
|-
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || agui
|-
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || cane
|-
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
|-
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || serpiante
|-
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || ghiarmi
|-
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || arbre
|-
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || selgua  
|-
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || bivre, bivo, beve
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||
|-
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || giadre, giado, gede
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || pomo
|-
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] ||   
|-
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || folio
|-
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||   
|-
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || guamre, guamo, gome
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||
|-
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
|-
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||   
|-
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
|-
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || guedere, guedio, guise
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||
|-
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || odire, odio, odigue
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || carne
|-
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || groscre, grosco, grogue
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] ||
|-
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || sentire, sianto, sentigue
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||
|-
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || ogo
|-
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || guigre, guigo, guige  
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
|-
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||   
|-
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||  
|-
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||   
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || guaclo
|-
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || naso
|-
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || diante
|-
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || dengua  
|-
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
|-
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
|-
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
|-
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
|-
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
|-
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
|-
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
|-
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || bivre, bivo, beve
|-
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || giadre, giado, gede
|-
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
|-
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || guamre, guamo, gome
|-
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
|-
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || guedere, guedio, guise
|-
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || odire, odio, odigue
|-
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || groscre, grosco, grogue
|-
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
|-
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || sentire, sianto, sentigue
|-
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || 
|-
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || sol
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || guigre, guigo, guige 
|-
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || lona
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||
|-
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
|-
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || aqua
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||
|-
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || 
|-
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
|-
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || mare
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||
|-
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || 
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
|-
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
|-
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
|-
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || tiarra
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||
|-
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
|-
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
|-
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || celo
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||
|-
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || ghianto
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||
|-
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||   
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
|-
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
|-
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] ||  
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||
|-
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
|-
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || muante
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||
|-
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||  
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||
|-
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] ||  
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||
|-
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
|-
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || albo
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||
|-
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || negro
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||
|-
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || noapte
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||
|-
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || día
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||
|-
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || anno
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||
|-
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
|-
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pleno
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||
|-
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nogo
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||
|-
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || seno
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||
|-
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || dueno
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || malo
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || sol
|-
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || lona
|-
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||   
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
|-
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || aqua
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||   
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
|-
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||   
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || mare
|-
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] ||   
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||   
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || secco
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||
|-
|-
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||   
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
|-
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || tiarra
|-
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||   
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
|-
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] ||   
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
|-
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || celo
|-
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || a
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || ghianto
|-
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || en
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||
|-
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || con
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||
|-
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || e
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||
|-
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||   
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
|-
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] ||  
|-
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || nome
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] || 
|}
|-
 
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] || 
==Blank Swadesh list==
|-
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || muante
<tr>
|-
<th>'''No.'''</th>
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||
<th>[[wikipedia:English language|English]]</th>
|-
<th> </th>
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] ||
</tr>
|-
<tr><th>1</th><th>[[wiktionary:I|I]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] || 
<tr><th>2</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>3</th><th>[[wiktionary:he|he]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || albo
<tr><th>4</th><th>[[wiktionary:we|we]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>5</th><th>[[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || negro
<tr><th>6</th><th>[[wiktionary:they|they]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>7</th><th>[[wiktionary:this|this]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || noapte
<tr><th>8</th><th>[[wiktionary:that|that]]</th><td> </td></tr>
|-
<tr><th>9</th><th>[[wiktionary:here|here]]</th><td> </td></tr>
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || día
<tr><th>10</th><th>[[wiktionary:there|there]]</th><td> <
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || anno
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] || 
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || 
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pleno
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nogo
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || seno
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || dueno
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || malo
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] || 
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || 
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || 
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || 
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || 
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || 
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || 
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||
|-
|-
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] ||   
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] ||   
|-
|-
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] ||   
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] ||   
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] ||   
|-
|-
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] ||   
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] ||   
|-
|-
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] ||   
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||   
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] ||   
|-
|-
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] ||   
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] ||   
|-
|-
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] ||   
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] ||   
|-
|-
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] ||   
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] ||   
|-
|-
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||   
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] ||   
|-
|-
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] ||   
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] ||   
|-
|-
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] ||   
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] ||   
|-
|-
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] ||   
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] ||   
|-
|-
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] ||   
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] ||   
|-
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] ||   
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] ||   
|-
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] ||   
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] ||   
|-
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] ||   
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] ||   
|-
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] ||   
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] ||   
|-
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] ||   
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] ||   
|-
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] ||   
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] ||   
|-
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] ||   
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] ||   
|-
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] ||   
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] ||   
|-
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] ||   
|-
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] ||   
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] ||   
|-
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] ||   
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] ||   
|-
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] ||   
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] ||   
|-
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] ||   
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] ||   
|-
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||   
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] ||   
|-
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||   
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] ||   
|-
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] ||   
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] ||   
|-
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] ||   
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] ||   
|-
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||   
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] ||   
|-
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||   
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] ||   
|-
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||   
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] ||   
|-
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] ||   
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] ||   
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] ||   
|-
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||   
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] ||   
|-
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||   
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] ||   
|-
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||   
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] ||   
|-
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] ||   
|-
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] ||   
|-
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] ||   
|-
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||   
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] ||   
|-
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||   
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] ||   
|-
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||   
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||   
|-
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||   
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||   
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] ||   
|-
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] ||   
|-
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] ||   
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] ||   
|-
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] ||   
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] ||   
|-
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] ||   
|-
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] ||   
|-
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||   
|-
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||   
|-
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||   
|-
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||   
|-
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||   
|-
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||   
|-
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] ||   
|-
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] ||   
|-
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] ||   
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||   
|-
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||   
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] ||   
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||   
|-
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||   
|-
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||   
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||   
|-
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||   
|-
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||   
|-
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] ||   
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] ||   
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] ||   
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] ||   
|-
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||   
|-
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] ||   
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] ||   
|-
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||   
|-
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||   
|-
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] ||   
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||   
|-
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||   
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||   
|-
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||   
|-
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] ||   
|-
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] || 
|-
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||   
|-
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] ||   
|-
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] ||   
|-
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||   
|-
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] ||   
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] ||   
|-
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||   
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] ||   
|-
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] ||   
|-
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] ||   
|-
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] ||   
|-
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] ||   
|-
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] ||   
|-
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] ||   
|-
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] ||   
|-
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] ||   
|-
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||   
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] ||   
|-
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] ||   
|-
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] ||   
|-
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] || 
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||   
|-
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||   
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||   
|-
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||   
|-
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||   
|-
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] || 
|-
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] ||   
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||   
|-
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] ||   
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] ||   
|-
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] ||   
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || 
|-
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||   
|-
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] ||   
|-
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] ||   
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||   
|-
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||   
|-
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||   
|-
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||   
|-
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] ||   
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||   
|-
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||   
|-
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||   
|-
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||   
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||   
|-
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||   
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||   
|-
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||   
|-
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] ||   
|-
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||   
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||   
|-
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||   
|-
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] || 
|-
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||   
|-
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || 
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||   
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] ||   
|-
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || 
|-
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] ||   
|-
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] ||   
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] ||   
|-
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || 
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] ||   
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] ||   
|-
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] ||   
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] ||   
|-
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || 
|-
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] ||   
|-
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] ||   
|-
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] ||   
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||   
|-
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] ||   
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||   
|-
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] ||   
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] ||   
|-
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] ||   
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] ||   
|-
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] ||   
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] ||   
|-
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||   
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||   
|-
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||   
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||   
|-
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] ||   
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||   
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] ||   
|-
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||   
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] ||   
|-
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||   
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] ||   
|-
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || 
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
|-
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] ||   
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||   
|-
|-
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] ||   
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||   
|-
|-
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] ||   
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] ||   
|-
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||   
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] ||   
|-
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || 
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
|-
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] ||   
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||   
|-
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||   
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] ||   
|-
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] ||   
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] ||   
|-
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] ||   
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] ||   
|-
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] ||   
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] ||   
|-
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || 
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
|-
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] ||   
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||   
|-
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||   
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] ||   
|-
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] ||   
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] ||   
|}
 
==Vocab template==
===Time - '' ''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Seasons - '' ''
! English !!
|-
|-
| spring ||  
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || 
|-
|-
| summer ||  
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || 
|-
|-
| fall ||  
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || 
|-
|-
| winter ||  
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || 
|-
|-
|}
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Gregorian months - '' ''
! English !!
|-
|-
| January ||  
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || 
|-
|-
| February ||  
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || 
|-
|-
| March ||  
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || 
|-
|-
| April ||  
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || 
|-
|-
| May ||  
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || 
|-
|-
| June ||  
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || 
|-
|-
| July ||  
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || 
|-
|-
| August ||  
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || 
|-
|-
| September ||  
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || 
|-
|-
| October ||  
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] || 
|-
|-
| November ||  
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || 
|-
|-
| December ||  
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || 
|-
|-
|}
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] ||
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Days of the week - '' ''
! English !!
|-
|-
| Sunday ||  
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || 
|-
|-
| Monday ||  
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || 
|-
|-
| Tuesday ||  
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || 
|-
|-
| Wednesday ||  
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || 
|-
|-
| Thursday ||  
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || 
|-
|-
| Friday ||  
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||
|-
| Saturday ||  
|-
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || 
|}
|}


==Vocab template==
===Time - '' ''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - '' ''
|+ Seasons - '' ''
! English !!  
! English !!  
|-
| day ||
|-
|-
| dawn ||  
| spring ||  
|-
|-
| morning ||  
| summer ||  
|-
|-
| noon ||  
| fall ||  
|-
|-
| afternoon ||
| winter ||  
|-
| evening ||
|-
| dusk ||
|-
| night ||  
|-
|-
| midnight ||
|}
|}


{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - '' ''
|+ Gregorian months - '' ''
! English !!  
! English !!  
|-
| second ||
|-
|-
| minute ||  
| January ||
|-
| February ||  
|-
|-
| hour ||  
| March ||  
|-
|-
| day ||  
| April ||  
|-
|-
| week ||  
| May ||  
|-
|-
| month ||  
| June ||  
|-
|-
| season ||  
| July ||  
|-
|-
| year ||  
| August ||  
|-
|-
|}
| September ||
 
|-
| October ||
|-
| November ||
|-
| December ||
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Time adverbs - '' ''
|+ Days of the week - '' ''
! English !!  
! English !!  
|-
|-
| now ||  
| Sunday ||  
|-
|-
| then ||  
| Monday ||  
|-
|-
| recently, a short time ago ||  
| Tuesday ||  
|-
|-
| earlier ||  
| Wednesday ||  
|-
|-
| soon, shortly ||  
| Thursday ||  
|-
|-
| later ||  
| Friday ||  
|-
|-
| always ||  
| Saturday ||  
|-
|-
| often ||  
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - '' ''
! English !!
|-
| day ||  
|-
|-
| sometimes ||  
| dawn ||  
|-
|-
| rarely ||  
| morning ||  
|-
|-
| never ||  
| noon ||  
|-
|-
| ever ||  
| afternoon ||  
|-
|-
| still, yet ||  
| evening ||  
|-
|-
| already ||  
| dusk ||  
|-
|-
| today ||  
| night ||  
|-
|-
| tonight ||  
| midnight ||
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - '' ''
! English !!
|-
| second ||  
|-
|-
| yesterday ||  
| minute ||  
|-
|-
| last night ||  
| hour ||  
|-
|-
| tomorrow ||  
| day ||  
|-
|-
| before yesterday ||  
| week ||  
|-
|-
| two nights ago ||  
| month ||  
|-
|-
| after tomorrow ||  
| season ||  
|-
|-
| this week ||
| year ||  
|-
| last week ||
|-
| next week ||  
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Colours - '' ''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Colours - '' ''
|+ Time adverbs - '' ''
! English !!  
! English !!  
|-
|-
| white ||
| now ||  
|-
|-
| grey ||
| then ||  
|-
|-
| black ||
| recently, a short time ago ||  
|-
|-
| red ||
| earlier ||  
|-
|-
| orange ||
| soon, shortly ||  
|-
|-
| brown ||
| later ||  
|-
|-
| yellow ||
| always ||  
|-
|-
| green ||
| often ||  
|-
|-
| blue ||
| sometimes ||  
|-
|-
| pink ||
| rarely ||  
|-
|-
| purple ||
| never ||  
|-
|-
| golden ||
| ever ||  
|-
|-
|}
| still, yet ||  
 
<!--
==Mayal/Makaahiil==
 
In 1932, ''Mahammad 'Abdi Makaahiil'' (Somali: ''Maxamed Cabdi Makaahiil''), a Somali scholar who studied at Al-Azhar University, published a short book titled "Inšāʾ al makātibāt al ʿarabiyyah fīl-luġah as-Sūmāliyyah" (Arabic: إنشاء المكاتبات العربية في اللغة الصوماليّة; ''Creating of Arabic correspondences in the Somali language'') in which he printed Somali orthographic conventions as well as several sample letters and many sample proverbs. He built upon earlier work by ''Ibraahim Cabdullaahi Mayal''. In this book, he also argues against those who at the time favored adopting Arabic language as the sole official language of Somalia, and he argued strongly for adopting Arabic Script for Somali language.<ref name="AhmadSheikh">Sheikh, Ahmed. “Somali with Arabic Script – a Linguistic Historical Study (Somaliska Med Arabisk Skrift – En Språkhistorisk Studie).” Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive, Winter 2019.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20230601144624/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/63249/gupea_2077_63249_1.pdf]</ref>
 
Makaahiil's proposed orthography uses the same letters as in Arabic, with only two additional letters, ڎ for /ɖ/ and  گ for /g/. On the other hand, there are 8 consonants in Arabic alphabet that do not exist in Somali language (except for writing Arabic loanwords), which include the letters thāʼ (ث), dhal (ذ), zāy (ز), ṣād (ص), ḍād (ض), ṭāʾ (ط), ẓāʾ (ظ), and ghayn (غ).
 
This writing convention relies on [[w:Arabic diacritics|vowel diacritics]].
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Somali Arabic Alphabet
! rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="4" |Forms
! rowspan="2" |Sound represented
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Latin]] equivalent
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
|-
!Isolated
| already ||
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|-
|-
|ʾalif<br>الف
| today ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ا</span>
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـا</span>
| tonight ||  
|
|
| - / /a/
| -
| ''ʾalif'' has two functions, first as vowel carrier for vowels at the beginning of words. Second for showing long vowel ''"aa"''.
|-
|-
| bāʾ<br>باء
| yesterday ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـبـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">بـ</span>
|/b/
|b
|
|-
|-
| tāʾ<br>تاء
| last night ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـتـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">تـ</span>
|/t/
|t
|
|-
|-
|thāʼ <br>ثاء
| tomorrow ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span>
|/s/
|s
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|-
|jīm<br>جيم
| before yesterday ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span>
|/d͡ʒ/
|j
|
|-
|-
|ḥāʾ<br>حاء
| two nights ago ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـحـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">حـ</span>
|/ħ/
|x
|
|-
|-
|khāʾ<br>خاء
| after tomorrow ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خـ</span>
|/χ/
|kh
|
|-
|-
|dāl<br>دال
| this week ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">د</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـد</span>
|
|
|/d/
|d
|
|-
|-
|dhāl<br>ذال
| last week ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـذ</span>
|
|
|/d/
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|-
|dhā<br>ڎا
| next week ||  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڎ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڎ</span>
|
|
|/ɖ/
|dh
|Additional letter not present in Arabic<br>Also historically represented by ط
|-
|-
|rāʾ<br>راء
|}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ر</span>
 
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـر</span>
===Colours - '' ''===
|
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|
|+ Colours - '' ''
|/r/
! English !!
|r
|
|-
|-
|zāʾ<br>زاي
| white ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ز</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـز</span>
|
|
|/z/
|z
|
|-
|-
|sīn<br>سين
| grey ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">س</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـس</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـسـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">سـ</span>
|/s/
|s
|
|-
|-
|shīn<br>شين
| black ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ش</span>
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـش</span>
| red ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـشـ</span>
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">شـ</span>
| orange ||
|/ʃ/
|sh
|
|-
|-
|ṣād<br>صاد
| brown ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـصـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span>
|/s/
|s
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|-
|ḍād <br>ضاد
| yellow ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـضـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ضـ</span>
|/d/
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|-
|ṭāʾ<br>طاء
| green ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span>
|/t/, /ɖ/
|t, dh
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.<br>Also historically used for representing "dh" instead of ڎ
|-
|-
|ẓāʾ <br>ظاء
| blue ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span>
|/d/~/z/
|d, z
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Some such loan words are written in Latin with "z", others with "d".
|-
|-
|ʿayn<br>عين
| pink ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـعـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">عـ</span>
|/ʕ/
| c
|
|-
|-
|ghayn<br>غين
| purple ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span>
|/ɣ/~/g/
|g
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|-
|fāʾ<br>فاء
| golden ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|/f/
|f
|
|-
|-
|qāf<br>قاف
|}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ق</span>
 
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـق</span>
<!--
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span>
==Mayal/Makaahiil==
|<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span>
 
|/q/
In 1932, ''Mahammad 'Abdi Makaahiil'' (Somali: ''Maxamed Cabdi Makaahiil''), a Somali scholar who studied at Al-Azhar University, published a short book titled "Inšāʾ al makātibāt al ʿarabiyyah fīl-luġah as-Sūmāliyyah" (Arabic: إنشاء المكاتبات العربية في اللغة الصوماليّة; ''Creating of Arabic correspondences in the Somali language'') in which he printed Somali orthographic conventions as well as several sample letters and many sample proverbs. He built upon earlier work by ''Ibraahim Cabdullaahi Mayal''. In this book, he also argues against those who at the time favored adopting Arabic language as the sole official language of Somalia, and he argued strongly for adopting Arabic Script for Somali language.<ref name="AhmadSheikh">Sheikh, Ahmed. “Somali with Arabic Script – a Linguistic Historical Study (Somaliska Med Arabisk Skrift – En Språkhistorisk Studie).” Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive, Winter 2019.
|q
[https://web.archive.org/web/20230601144624/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/63249/gupea_2077_63249_1.pdf]</ref>
 
Makaahiil's proposed orthography uses the same letters as in Arabic, with only two additional letters, ڎ for /ɖ/ and  گ for /g/. On the other hand, there are 8 consonants in Arabic alphabet that do not exist in Somali language (except for writing Arabic loanwords), which include the letters thāʼ (ث), dhal (ذ), zāy (ز), ṣād (ص), ḍād (ض), ṭāʾ (ط), ẓāʾ (ظ), and ghayn (غ).
 
This writing convention relies on [[w:Arabic diacritics|vowel diacritics]].
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Somali Arabic Alphabet
! rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="4" |Forms
! rowspan="2" |Sound represented
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Latin]] equivalent
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!Isolated
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|-
|ʾalif<br>الف
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـا</span>
|
|
|
| - / /a/
| -
| ''ʾalif'' has two functions, first as vowel carrier for vowels at the beginning of words. Second for showing long vowel ''"aa"''.
|-
|-
|kāf<br>كاف
| bāʾ<br>باء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـكـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـبـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">كـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">بـ</span>
|/k/
|/b/
|k
|b
|
|-
|gāʾ<br>گاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">گ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـگ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـگـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">گـ</span>
|/ɡ/
|g
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.
|-
|lām<br>لام
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـلـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">لـ</span>
|/l/
|l
|
|
|-
|-
|mīm<br>ميم
| tāʾ<br>تاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">م</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـم</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـمـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـتـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">مـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">تـ</span>
|/m/
|/t/
|m
|t
|
|
|-
|-
|nūn<br>نون
|thāʼ <br>ثاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـنـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">نـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span>
|/n/
|/s/
|n
|s
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|jīm<br>جيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span>
|/d͡ʒ/
|j
|
|
|-
|-
|wāw<br>واو
|ḥāʾ<br>حاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">و</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـو</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـح</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـحـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">حـ</span>
|/ħ/
|x
|
|
|/w/<Br>/ɞ:/, /ɔ:/, /ʉ:/, /u:/
|w and oo, uu
|The letter ''wāw'' serves two functions. First is as a vowel, with a sound [w]. Second is in writing of long vowels "oo" and "uu".
|-
|-
|hāʾ<br>هاء
|khāʾ<br>خاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ه</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـه</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـهـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">هـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خـ</span>
|/h/
|/χ/
|h
|kh
|
|
|-
|-
|yāʾ<br>ياء
|dāl<br>دال
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">د</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـد</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـيـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">يـ</span>
|
|/j/<Br>/e:/, /ɛ:/, /i:/, /ɪ:/
|/d/
| y, ee, ii
|d
| The letter ''yāʾ'' serves two functions. First is as a vowel, with a sound [j]. Second is in writing of long vowels "ee" and "ii".
|
|-
|-
|hamzah<br>همزة
|dhāl<br>ذال
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ء</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـذ</span>
|
|
|
|/d/
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|dhā<br>ڎا
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڎ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڎ</span>
|
|
|
|
|/ʔ/
|/ɖ/
| ’
|dh
|  
|Additional letter not present in Arabic<br>Also historically represented by ط
|}
 
As for vowels, in [[w:Somali phonology|Somali]], there are five vowel articulations. These vowel articulations can either be [[Vowel length|short or long]]. Each vowel also has a harmonic counterpart, expressed either at the front or at the back of the mouth. Somali words follow a vowel harmony rule. However, Somali orthography, neither [[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Somali Latin alphabet]], nor Arabic alphabet, nor [[w:Osmanya alphabet|Osmanya alphabet]] distinguish between the two vowel harmony sets.
 
A shortcoming of the Arabic script for Somali language, is that while Somali has 5 vowels, Arabic has 3. This was where, Galaal got the most creative, coming up with brand new letters to represent vowels. In the 1961 Somali Language Committee Report, several other Arabic proposals were also listed, where other solutions were proposed for showing the 5 short vowels and 5 long vowels. None of these other proposals gained traction.<ref name="Qutbi1961">Qutbi, A. Sh. A. “The Report of the Somali Language Committee, 1961.” Internet Archive, May 15, 1961. [https://archive.org/details/LinguisticReport1961 https://archive.org/details/LinguisticReport1961].</ref>
 
In Mahammad 'Abdi Makaahiil's orthographic convention, he added two new diacritics. For short vowel sounds [a], [u], and [i], [[Arabic diacritics]] are used. For long vowel sounds [a:], [u:], and [i:], similar to Arabic, the letters ''alif'' (ا), ''wāw'' (و), and ''yāʾ'' (ي) respectively.
 
For the short vowel sound [e], Makaahil interpreted the sound to be in between [a] and [i], thus he proposed to combine "◌َ " (''Fatha'', [a]) and "◌ِ" and (''Dhamma'', [i]), and write "◌َِ". As for long vowel sound [e:], it'd be written as "◌َِ" followed by ''yāʾ'' (ي).<ref name="AhmadSheikh"/>
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! -a || -e || -i || -o || -u
|rāʾ<br>راء
|-dir="rtl"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ر</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـر</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َِ</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
|/r/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
|r
|}
|
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! -aa || -ee || -ii || -oo || -uu
|zāʾ<br>زاي
|-dir="rtl"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ز</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـز</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َِيـ / ◌َِي</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">يـ / ي</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗو</span>
|/z/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">و / ـو</span>
|z
|}
|
 
|-
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). Long vowels are written as they would in the middle of the word, except that ''wāw'' (و), and ''yāʾ'' (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif madda]]'' (آ) is used.<ref name="AhmadSheikh"/>
|sīn<br>سين
 
|<span style="font-size:160%;">س</span>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـس</span>
|+Vowel in the beginning of words in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـسـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">سـ</span>
|/s/
|s
|
|-
|-
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
|shīn<br>شين
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ش</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـش</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـشـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">شـ</span>
|/ʃ/
|sh
|
|-
|-
! A || E || I || O || U || Aa || Ee || Ii || Oo || Uu
|ṣād<br>صاد
|-dir="rtl"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ص</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـص</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَِ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـصـ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
|/s/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
|s
 
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَِيـ / اَِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٝو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">او</span>
|}
-->
 
==My Somali Arabic alphabet==
===Letters===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Somali Arabic Alphabet
! colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="4" |Forms
! rowspan="2" |Sound represented
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Latin]] equivalent
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
|-
! Arabicized
|ḍād <br>ضاد
! Traditional Somali
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ض</span>
!Isolated
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـض</span>
!Final
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـضـ</span>
!Medial
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ضـ</span>
!Initial
|/d/
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|-
| alif<br>الف
|ṭāʾ<br>طاء
| alif<br>الف
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span>
|
|/t/, /ɖ/
| /aː/
|t, dh
| aa
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.<br>Also historically used for representing "dh" instead of ڎ
| ''alif'' has two functions: firstly, as a carrier for ''hamzah'' (which may not be written, especially at the beginning of words). Secondly, for showing the long vowel "aa".
|-
|ẓāʾ <br>ظاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span>
|/d/~/z/
|d, z
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Some such loan words are written in Latin with "z", others with "d".
|-
|-
| baa'<br>باء
|ʿayn<br>عين
| ba'<br>بأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـعـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـبـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">عـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">بـ</span>
|/ʕ/
|/b/
| c
|b
|
|
|-
|-
| paa'<br>پاء
|ghayn<br>غين
| pa'<br>پأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">پ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـپ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـپـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">پـ</span>
|/ɣ/~/g/
|[β] (weak allophone of /b/); /p/ (loanwords, Af Maay)
|g
|b; p (Af Maay)
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
| This is an extra letter that is not normally used. It can be used for intervocalic /b/ pronounced as /β/, especially in Af Maay. It can also be used for /p/ in foreign words (where it is usually replaced with ''b'') and initially in some Af Maay words.
|-
|-
| taa'<br>تاء
|fāʾ<br>فاء
| ta'<br>تأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـتـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">تـ</span>
|/f/
|/t/
|f
|t
|
|
|-
|-
|<u>th</u>aaʼ <br>ثاء
|qāf<br>قاف
|<u>th</u>a' <br>ثأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ق</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـق</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span>
|/q/
|/θ/ (loanwords)
|q
|s
|
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s'' or ''t'' (or sometimes ''d'').
|-
|-
|jiim<br>جيم
|kāf<br>كاف
|jiim<br>جيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـكـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">كـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span>
|/k/
|/d͡ʒ ~ t͡ʃ/
|k
|j
|
|-
|gāʾ<br>گاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">گ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـگ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـگـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">گـ</span>
|/ɡ/
|g
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.
|-
|lām<br>لام
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـلـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">لـ</span>
|/l/
|l
|
|
|-
|-
|jhiim<br>ڃيم
|mīm<br>ميم
|jhiim<br>ڃيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">م</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڃ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـم</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڃ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـمـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڃـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">مـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڃـ</span>
|/m/
|/ʄ/
|m
|jh (Af Maay)
| Used in Af Maay. Generally corresponds to ''dh'' or ''j'' in Af Maxaa.
|-
|chiim<br>چيم
|chiim<br>چيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">چ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـچ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـچـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">چـ</span>
|/t͡ʃ/
| (ch)
| Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with ''jiim'').
|-
|xaa'<br>حاء
|xa'<br>حأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـحـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">حـ</span>
|/ħ/
|x
|
|
|-
|-
|khaa'<br>خاء
|nūn<br>نون
| kha'<br>خأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـنـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">نـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خـ</span>
|/n/
|/χ/
|n
|kh
|
|
|-
|-
|daal<br>دال
|wāw<br>واو
| deel<br>ديل
|<span style="font-size:160%;">و</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">د</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـو</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـد</span>
|
|
|
|
|/d/
|/w/<Br>/ɞ:/, /ɔ:/, /ʉ:/, /u:/
|d
|w and oo, uu
|The letter ''wāw'' serves two functions. First is as a vowel, with a sound [w]. Second is in writing of long vowels "oo" and "uu".
|-
|hāʾ<br>هاء
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ه</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـه</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـهـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">هـ</span>
|/h/
|h
|
|
|-
|-
|thaal<br>ذال
|yāʾ<br>ياء
| theel<br>ذيل
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـيـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">يـ</span>
|/j/<Br>/e:/, /ɛ:/, /i:/, /ɪ:/
| y, ee, ii
| The letter ''yāʾ'' serves two functions. First is as a vowel, with a sound [j]. Second is in writing of long vowels "ee" and "ii".
|-
|hamzah<br>همزة
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ء</span>
|
|
|
|
|/ð/ (foreign); [ð] (weak allophone of /d/)
|d; th (Af Maay)
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used in native Sonali words for [ð], especially in Af Maay.
|-
|dhaal<br>ڎال
| dheel
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڎ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڎ</span>
|
|
|
|/ʔ/
|/ɖ/
| ’
|dh
|  
|Additional letter not present in Arabic. Can be used as a less common alternative of ڟ. Alternatively, it can be used for /ɖ/ in "''dh''-dialects" in positions where it is replaced with /r/ in "''r''-dialects".
|}
 
As for vowels, in [[w:Somali phonology|Somali]], there are five vowel articulations. These vowel articulations can either be [[Vowel length|short or long]]. Each vowel also has a harmonic counterpart, expressed either at the front or at the back of the mouth. Somali words follow a vowel harmony rule. However, Somali orthography, neither [[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Somali Latin alphabet]], nor Arabic alphabet, nor [[w:Osmanya alphabet|Osmanya alphabet]] distinguish between the two vowel harmony sets.
 
A shortcoming of the Arabic script for Somali language, is that while Somali has 5 vowels, Arabic has 3. This was where, Galaal got the most creative, coming up with brand new letters to represent vowels. In the 1961 Somali Language Committee Report, several other Arabic proposals were also listed, where other solutions were proposed for showing the 5 short vowels and 5 long vowels. None of these other proposals gained traction.<ref name="Qutbi1961">Qutbi, A. Sh. A. “The Report of the Somali Language Committee, 1961.” Internet Archive, May 15, 1961. [https://archive.org/details/LinguisticReport1961 https://archive.org/details/LinguisticReport1961].</ref>
 
In Mahammad 'Abdi Makaahiil's orthographic convention, he added two new diacritics. For short vowel sounds [a], [u], and [i], [[Arabic diacritics]] are used. For long vowel sounds [a:], [u:], and [i:], similar to Arabic, the letters ''alif'' (ا), ''wāw'' (و), and ''yāʾ'' (ي) respectively.
 
For the short vowel sound [e], Makaahil interpreted the sound to be in between [a] and [i], thus he proposed to combine "◌َ " (''Fatha'', [a]) and "◌ِ" and (''Dhamma'', [i]), and write "◌َِ". As for long vowel sound [e:], it'd be written as "◌َِ" followed by ''yāʾ'' (ي).<ref name="AhmadSheikh"/>
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
|raaʾ<br>راء
! -a || -e || -i || -o || -u
| ra'<br>رأ
|-dir="rtl"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ر</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـر</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َِ</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
|/r/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
|r
|}
|
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
|zaay<br>زاي
! -aa || -ee || -ii || -oo || -uu
| za'<br>زأ
|-dir="rtl"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ز</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـز</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َِيـ / ◌َِي</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">يـ / ي</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗو</span>
|/z/ (foreign)
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">و / ـو</span>
|s
|}
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s''.
 
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). Long vowels are written as they would in the middle of the word, except that ''wāw'' (و), and ''yāʾ'' (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif madda]]'' (آ) is used.<ref name="AhmadSheikh"/>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel in the beginning of words in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
|siin<br>سين
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
| siin<br>سين
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
|<span style="font-size:160%;">س</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـس</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـسـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">سـ</span>
|/s/
|s
|
|-
|-
|shiin<br>شين
! A || E || I || O || U || Aa || Ee || Ii || Oo || Uu
| shiin<br>شين
|-dir="rtl"
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ش</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـش</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَِ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـشـ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">شـ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
|/ʃ/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
|sh
 
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَِيـ / اَِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٝو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">او</span>
|}
-->
 
==My Somali Arabic alphabet==
===Letters===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Somali Arabic Alphabet
! colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="4" |Forms
! rowspan="2" |Sound represented
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Latin]] equivalent
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! Arabicized
! Traditional Somali
!Isolated
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|-
| alif<br>الف
| alif<br>الف
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـا</span>
|
|
|
| /aː/
| aa
| ''alif'' has two functions: firstly, as a carrier for ''hamzah'' (which may not be written, especially at the beginning of words). Secondly, for showing the long vowel "aa".
|-
|-
|ṣaad<br>صاد
| baa'<br>باء
| ṣaad<br>صاد
| ba'<br>بأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـصـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـبـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">بـ</span>
|/sˁ/ (Arabic)
|/b/
| s
|b
| Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s''.
|
|-
|ḍaad <br>ضاد
| ḍaad<br>ضاد
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـضـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ضـ</span>
|/d͡ɮˁ/ (Arabic)
|l, d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''d'' or ''l''.
|-
|-
|ṭaa'<br>طاء
| paa'<br>پاء
| ṭa'<br>طأ
| pa'<br>پأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">پ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـپ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـپـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">پـ</span>
|/tˁ/ (Arabic); /d/ (back harmony)
|[β] (weak allophone of /b/); /p/ (loanwords, Af Maay)
|d
|b; p (Af Maay)
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Used (optionally) in some Somali words for /d/ near back harmony vowels.
| This is an extra letter that is not normally used. It can be used for intervocalic /b/ pronounced as /β/, especially in Af Maay. It can also be used for /p/ in foreign words (where it is usually replaced with ''b'') and initially in some Af Maay words.
|-
|-
|ṭhaa' <br>ظاء
| taa'<br>تاء
| ṭha'<br>ظأ
| ta'<br>تأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـتـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">تـ</span>
|/ðˁ/; [ð] (weak allophone of /d/, back harmony)
|/t/
|d, th (Af Maay)
|t
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Can be used in Somali words for the [ð] allophone of /d/ near back harmony vowels.
|
|-
|-
|dhaaʾ<br>ڟاء
|<u>th</u>aaʼ <br>ثاء
| dha'<br>ڟأ
|<u>th</u>a' <br>ثأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڟ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڟ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڟـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڟـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span>
|/ɖ/
|/θ/ (loanwords)
|dh
|s
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.<!-- Properly used for initial, post-consonantal, and geminated /ɖ/ (which is not replaced with /r/ in any dialect).-->
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s'' or ''t'' (or sometimes ''d'').
|-
|-
|cayn<br>عين
|jiim<br>جيم
| cayn<br>عين
|jiim<br>جيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـعـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">عـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span>
|/ʕ/
|/d͡ʒ ~ t͡ʃ/
| c
|j
|
|
|-
|ghayn<br>غين
| ɣayn<br>غين
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span>
|/ɣ/ (Arabic); [ɣ] (weak allophone of /ɡ/)
|q; gh (Af Maay)
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used for the [ɣ] allophone of ''g'', especially in Af Maay.
|-
|-
|faaʾ<br>فاء
|jhiim<br>ڃيم
| fa'<br>فأ
|jhiim<br>ڃيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڃ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڃ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڃـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڃـ</span>
|/f/
|/ʄ/
|f
|jh (Af Maay)
|  
| Used in Af Maay. Generally corresponds to ''dh'' or ''j'' in Af Maxaa.
|-
|-
|vaaʾ<br>ڤاء
|chiim<br>چيم
| va'<br>ڤأ
|chiim<br>چيم
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">چ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـچ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـچـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">چـ</span>
|/v/
|/t͡ʃ/
|v (foreign)
| (ch)
| Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with <i>faa'</i>).
| Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with ''jiim'').
|-
|-
|qaaf<br>قاف
|xaa'<br>حاء
| qaaf<br>قاف
|xa'<br>حأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ق</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـق</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـحـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">حـ</span>
|/q/; /ɠ~ʛ/ (Af Maay)
|/ħ/
|q
|x
|
|
|-
|-
|kaaf<br>كاف
|khaa'<br>خاء
| kaaf<br>كاف
| kha'<br>خأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـكـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">كـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خـ</span>
|/k/
|/χ/
|k
|kh
|  
|
|-
|-
|gaaf<br>ڭاف
|daal<br>دال
| gaaf<br>ڭاف
| deel<br>ديل
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڭ‎</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">د</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڭ‎</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـد</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڭـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڭـ</span>
|
|/ɡ/
|/d/
|g
|d
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.
|
<!--
|-
|-
|gaaf<br>ڬاف
|thaal<br>ذال
| gaaf<br>ڬاف
| theel<br>ذيل
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڬ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڬ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڬـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڬـ</span>
|
|/ɡ/
|/ð/ (foreign); [ð] (weak allophone of /d/)
|g
|d; th (Af Maay)
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.-->
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used in native Sonali words for [ð], especially in Af Maay.
|-
|-
|laam<br>لام
|dhaal<br>ڎال
| laam<br>لام
| dheel
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڎ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڎ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـلـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">لـ</span>
|/l/
|l
|
|
|/ɖ/
|dh
|Additional letter not present in Arabic. Can be used as a less common alternative of ڟ. Alternatively, it can be used for /ɖ/ in "''dh''-dialects" in positions where it is replaced with /r/ in "''r''-dialects".
|-
|-
|miim<br>ميم
|raaʾ<br>راء
| miim<br>ميم
| ra'<br>رأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">م</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ر</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـم</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـر</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـمـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">مـ</span>
|
|/m/
|/r/
|m, -n
|r
| Often represents /n/ when unvowelled word-finally.
|
|-
|-
|ngiim<br>ݦيم
|zaay<br>زاي
| ngiim<br>ݦيم
| za'<br>زأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݦ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ز</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݦ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـز</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݦـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݦـ</span>
|
|/ŋ/
|/z/ (foreign)
|ng
|s
| Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal ''-n'' in Af Maay. Can instead be written with ''nuun''.
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s''.
|-
|-
|nuun<br>نون
|siin<br>سين
| nuun<br>نون
| siin<br>سين
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">س</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـس</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـنـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـسـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">نـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">سـ</span>
|/n/
|/s/
|n
|s
|
|
|-
|-
|nyuun<br>ݧون
|shiin<br>شين
| nyuun<br>ݧون
| shiin<br>شين
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݧ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ش</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݧ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـش</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݧـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـشـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݧـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">شـ</span>
|/ɲ/
|/ʃ/
|ny (also written "y‘" in Af Maay)
|sh
| Mainly used in Af Maay. It can also be used in Af Maxaa, but it is usually replaced with ''y'' or else written as ''ny''.
|
|-
|-
|waaw<br>واو
|ṣaad<br>صاد
| woow<br>وو
| ṣaad<br>صاد
|<span style="font-size:160%;">و</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـو</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـص</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـصـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span>
|/w/<Br>/ɞ: ~ ɔ:/, /ʉ: ~ u:/
|/sˁ/ (Arabic)
|w<br>oo, uu
| s
|The letter ''waaw'' serves three functions. Firstly, is as a consonant, with a sound /w/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /oː/ and /uː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for ''hamzah''.
| Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s''.
|-
|-
|haa'<br>هاء
|ḍaad <br>ضاد
| ha'<br>هأ
| ḍaad<br>ضاد
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ه<br>ة</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـه<br>ـة</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـهـ<br></span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـضـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">هـ<br></span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ضـ</span>
|/h/
|/d͡ɮˁ/ (Arabic)
|h
|l, d
| <i>Haa'</i> is also used silently at the end of nouns ending in /e/, /o/, (in Af Maay) /ə/. Such a silent <i>haa'</i> may be replaced with ''taa' marbuuṭah'' (ـَة، ة) in some words (generally feminine words and/or words that end in it in Arabic).
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''d'' or ''l''.
|-
|-
|yaa'<br>ياء
|ṭaa'<br>طاء
| ya'<br>يأ
| ṭa'<br>طأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـيـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">يـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span>
|/j/<Br>/eː ~ ɛ:/, /i: ~ ɪ:/
|/tˁ/ (Arabic); /d/ (back harmony)
| y<br>ee, ii
|d
| The letter <i>yaa'</i> serves three functions. Firstly, it is used as a consonant, with a sound /j/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /eː/ and /iː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for ''hamzah''. It can also be used silently at the ends of words ending in ''-e'' as an alternative to <i>haa'</i>.
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Used (optionally) in some Somali words for /d/ near back harmony vowels.
|-
|-
|hamzah<br>همزة
|ṭhaa' <br>ظاء
| hamse/firgin<br>همزه\فرڭن
| ṭha'<br>ظأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ء<br>أ<br>ؤ<br>ئ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;"><br>ـأ<br>ـؤ<br>ـئ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;"><br><br><br>ـئـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;"><br><br><br>ئـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span>
|/ʔ/
|/ðˁ/; [ð] (weak allophone of /d/, back harmony)
| ’
|d, th (Af Maay)
| It may be written on its own (ء) or with a carrier (أ، ؤ، ئ) depending on the environment.
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Can be used in Somali words for the [ð] allophone of /d/ near back harmony vowels.
|}
 
===Diacritics===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Name
|dhaaʾ<br>ڟاء
! rowspan="2"| Diacritic
| dha'<br>ڟأ
! rowspan="2"|Sound represented
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڟ</span>
! rowspan="2"|Latin equivalent
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڟ</span>
! rowspan="2"|Remarks
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڟـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڟـ</span>
|/ɖ/
|dh
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.<!-- Properly used for initial, post-consonantal, and geminated /ɖ/ (which is not replaced with /r/ in any dialect).-->
|-
|cayn<br>عين
| cayn<br>عين
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـعـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">عـ</span>
|/ʕ/
| c
|
|-
|-
! Arabized !! Traditional (adjective)
|ghayn<br>غين
| ɣayn<br>غين
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span>
|/ɣ/ (Arabic); [ɣ] (weak allophone of /ɡ/)
|q; gh (Af Maay)
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used for the [ɣ] allophone of ''g'', especially in Af Maay.
|-
|-
| فتحة<br>fatxah
|faaʾ<br>فاء
| كرڟبن<br>kordhaban
| fa'<br>فأ
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
| /a/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
| a
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|/f/
|f
|  
|  
|-
|-
| <br>
|vaaʾ<br>ڤاء
| <br>
| va'<br>ڤأ
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٖ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
| /e/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
| e
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|  
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|/v/
|v (foreign)
| Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with <i>faa'</i>).
|-
|-
| كسرة<br>kasrah
|qaaf<br>قاف
| هوسڟبن<br>hoosdhaban
| qaaf<br>قاف
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ق</span>
| /i/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـق</span>
| i
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span>
|/q/; /ɠ~ʛ/ (Af Maay)
|q
|
|
|-
|-
|
|kaaf<br>كاف
|
| kaaf<br>كاف
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ك</span>
| /o/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـك</span>
| o
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـكـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">كـ</span>
|/k/
|k
|  
|-
|-
| ضمة<br>ḍammah
|gaaf<br>ڭاف
| ڭدن<br>godan
| gaaf<br>ڭاف
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڭ‎</span>
| /u/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڭ‎</span>
| u
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڭـ</span>
|
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڭـ</span>
|/ɡ/
|g
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.
<!--
|-
|-
|gaaf<br>ڬاف
| gaaf<br>ڬاف
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڬ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڬ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڬـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڬـ</span>
|/ɡ/
|g
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.-->
|-
|-
| <br>
|laam<br>لام
| <br>
| laam<br>لام
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌٘</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ل</span>
| /ə(ʰ)/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـل</span>
| y (Af Maay)
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـلـ</span>
| Used in Af Maay.
|<span style="font-size:160%;">لـ</span>
|/l/
|l
|
|-
|-
| مدة<br>maddah
|miim<br>ميم
| مدن<br>madan
| miim<br>ميم
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٓ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">م</span>
| (aː)
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـم</span>
| (aa)
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـمـ</span>
| Only used on ''alif'' to represent the long vowel [aː].
|<span style="font-size:160%;">مـ</span>
|/m/
|m, -n
| Often represents /n/ when unvowelled word-finally.
|-
|-
| سكون<br>sukuun
|ngiim<br>ݦيم
| ريبن<br>reebban
| ngiim<br>ݦيم
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ْ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݦ</span>
| colspan="2"| (absence of vowel)
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݦ</span>
| Used to show that a consonant is not followed by a vowel. It is also used on the second element of diphthongs, and optionally on the long vowel letter of long vowels.
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݦـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݦـ</span>
|/ŋ/
|ng
| Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal ''-n'' in Af Maxaa. Can instead be written with ''nuun''.
|-
|-
| شدة<br>shaddah
|nuun<br>نون
| شدن<br>shadan
| nuun<br>نون
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ّ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ن</span>
| colspan="2"| (geminated consonant)
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـن</span>
| Used to show that a consonant is geminated.
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـنـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">نـ</span>
|/n/
|n
|
|-
|-
| <!--الف خنجرية<br>‘alif khanjariyyah-->
|nyuun<br>ݧون
| <br>
| nyuun<br>ݧون
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٰ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݧ</span>
| /aː/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݧ</span>
| aa
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـݧـ</span>
| Used for /aː/ in a few words as an alternative to ـَا.
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݧـ</span>
|/ɲ/
|ny (also written "y‘" in Af Maay)
| Mainly used in Af Maay. It can also be used in Af Maxaa, but it is usually replaced with ''y'' or else written as ''ny''.
|-
|-
| فتحتين\فتحة تنوين<br>fatxatayn/fatxah tanwiin
|waaw<br>واو
| لب كرڟبن<br>laba kordhaban
| woow<br>وو
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ً</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">و</span>
| /an/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـو</span>
| an
|
| rowspan="3"| In Arabic phrases only.
|
|/w/<Br>/ɞ: ~ ɔ:/, /ʉ: ~ u:/
|w<br>oo, uu
|The letter ''waaw'' serves three functions. Firstly, is as a consonant, with a sound /w/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /oː/ and /uː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for ''hamzah''.
|-
|-
| كسرتين\كسرة تنوين<br>kasratayn/kasrah tanwiin
|haa'<br>هاء
| لب هوسڟبن<br>laba hoosdhaban
| ha'<br>هأ
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٍ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ه<br>ة</span>
| /in/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـه<br>ـة</span>
| in
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـهـ<br></span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">هـ<br></span>
|/h/
|h
| <i>Haa'</i> is also used silently at the end of nouns ending in /e/, /o/, (in Af Maay) /ə/. Such a silent <i>haa'</i> may be replaced with ''taa' marbuuṭah'' (ـَة، ة) in some words (generally feminine words and/or words that end in it in Arabic).
|-
|-
| ضمتين\ضمة تنوين<br>ḍammatayn/ḍammah tanwiin
|yaa'<br>ياء
| لب ڭدن<br>laba godan
| ya'<br>يأ
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٌ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ي</span>
| /un/
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـي</span>
| un
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـيـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">يـ</span>
|/j/<Br>/eː ~ ɛ:/, /i: ~ ɪ:/
| y<br>ee, ii
| The letter <i>yaa'</i> serves three functions. Firstly, it is used as a consonant, with a sound /j/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /eː/ and /iː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for ''hamzah''. It can also be used silently at the ends of words ending in ''-e'' as an alternative to <i>haa'</i>.
|-
|-
|hamzah<br>همزة
| hamse/firgin<br>همزه\فرڭن
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ء<br>أ<br>ؤ<br>ئ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;"><br>ـأ<br>ـؤ<br>ـئ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;"><br><br><br>ـئـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;"><br><br><br>ئـ</span>
|/ʔ/
| ’
| It may be written on its own (ء) or with a carrier (أ، ؤ، ئ) depending on the environment.
|}
|}


Long vowels are written as the short vowel followed by the corresponding long vowel letter.
===Diacritics===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|+Diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
! colspan="2"| Name
|-dir="rtl"
! rowspan="2"| Diacritic
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
! rowspan="2"|Sound represented
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
! rowspan="2"|Latin equivalent
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
! rowspan="2"|Remarks
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Diphthongs in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! aw || ay || ey || ow || oy || aaw || aay || eey || oow || ooy
! Arabized !! Traditional (adjective)
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَاوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَايْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗويْ</span>
<!--
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
-->
|}
 
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). This ''alif'' actually has a ''hamzah'' on it; however, this ''hamzah'' is often left unwritten. However, /(ʔ)aː/ is written with ''maddah'' on ''alif'' (آ). <!--Long vowels are written as they would be in the middle of the word, except that ''waaw'' (و), and <i>yaa'</i> (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif maddah]]'' (آ) is used.-->
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowels at the beginning of words in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
|-
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
| فتحة<br>fatxah
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
| كرڟبن<br>kordhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
| /a/
| a
|  
|-
|-
! a || e || i || o || u || aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
| <br>
|-dir="rtl"
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٖ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖ</span>
| /e/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
| e
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
|
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
|-
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
| كسرة<br>kasrah
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖي</span>
| هوسڟبن<br>hoosdhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗو</span>
| /i/
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُو</span>
| i
|}
|
<!--
|-
Like in Arabic, ''sukūn'' (◌ْ) and ''shaddah'' (◌ّ) are used to indicate an unvowelled consonant and a geminate consonant respectively. They can also be used on the consonant letter of long vowels; however, they are more often dropped.-->
|
===Adapted for other languages===
|
====Oromo====
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
Similar to Somali, but with the following changes:
| /o/
*ڀ for /pʼ/.
| o
*ڇ or ڃ for /tʃʼ/.
|
*ط for /tʼ/ in native Oromo words.
|-
*ڠ‎ for /ɡ/ instead of ڭ‎ (though ڭ‎ can alternatively be used).
| ضمة<br>ḍammah
*ق for /kʼ/ in native Oromo words.
| ڭدن<br>godan
*There is no ݦ.
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
<!--
| /u/
====Afar====
| u
Similar to Somali.
|
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌٘</span>
| /ə(ʰ)/
| y (Af Maay)
| Used in Af Maay.
|-
| مدة<br>maddah
| مدن<br>madan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٓ</span>
| (aː)
| (aa)
| Only used on ''alif'' to represent the long vowel [aː].
|-
| سكون<br>sukuun
| ريبن<br>reebban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ْ</span>
| colspan="2"| (absence of vowel)
| Used to show that a consonant is not followed by a vowel. It is also used on the second element of diphthongs, and optionally on the long vowel letter of long vowels.
|-
| شدة<br>shaddah
| شدن<br>shadan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ّ</span>
| colspan="2"| (geminated consonant)
| Used to show that a consonant is geminated.
|-
| <!--الف خنجرية<br>‘alif khanjariyyah-->
| <br>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٰ</span>
| /aː/
| aa
| Used for /aː/ in a few words as an alternative to ـَا.
|-
| فتحتين\فتحة تنوين<br>fatxatayn/fatxah tanwiin
| لب كرڟبن<br>laba kordhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ً</span>
| /an/
| an
| rowspan="3"| In Arabic phrases only.
|-
| كسرتين\كسرة تنوين<br>kasratayn/kasrah tanwiin
| لب هوسڟبن<br>laba hoosdhaban
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٍ</span>
| /in/
| in
|-
| ضمتين\ضمة تنوين<br>ḍammatayn/ḍammah tanwiin
| لب ڭدن<br>laba godan
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٌ</span>
| /un/
| un
|-
|}
 
Long vowels are written as the short vowel followed by the corresponding long vowel letter.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Diphthongs in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! aw || ay || ey || ow || oy || aaw || aay || eey || oow || ooy
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗيْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَاوْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَايْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖيّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗوّْ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗويْ</span>
<!--
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
-->
-->
====Amharic and Tigrigna====
Similar to Oromo, with the following changes:
*پ is exclusively used for /p/.
** /β/ is represented identically to /v/: ڤ.
*ژ for /ʒ/.
*ڞ for /(t)sʼ/.
*There is no ڟ. <!--Alternatively, it can be used for /tʃʼ/ instead of ڇ or ڃ.-->
*څ for /xʼ/ (exclusive to Tigrigna).
*Vowels:
**/e/ and /o/ are written as Somali /eː/ and /oː/ respectively.
**/ə/ is written as Somali /a/.
**/a/ is written as Somali /aː/ (though it may be written as /a/ after guttural consonants).
**/i/ and /u/ are written as Somali /i(ː)/ and /u(ː)/ respectively. They are most often written as the long variants except in Arabic loanwords.
**/ɨ/ is written as Af Maay /ə/.
**Labialized consonants are written either as a combination of consinant plus /w/, or with a ''ḍammah'' as follows (with /kʷ/ as an example):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Representation of labialized consonants
|-
! kʷə || kʷi || kʷa || kʷe || kʷ(ɨ)
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُ</span>
|}
|}
 
 
====Additional letters for other languages spoken in Ethiopia====
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). This ''alif'' actually has a ''hamzah'' on it; however, this ''hamzah'' is often left unwritten. However, /(ʔ)aː/ is written with ''maddah'' on ''alif'' (آ). <!--Long vowels are written as they would be in the middle of the word, except that ''waaw'' (و), and <i>yaa'</i> (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif maddah]]'' (آ) is used.-->
When needed, the following additional letters are used:
 
*ݝ for /ŋ/.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
*ڮ‎ for /kʼ/ when distinguished from /q/.
|+Vowels at the beginning of words in the Somali Arabic Alphabet
*Gurage palatalized velars:<!-- are represented with ۦ (small <i>yaa'</i>) under the letter.-->
|-
**ك࣮ for /kʲ/.
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
**عٔ for /ɡʲ/.
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
**ٯٔ for /kʲʼ/.
|-
**حٔ for /xʲ/.
! a || e || i || o || u || aa || ee || ii || oo || uu
*Retroflex:
|-dir="rtl"
**ٿ for /ʈʂ/.
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
**ڟ for /ʈʂʼ/ (instead of /ɖ/).
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖ</span>
**ݜ for /ʂ/.
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
**ڙ for /ʐ/.
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
*Implosives:
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
**ڀ for /ɓ/ (instead of /ɠ/).
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
**ڎ for /ɗ/.
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُو</span>
|}
<!--
Like in Arabic, ''sukūn'' (◌ْ) and ''shaddah'' (◌ّ) are used to indicate an unvowelled consonant and a geminate consonant respectively. They can also be used on the consonant letter of long vowels; however, they are more often dropped.-->
===Adapted for other languages===
====Oromo====
Similar to Somali, but with the following changes:
*ڀ for /pʼ/.
*ڇ or ڃ for /tʃʼ/.
*ط for /tʼ/ in native Oromo words.
*ڠ‎ for /ɡ/ instead of ڭ‎ (though ڭ‎ can alternatively be used).
*ق for /kʼ/ in native Oromo words.
*There is no ݦ.
<!--
====Afar====
Similar to Somali.
-->
====Amharic and Tigrigna====
Similar to Oromo, with the following changes:
*پ is exclusively used for /p/.
** /β/ is represented identically to /v/: ڤ.
*ژ for /ʒ/.
*ڞ for /(t)sʼ/.
*There is no ڟ. <!--Alternatively, it can be used for /tʃʼ/ instead of ڇ or ڃ.-->
*څ for /xʼ/ (exclusive to Tigrigna).
*Vowels:
**/e/ and /o/ are written as Somali /eː/ and /oː/ respectively.
**/ə/ is written as Somali /a/.
**/a/ is written as Somali /aː/ (though it may be written as /a/ after guttural consonants).
**/i/ and /u/ are written as Somali /i(ː)/ and /u(ː)/ respectively. They are most often written as the long variants except in Arabic loanwords.
**/ɨ/ is written as Af Maay /ə/.
**Labialized consonants are written either as a combination of consinant plus /w/, or with a ''ḍammah'' as follows (with /kʷ/ as an example):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Representation of labialized consonants
|-
! kʷə || kʷi || kʷa || kʷe || kʷ(ɨ)
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كَُا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُٖي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">كُ</span>
|}
 
====Additional letters for other languages spoken in Ethiopia====
When needed, the following additional letters are used:
*ݝ for /ŋ/.
*ڮ‎ for /kʼ/ when distinguished from /q/.
*Gurage palatalized velars:<!-- are represented with ۦ (small <i>yaa'</i>) under the letter.-->
**ك࣮ for /kʲ/.
**عٔ for /ɡʲ/.
**ٯٔ for /kʲʼ/.
**حٔ for /xʲ/.
*Retroflex:
**ٿ for /ʈʂ/.
**ڟ for /ʈʂʼ/ (instead of /ɖ/).
**ݜ for /ʂ/.
**ڙ for /ʐ/.
*Implosives:
**ڀ for /ɓ/ (instead of /pʼ/).
**ڎ for /ɗ/.
 
==Deslavic==
Basically, a Slavic language that lost all (or most) distinctive Slavic features.
 
Note: It's not that these features did not develop, but rather they did develop and then were lost.
====Phonology====
*Palatalization:
**Palatalized consonants are lost, either merging with their plain counterparts or become a different consonant altogether.
**When a root would have alterations between palatalized and non-palatalized consonants, one of these variants is selected and extended to all forms.
*Voiced fricatives are devoiced.
*Maximum syllable structure is CVC.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"}
|+ Fate of consonants
|-
! Proto-Slavic !! Unpalatalized !! Palatalized
|-
| m || m || m
|-
| p || p || p
|-
| b || w || w
|-
| v || f || f
|-
| n || n || n
|-
| t || t || s
|-
| d || l || s
|-
| c || s || s
|-
| dz || s || s
|-
| s || s || s
|-
| z || s || s
|-
| r || r || r
|-
| l || w || l
|-
| ň || — || y
|-
| ť || — || k
|-
| ď || — || y
|-
| č || — || s
|-
| šč || — || s
|-
| ždž || — || s
|-
| š || — || s
|-
| ś || s || s
|-
| ž || — || s
|-
| ř || — || r
|-
| ľ || — || y
|-
| j || — || y
|-
| k || k || —
|-
| g || h || —
|-
| x || h || —
|}
 
====Swadesh list====
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! Deslavic
|-
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || ya
|-
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || ti
|-
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || un
|-
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || mi
|-
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] ||  fi
|-
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || ni
|-
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || se, uf
|-
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || tun
|-
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || sim
|-
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || tam
|-
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || kit
|-
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || sit
|-
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || kis
|-
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || kuhul
|-
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || yak
|-
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
|-
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || fis
|-
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || munuh
|-
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || 
|-
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || mawk
|-
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || yin
|-
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || yisin
|-
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || lif
|-
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tiri
|-
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || sitir
|-
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || pes
|-
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || filik
|-
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || luf
|-
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || suruk
|-
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || tilis 
|-
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] || sesek
|-
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || maw
|-
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || kurtuk
|-
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || usuk 
|-
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] || sinik
|-
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || sen
|-
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || mus
|-
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || soofek
|-
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || ses
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || sen
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || mus
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || mas 
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || wak 
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || sefer 
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || ruu
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || pisis
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || pis
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] || fis
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || us
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || sirif
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || leref
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || les 
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] || peles
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || ufuk
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || sem
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || lis
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] || kirin
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || kur
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] || kefet
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || taraf
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] || fus
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] || kurup
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || mes
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || kirif
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] || kus
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] || salu
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] ||  yays
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] || ruh
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] || hufus
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] || per
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || fulus
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || huluf
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || uh
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || uk
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || nus
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] || us
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || suu
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || 
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] || nuhus 
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] || nuh
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] || nuh
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] || kelen
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] || ruk
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] || kirilu
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] || wuruh
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] || urtuu
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] || kirik
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] || hirwit
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] || piris 
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] || sillis
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] || eter
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || pis
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || yes
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] || kus 
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] || sis 
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || pifas
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || wifas
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] || dohos
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] || 
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] || 
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || 
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || 
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || 
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] || 
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || 
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] || 
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || 
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || 
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] || 
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] || 
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] || 
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || 
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] || 
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] || 
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] || 
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] || 
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] || 
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] || 
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] || 
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] || 
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] || 
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] || 
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] || 
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] || 
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || 
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] || 
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] || 
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] || 
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] || 
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] || 
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] || 
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] || 
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] || 
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] || 
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] || 
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] || 
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] || 
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] || 
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] || 
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] || 
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] || 
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] || 
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] || 
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] || 
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || 
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || 
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] || 
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || 
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] || 
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || 
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || 
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || 
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] || 
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] || 
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] || 
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || 
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] || 
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] || 
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || 
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || 
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] || 
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] || 
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || 
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] || 
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] || 
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] || 
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || 
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] || 
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]]
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] || 
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || 
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || 
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || 
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || 
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] || 
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || 
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || 
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || 
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || 
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || 
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || 
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] || 
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || 
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || 
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || 
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || 
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || 
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || 
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || 
|-
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || 
|-
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || 
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] || 
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || 
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || 
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || 
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || 
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || 
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || 
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || 
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || 
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] || 
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || 
|}
 
==Germanicized Balto-Slavic==
From Proto-Balto-Slavic
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"}
|+ Fate of phonemes
|-
! Proto-Balto-Slavic !! Germano-Balto-Slavic
|-
| m || m
|-
| p || f, b
|-
| b || p
|-
| w || w
|-
| n || n
|-
| t || þ, d
|-
| d || t
|-
| s || s, z
|-
| z || z
|-
| r || r
|-
| l || l
|-
| ś || s, z
|-
| š || s, z
|-
| ź || z
|-
| j || j
|-
| k || h, g
|-
| g || k
|-
|}
 
====Swadesh list====
{| class="wikitable"
! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! Proto-Germano-Balto-Slavic
|-
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || *ēzų
|-
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || *þū
|-
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || *iz; *anaz
|-
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || *mez, *miz
|-
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || *jūz, *juz
|-
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || *īz
|-
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || *siz
|-
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || *þaz; *anaz
|-
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || *sī
|-
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || *þut
|-
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || *haz
|-
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || *hą
|-
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || *hut
|-
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || *hatō
|-
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || *hōhaz
|-
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || ne
|-
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || *wisaz
|-
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || *manakaz
|-
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || *hiliz
|-
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] ||
|-
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] ||
|-
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || *ainaz
|-
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || *twō
|-
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || *þrīz
|-
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || *heduriz
|-
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || *finh
|-
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] ||
|-
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || *tilkaz
|-
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || *fladuz
|-
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || *stōraz
|-
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] || *þinguz
|-
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || *smalaz
|-
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || *kartuz
|-
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || *anguz
|-
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] || *þinnaz
|-
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || *kenō
|-
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || *wīraz
|-
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || *zumô
|-
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || *tēdiz; *waigaz
|-
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || *kenō
|-
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || *mankijaz
|-
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || *mōþê (*mōþer-)
|-
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || *þewaz
|-
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || *dwēriz
|-
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] ||*gūz (*guw-)
|-
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || *fudō
|-
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || *hwô (*hun-)
|-
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] ||
|-
| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || *ankiz
|-
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || *hirmiz
|-
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || *terwą
|-
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || *lēsuz
|-
| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] || *haugaz
|-
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] ||
|-
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || *sēmį
|-
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || *lafaz
|-
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] || *harô
|-
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || *harō
|-
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] || *hwaidaz
|-
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || *þrōwō
|-
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] || *wirwiz
|-
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] || *ōtō
|-
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || *minzō
|-
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || *hrawją
|-
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] || *haulaz
|-
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] || *þaugaz
|-
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || *ōjją
|-
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] || *rakaz
|-
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||
|-
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] || *flunhsnō
|-
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||
|-
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || *kalwō
|-
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || *ausiz
|-
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] ||
|-
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] ||
|-
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||
|-
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || *tandiz; *gampaz
|-
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || *inzūz
|-
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||
|-
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] || *fēdō
|-
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] ||
|-
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] ||
|-
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] || *ranhō
|-
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] || *sparnaz
|-
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] || *indrą
|-
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] || *wēterō
|-
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||
|-
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||
|-
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] || *firsiz
|-
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] || *sirtiz
|-
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] || *jahnō
|-
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] ||
|-
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || *ēstī
|-
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] || *kanstī
|-
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] ||
|-
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || *speuþī
|-
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] ||
|-
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] || *wēþī
|-
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] || *gūzōþī
|-
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] || smijēþī
|-
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || *wītēþī
|-
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || *hlauziþī 
|-
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || *dunōþī 
|-
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] || *minēþī
|-
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || *ōstī
|-
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] || *bōþī 
|-
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || 
|-
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || 
|-
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] || 
|-
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] || 
|-
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] || 
|-
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || 
|-
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] || 
|-
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] || 
|-
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] || 
|-
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]]
|-
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] || 
|-
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] || 
|-
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] || 
|-
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] || 
|-
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] || 
|-
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] || 
|-
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] || 
|-
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] || 
|-
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] || 
|-
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || 
|-
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] || 
|-
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] || 
|-
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] || 
|-
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] || 
|-
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] || 
|-
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] || 
|-
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] || 
|-
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] || 
|-
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] || 
|-
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] || 
|-
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] || 
|-
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] || 
|-
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] || 
|-
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] || 
|-
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] || 
|-
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] || 
|-
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] || 
|-
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] || 
|-
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] || 
|-
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]]
|-
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || *saulijō; *sulliz
|-
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || *mēnô
|-
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] || *kwaistō
|-
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || *wantô 
|-
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]]
|-
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] || *afō
|-
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || *ezerą
|-
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || *mari
|-
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || 
|-
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] || *ahmô
|-
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] || 
|-
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] || 
|-
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || *demê
|-
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] || *nepaz
|-
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] || *miklō
|-
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||
|-
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||  *wēþrō
|-
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] || *snaikaz
|-
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] || *letuz
|-
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || *tūmaz 
|-
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] || *unkniz
|-
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]]
|-
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|to burn]] || *tihtī
|-
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] || *fanþiz
|-
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || 
|-
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] || *rautaz
|-
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] || *diliz
|-
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] || *kilþaz
|-
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || *palþaz 
|-
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || 
|-
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || *nahtiz
|-
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || *tīnaz
|-
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]]
|-
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] || 
|-
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || 
|-
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || *fillaz
|-
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || *nawjaz
|-
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || *senaz
|-
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || 
|-
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || 
|-
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] || 
|-
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || 
|-
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || 
|-
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || 
|-
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || *agraz 
|-
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || 
|-
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || *klōtuz
|-
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || 
|-
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || *sauzaz
|-
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || 
|-
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] || 
|-
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || 
|-
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || *tisinaz
|-
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || *laiwaz
|-
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || *frī
|-
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || *in
|-
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || *hun
|-
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || *ō; *ir; *ī
|-
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || 
|-
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] || 
|-
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || *immį
|}
==Spanish-sounding Slavic==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Slavic languages
|-
! rowspan="2" | Translation
! rowspan="2" | Late [[Proto-Slavic]]
! rowspan="2" | class
! colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]
! colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
! colspan="2" | [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Czech language|Czech]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Polish language|Polish]]
! colspan="2" | [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
! colspan="2" | [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
! colspan="3" | Spanish-sounding Slavic
|-
! [[Russian orthography|''Cyrillic'']] || ''Latin''
! [[Ukrainian alphabet|''Cyrillic'']] || ''Latin''
! [[Bulgarian alphabet|''Cyrillic'']] || ''Latin''
! ''standard''<br>([[Shtokavian dialect|Shtokavian]]) || ''[[Chakavian dialect|Chakavian]]''
! [[Macedonian alphabet|''Cyrillic'']] || ''Latin''
! Slavicky Latin || Spanishy Latin || Cyrillic
|-
! I
|*(j)azъ, (j)ā<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| я || ja <!--Russian-->
| я || ja <!--Ukrainian-->
| аз/я(dial.) || az/ja(dial.)<!--Bulgarian-->
| já <!--Czech-->
| ja <!--Slovak-->
| ja <!--Polish-->
| jȃ || jå̃ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| jàz <!--Slovenian-->
| јас || jas <!--Macedonian-->
| ja || ya
|-
! you (singular)
|*ty<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| ты || ty <!--Russian-->
| ти || ty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ти || ti <!--Bulgarian-->
| ty <!--Czech-->
| ty <!--Slovak-->
| ty <!--Polish-->
| tȋ || tĩ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| tȋ <!--Slovenian-->
| ти || ti <!--Macedonian-->
| ti || ti
|-
! he, she, it
|*onъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| он, она, оно || on, oná, onó <!--Russian-->
| він, вона, воно || vin, voná, vonó <!--Ukrainian-->
| той, тя, то|| toj, tya, to<!--Bulgarian-->
| colspan=3|on, ona, ono <!--Czech, Slovak, Polish -->
| ȍn/ȏn, òna, òno || õn, onȁ, onȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| òn, óna, onọ̑/óno <!--Slovenian-->
| тој/оној || toj/onoj <!--Macedonian-->
| on, ona, ono || on, ona, ono
|-
! we
|*my<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| мы || my <!--Russian-->
| ми || my <!--Ukrainian-->
| ни́е || níe <!--Bulgarian-->
| my <!--Czech-->
| my <!--Slovak-->
| my <!--Polish-->
| mȋ || mĩ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mȋ <!--Slovenian-->
| ние || nie <!--Macedonian-->
| mi || mi
|-
! you (plural)
|*vy<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| вы || vy <!--Russian-->
| ви || vy <!--Ukrainian-->
| ви́е || víe <!--Bulgarian-->
| vy <!--Czech-->
| vy <!--Slovak-->
| wy<!--Polish-->
| vȋ || vĩ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vȋ <!--Slovenian-->
| вие || vie <!--Macedonian-->
| vi || vi
|-
! they
|*oni, *ony, *ona<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| они́ || on'í <!--Russian-->
| вони́ || vony <!--Ukrainian-->
| те || te <!--Bulgarian-->
| oni, ony, ona <!--Czech-->
| oni, ony, ona <!--Slovak-->
| oni, one <!--Polish-->
| oni, one, ona || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| oni, one, ona <!--Slovenian-->
| тие/оние || tie/onie <!--Macedonian-->
| oni
|-
! this, that
|*tъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| то || tot, ta, to <!--Russian-->
| той, та, то || toj, ta, to <!--Ukrainian-->
| (това́) || (tová) <!--Bulgarian-->
| ten, ta, to <!--Czech-->
| ten, tá, to <!--Slovak-->
| ten, ta, to <!--Polish-->
| tȃj, tȃ, tȏ || tȁ, tȃ, tȏ/tȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| tȃ, tȃ, tọ̑ <!--Slovenian-->
| ова/она || ova/ona <!--Macedonian-->
| to, ta, to
|-
! here
|*sьde, *tu <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| здесь, тут || zd'es', tut <!--Russian-->
| тут || tut <!--Ukrainan-->
| тук, тука || tuk, tuka <!--Bulgarian-->
| zde, tu <!--Czech-->
| tu <!--Slovak-->
| tu, tutaj <!--Polish-->
| tu || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| tù, túkaj, zde <!--Slovenian-->
| овде, тука || ovde, tuka <!--Macedonian-->
| tu
|-
! there
|*tamъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| там || tam <!--Russian-->
| там || tam <!--Ukrainan-->
| там || tam <!--Bulgarian-->
| tam <!--Czech-->
| tam <!--Slovak-->
| tam <!--Polish-->
| tamo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| tam <!--Slovenian-->
| таму || tamu <!--Macedonian-->
| tamo
|-
! who
|*kъto<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| кто || kto <!--Russian-->
| хто || khto <!--Ukrainian-->
| ((кой)) || ((koi)) <!--Bulgarian-->
| kdo <!--Czech-->
| kto <!--Slovak-->
| kto <!--Polish-->
| (t)kȍ; ki || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kdọ́ <!--Slovenian-->
| кој || koj <!--Macedonian-->
| ko || co
|-
! what
|*čьto, *čь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| что || čto /što/ <!--Russian-->
| що || ščo <!--Ukrainian-->
| що (dial.) || shto <!--Bulgarian-->
| co <!--Czech-->
| čo <!--Slovak-->
| co <!--Polish-->
| štȍ/šta || (Vrg.) ča (<*čь) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kaj <!--Slovenian-->
| што || što <!--Macedonian-->
| čo || cho
|-
! where
|*kъde<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| где || gd'e <!--Russian-->
| де || de <!--Ukrainian-->
| къде || kəde <!--Bulgarian-->
| kde <!--Czech-->
| kde <!--Slovak-->
| gdzie <!--Polish-->
| gd(j)ȅ || kadȅ (Orb.) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kjẹ́ <!--Slovenian-->
| каде || kade <!--Macedonian-->
| kedé || quedé
|-
! when
|*kogъda; *kogъdy<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adv./conj.
| когда́ || kogdá <!--Russian-->
| коли́ || kolý <!--Ukrainian-->
| кога́ || kogá <!--Bulgarian-->
| (kdy); OCz. kehdy <!--Czech-->
| kedy <!--Slovak-->
| kiedy, gdy <!--Polish-->
| kàda || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kdáj <!--Slovenian-->
| кога || koga <!--Macedonian-->
| koda
|-
! how; what (kind of)
| kakъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adv.; prn.
| как || kak; kakój <!--Russian-->
| як || jak <!--Ukrainian-->
| как, какъв|| kak, kakɤv <!--Bulgarian-->
| (jak) (OCz. jaký) <!--Czech-->
| ako (OSk. aký) <!--Slovak-->
| (jak), jaki/jaka/jakie (arch. jako, jakowy/jakowa/jakowe) <!--Polish-->
| kàko, kakav/kakva/kakvo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kakọ̑, kakšen/kakšna/kakšno <!--Slovenian-->
| како, каков/каква/какво || kako, kakov/kakva/kakvo <!--Macedonian-->
| kako || caco
|-
! not
|*ne<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adv.
| не || ne <!--Russian-->
| ні || ni <!--Ukrainian-->
| не || ne <!--Bulgarian-->
| ne <!--Czech-->
| nie <!--Slovak-->
| nie <!--Polish-->
| ne || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nè <!--Slovenian-->
| не || ne <!--Macedonian-->
| ne
|-
! all
|*vьśь, *vьśja, vьśe<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn.
| весь, вся, всё || v'es', vs'a, vs'o <!--Russian-->
| весь, вся, вcе || ves', vsja, vse <!--Ukrainian-->
| (вси́чки)/вси || (vsíčki)/vsi <!--Bulgarian-->
| (všichni); OCz. veš, všě, vše <!--Czech-->
| (všetci); OSk. vše <!--Slovak-->
| (wszyscy); OPl. wszy, wsza, wsze <!--Polish-->
| sȁv, svȁ, svȅ || svȁs, svȁ, svȅ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vǝ̀s, vsà, vsè <!--Slovenian-->
| се/сето || se/seto <!--Macedonian-->
| vese, vesa, vese
|-
! many
|*mъnogъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| мно́гий || mnógij <!--Russian-->
| бага́то || baháto <!--Ukrainian-->
| мно́го || mnógo (adv.) <!--Bulgarian-->
| mnohý <!--Czech-->
| mnohí <!--Slovak-->
| mnogi <!--Polish-->
| mnȍgī || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mnọ̑gi <!--Slovenian-->
| многу || mnogu <!--Macedonian-->
| menogo || menogo
|-
! some
|*ne + *koliko<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| не́сколько || n'éskol'ko <!--Russian-->
| де́кілька || dékil'ka <!--Ukrainian-->
| ня́колко || njákolko <!--Bulgarian-->
| několik <!--Czech-->
| niekoľko <!--Slovak-->
| kilka <!--Polish-->
| nekoliko || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nekọ̑liko, nẹ́kaj <!--Slovenian-->
| неколку || nekolku<!--Macedonian-->
| nekolko
|-
! few
|*malъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ма́ло || málo <!--Russian-->
| ма́ло || málo <!--Ukrainian-->
| ма́лко || málko <!--Bulgarian-->
| málo <!--Czech-->
| málo <!--Slovak-->
| mało <!--Polish-->
| malo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| malo <!--Slovenian-->
| малку || malku <!--Macedonian-->
| malo
|-
! other/second
|*drȗgъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (c)
| друго́й || drugój <!--Russian-->
| дру́гий || drúhyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| друг (today -"other") || drug <!--Bulgarian-->
| druhý <!--Czech-->
| druhý <!--Slovak-->
| drugi, (arch.. wtóry) <!--Polish-->
| drȗg || drȕgī <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| drȗgi <!--Slovenian-->
| друг (today -"other") || drug <!--Macedonian-->
| drugo || drugo
|-
! other
|*jь̀nь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prn. (a)
| ино́й || inój <!--Russian-->
| і́нший || ínšyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| инак || inak<!--Bulgarian-->
| jiný <!--Czech-->
| iný, inakší <!--Slovak-->
| inny <!--Polish-->
| drugi/ini || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| drȗg <!--Slovenian-->
| инаку || inaku<!--Macedonian-->
| ino
|-
! one
|*(j)edìnъ, *(j)edьnъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| num. o
| оди́н, одна́ || od'ín, odná <!--Russian-->
| оди́н || odýn <!--Ukrainian-->
| еди́н || edín <!--Bulgarian-->
| jeden <!--Czech-->
| jeden, jedna <!--Slovak-->
| jeden <!--Polish-->
| jèdan, jȅdna || jedå̃n, jednȁ, jednȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| eden, en, ena, eno <!--Slovenian-->
| еден || eden<!--Macedonian-->
| eden (en), édena (ena)
|-
! two
|*d(ъ)va<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| num.
| два || dva, dve, dva <!--Russian-->
| два || dva <!--Ukrainian-->
| двa || dva <!--Bulgarian-->
| dva, dvě, dvě <!--Czech-->
| dva, dve <!--Slovak-->
| dwa, dwie, dwa <!--Polish-->
| dvȃ, dv(ȉj)e, dvȃ || dvå̑, dvȋ, dvå̑ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dvȃ, dvẹ́, dvȃ <!--Slovenian-->
| два || dva <!--Macedonian-->
| dva, dve
|-
! three
|*trьje, *tri<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| num.
| три || tr'i <!--Russian-->
| три || try <!--Ukrainian-->
| три || tri <!--Bulgarian-->
| tři <!--Czech-->
| tri <!--Slovak-->
| trzy <!--Polish-->
| trȋ || trȋ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| trȋje, trȋ, trȋ <!--Slovenian-->
| три || tri <!--Macedonian-->
| tri
|-
! four
|*četỳre<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| num. (a)
| четы́ре || č'etýr'e <!--Russian-->
| чоти́ри || čotýry <!--Ukrainian-->
| че́ти́ри || čétíri <!--Bulgarian-->
| čtyři <!--Czech-->
| štyri <!--Slovak-->
| cztery <!--Polish-->
| čètiri || četȉri <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| štirje, štiri, štiri <!--Slovenian-->
| четири || četiri <!--Macedonian-->
| četire
|-
! five
| pę̑tь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| num. i (c)
| пять || p'at' <!--Russian-->
| п’ять || pjat' <!--Ukrainian-->
| пет || pet <!--Bulgarian-->
| pět <!--Czech-->
| päť <!--Slovak-->
| pięć <!--Polish-->
| pȇt || pȇt <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pẹ̑t <!--Slovenian-->
| пет || pet <!--Macedonian-->
| pete
|-
! big, great
|*velìkъ; velьkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| вели́кий || v'el'ík'ij <!--Russian-->
| вели́кий || velýkyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| ((голям)), вели́к || ((goljam)), velík <!--Bulgarian-->
| velký <!--Czech-->
| veľký <!--Slovak-->
| wielki <!--Polish-->
| vȅlikī, vȅlikā, vȅlikō || vȅlik, velikȁ, velikȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vélik, velíka <!--Slovenian-->
| голем, велики || golem, veliki <!--Macedonian-->
| velke
|-
! small
|*màlъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (a)
| ма́лый || mályj <!--Russian-->
| мали́й || malýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| (ма́лък); мал || (málǝk); mal <!--Bulgarian-->
| malý <!--Czech-->
| malý <!--Slovak-->
| mały <!--Polish-->
| mȁli || må̃lī <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mȃli, majhen <!--Slovenian-->
| малечoк/а/ки/ко, мал, мало/а/и. || malećok/a/ki/ko, mal, malo/a/i <!--Macedonian-->
| male
|-
! long
|*dь̀lgъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (a)
| до́лгий || dólg'ij <!--Russian-->
| до́вгий || dóvhyj<!--Ukrainian-->
| дъ́лъг || dǝ́lǝg <!--Bulgarian-->
| dlouhý <!--Czech-->
| dlhý <!--Slovak-->
| długi <!--Polish-->
| dȕg || dȕg <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dȏļg, dȏļga, dȏļgo <!--Slovenian-->
| долг/долго || dolg/dolgo <!--Macedonian-->
| duege
|-
! short
|*kortъ̀kъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (b)
| коро́ткий || korótk'ij <!--Russian-->
| коро́ткий|| korótkyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| кра́тък || krátǝk <!--Bulgarian-->
| krátký <!--Czech-->
| krátky <!--Slovak-->
| krótki <!--Polish-->
| krátak, krátka || krå̑tak, krå̄tkȁ, krå̑tko;<br />krãtak, krãtka, krãtko <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| krátǝk <!--Slovenian-->
| кратко/а/и, краток || kratko/a/i, kratok <!--Macedonian-->
| krake
|-
! wide
|*širokъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| широ́кий || širók'ij <!--Russian-->
| широ́кий || šyrókyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| широ́к || širók <!--Bulgarian-->
| široký <!--Czech-->
| široký <!--Slovak-->
| szeroki <!--Polish-->
| širok || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| širók <!--Slovenian-->
| широк, широко/а/и || širok, široko/a/i <!--Macedonian-->
| siroke
|-
! narrow
|*ǫzъkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| у́зкий || úzk'ij; úzok, uzká, úzko <!--Russian-->
| вузьки́й || vuz'kýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| у́зък || úzǎk <!--Bulgarian-->
| úzký <!--Czech-->
| úzky <!--Slovak-->
| wąski <!--Polish-->
| ȕzak, ȕska/uskȁ || ȕsak, uskȁ, ȕsko <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ọ́zǝk, ọ́zka <!--Slovenian-->
| тесно/на/ни/ен || tesno/na/ni/en, teško/a/i <!--Macedonian-->
|-
| uske
! thick
|*tъlstъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| то́лстый || tólstyj <!--Russian-->
| товсти́й || towstýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| тлъст || tlǝst <!--Bulgarian-->
| tlustý <!--Czech-->
| tlstý, hrubý <!--Slovak-->
| tłusty <!--Polish-->
| debeli || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| debel, debẹ́l, tọ̑lst <!--Slovenian-->
| дебел, дебело/а/и || debel, debelo/a/i <!--Macedonian-->
| debele
|-
! thin
|*tь̏nъkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (c)
| то́нкий || tónk'ij; tónok, tanká, tónko <!--Russian-->
| тонки́й || tonkýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| т'ънък|| tǝ́nǝk <!--Bulgarian-->
| tenký <!--Czech-->
| tenký <!--Slovak-->
| cienki <!--Polish-->
| tȁnak, tànka/tánka || tȁnak, tankȁ, tȃnko <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| tǝnǝ́k, tǝnkà <!--Slovenian-->
| тенок, тенко/а/и || tenok, tenko/a/i <!--Macedonian-->
| tenke
|-
! heavy
| *tęžъkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| тя́жкий || t'ážkij <!--Russian-->
| тяжки́й || tjažkýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| те́жък || téžǝk <!--Bulgarian-->
| těžký <!--Czech-->
| ťažký <!--Slovak-->
| ciężki <!--Polish-->
| téžak, téška || tȅžak, tēškȁ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| téžǝk téžka, téžko; težȃk <!--Slovenian-->
| тежок, тешко/а/и || težok, teško/a/i <!--Macedonian-->
| tieske
|-
! woman/wife
|*ženà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. ā (b)
| жена́ || ž'ená /žená/ <!--Russian-->
|дружина||družýna <!--Ukrainian-->
| жена́ || žená <!--Bulgarian-->
| žena <!--Czech-->
| žena, manželka <!--Slovak-->
| żona <!--Polish-->
| žèna (acc. žènu), supruga || ženȁ (acc. ženȕ) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| žéna (wife), žẹ́nska (woman) <!--Slovenian-->
| жена|| ženа <!--Macedonian-->
| rena
|-
! husband, man
|*mǫ̑žь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. jo (c)
| муж || muž <!--Russian-->
| муж || muž <!--Ukrainian-->
| мъж || mǝž <!--Bulgarian-->
| muž <!--Czech-->
| muž, manžel <!--Slovak-->
| mąż <!--Polish-->
| || mȗž (mȗža) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mọ̑ž (možȃ) <!--Slovenian-->
| маж || maž <!--Macedonian-->
| mur
|-
! man (''human'')
|*čelověkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. o
| челове́к || č'elov'ék <!--Russian-->
| чоловік || čolovík (husband) <!--Ukrainian-->
| чове́к || čovék <!--Bulgarian-->
| člověk <!--Czech-->
| človek <!--Slovak-->
| człowiek <!--Polish-->
| čòv(j)ek (čòv(j)eka); čȍv(j)ek (čov(j)èka) || čovȉk (čovȉka) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| člóvek (človẹ́ka) <!--Slovenian-->
| човек || čovek <!--Macedonian-->
| čoke
|-
! child
|*dětę<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| дитя́ || d'it'á <!--Russian-->
| дитина || dytýna<!--Ukrainian-->
| дете́ || deté <!--Bulgarian-->
| dítě <!--Czech-->
| dieťa <!--Slovak-->
| dziecko, dziecię <!--Polish-->
| d(ij)ete || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| otrók, dẹ́te <!--Slovenian-->
| дете || dete <!--Macedonian-->
| diete
|-
! mother
| *mati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мать || mat' <!--Russian-->
| мати || máty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ма́йка || májka <!--Bulgarian-->
| matka <!--Czech-->
| matka, mama <!--Slovak-->
| matka (arch. mać) <!--Polish-->
| majka, mater, mati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mati <!--Slovenian-->
| мајка || majka <!--Macedonian-->
| mate
|-
! father
| *otьcь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| оте́ц || ot'éc <!--Russian-->
| батько || bát'ko <!--Ukrainian-->
| оте́ц || otе́c <!--Bulgarian-->
| otec <!--Czech-->
| otec <!--Slovak-->
| ojciec <!--Polish-->
| otac || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| oče <!--Slovenian-->
| татко, отец || tatko, otec <!--Macedonian-->
| oche
|-
! wild animal
|*zvě̑rь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. i (c)
| зверь || zv'er' <!--Russian-->
| звір || zvir <!--Ukrainian-->
| звяр || zvjar <!--Bulgarian-->
| zvěř <!--Czech-->
| zviera, zver <!--Slovak-->
| zwierz, zwierzę <!--Polish-->
| zv(ȉj)er f. (i) || zvȋr (zvȋri) f. (i) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zvẹ̑r (zverȋ) <!--Slovenian-->
| ѕвер || dzver <!--Macedonian-->
| cuvier
|-
! fish
| *ryba<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ры́ба || rýba <!--Russian-->
| риба || rýba <!--Ukrainian-->
| ри́ба || ríba <!--Bulgarian-->
| ryba <!--Czech-->
| ryba <!--Slovak-->
| ryba <!--Polish-->
| riba || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| riba <!--Slovenian-->
| риба || riba <!--Macedonian-->
| riba
|-
! bird
|*pъtica, *pъtъka<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| пти́ца || pt'íca <!--Russian-->
| птах || ptax <!--Ukrainian-->
| пти́ца || ptíca <!--Bulgarian-->
| pták <!--Czech-->
| vták <!--Slovak-->
| ptak <!--Polish-->
| ptica || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ptič, ptica <!--Slovenian-->
| птица || ptica <!--Macedonian-->
| tica
|-
! dog
|*pьsъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| соба́ка, пёс || sobáka, p'os <!--Russian-->
| собака, пес || sobáka, pes<!--Ukrainian-->
| пес, ку́че || pes, kúče <!--Bulgarian-->
| pes <!--Czech-->
| pes <!--Slovak-->
| pies <!--Polish-->
| pas || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pəs <!--Slovenian-->
| куче, пес || kuče, pes <!--Macedonian-->
| pes
|-
! louse
|*vъ̏šь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. i (c)
| вошь || voš' /voš/ (vš'i) <!--Russian-->
| воша || vóša <!--Ukrainian-->
| въ́шка || vǝ́ška <!--Bulgarian-->
| veš <!--Czech-->
| voš <!--Slovak-->
| wesz <!--Polish-->
| vȃš (vȁši); ȗš (ȕši) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ùš (ušȋ); ȗš <!--Slovenian-->
| вошка || voška <!--Macedonian-->
| vos
|-
! snake
|*zmьjà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. iā
| змея́ || zm'ejá <!--Russian-->
| змія || zmijá <!--Ukrainian-->
| змия́ || zmijá <!--Bulgarian-->
| zmije<ref group=table>"adder"</ref> <!--Czech-->
| had, zmija (venomous) <!--Slovak-->
| żmija<ref group=table>"venomous snake, adder"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| zmìja || zmijȁ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kača <!--Slovenian-->
| змија || zmija <!--Macedonian-->
| cemija
|-
! worm
|*čьrvь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| червь || č'erv' <!--Russian-->
| черв'як ||červják <!--Ukrainian-->
| че́рвей || čérvej <!--Bulgarian-->
| červ <!--Czech-->
| červ <!--Slovak-->
| czerw, robak <!--Polish-->
| crv || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| črv <!--Slovenian-->
| црв || crv <!--Macedonian-->
| čero
|-
! tree
|*dervo, *dьrvo<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| де́рево || d'ér'evo <!--Russian-->
| дерево || dérevo <!--Ukrainian-->
| дърво́ || dǝrvó <!--Bulgarian-->
| dřevo <ref group=table>"wood (material). ''Tree'' is ''strom'' instead."</ref> <!--Czech-->
| strom, drevo <ref group=table>"archaic- nowadays used as ''timber''"</ref> <!--Slovak-->
| drzewo <!--Polish-->
| drvo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| drevọ̑ <!--Slovenian-->
| дрво || drvo <!--Macedonian-->
| dero
|-
! forest
|*lěsъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| лес || l'es <!--Russian-->
| ліс || lis<!--Ukrainian-->
| лес || les <!--Bulgarian-->
| les <!--Czech-->
| les, hora <!--Slovak-->
| las <!--Polish-->
| lȇs, lijȇs || <!--Serbo-Croatian-->
| gozd, lẹ́s, šuma, họ̑sta, mẹ́ja <!--Slovenian-->
| шума || šuma <!--Macedonian-->
| lies
|-
! stick
|*palica, *palъka<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| па́лка || pálka <!--Russian-->
| палиця || pályc'a<!--Ukrainian-->
| пáлка || pálka <!--Bulgarian-->
| hůl <!--Czech-->
| palica <!--Slovak-->
| laska / pałka / kij <!--Polish-->
| štap, palica || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| palica <!--Slovenian-->
| палка || palka <!--Macedonian-->
| palka
|-
! fruit
|*plodъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| плод || plod <!--Russian-->
| плід || plid <!--Ukrainian-->
| плод, овошка || plod, ovoška <!--Bulgarian-->
| ovoce (plod) <!--Czech-->
| ovocie <!--Slovak-->
| owoc (płód) <!--Polish-->
| plod || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| plọ̑d <!--Slovenian-->
| плод|| plod <!--Macedonian-->
| plod
|-
! seed
|*sěmę<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| се́мя || s'ém'a <!--Russian-->
| насіння || nasínn'a <!--Ukrainian-->
| се́ме || séme <!--Bulgarian-->
| semeno <!--Czech-->
| semeno, semä (archaic)<!--Slovak-->
| nasiono/nasienie, ziarno, siemię <!--Polish-->
| s(j)eme || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| sẹ́me <!--Slovenian-->
| семе, семенка || seme, semenka <!--Macedonian-->
| sieme
|-
! leaf
|*listъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| лист || l'ist <!--Russian-->
| лист || lyst <!--Ukrainian-->
| листо́, лист || listó, list <!--Bulgarian-->
| list <!--Czech-->
| list <!--Slovak-->
| liść <!--Polish-->
| list || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| list <!--Slovenian-->
| лист || list <!--Macedonian-->
| listo
|-
! root
|*korenь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ко́рень || kór'en' <!--Russian-->
| корінь || kórin'<!--Ukrainian-->
| ко́рен || kóren <!--Bulgarian-->
| kořen <!--Czech-->
| koreň <!--Slovak-->
| korzeń <!--Polish-->
| kor(ij)en || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| korẹ́n, korenína <!--Slovenian-->
| корен || koren <!--Macedonian-->
| koren
|-
! bark (''of a tree'')
|*kora<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| кора́ || korá <!--Russian-->
| кора || korá <!--Ukrainian-->
| кора́ || korá <!--Bulgarian-->
| kůra <!--Czech-->
| kôra <!--Slovak-->
| kora <!--Polish-->
| kora || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| skọ̑rja <!--Slovenian-->
| кора || kora <!--Macedonian-->
| kora
|-
! flower
|*květъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| цвето́к || cv'etók <!--Russian-->
| квітка || kvítka <!--Ukrainian-->
| цве́те || cvéte <!--Bulgarian-->
| květ <!--Czech-->
| kvet <!--Slovak-->
| kwiat, kwiecie <!--Polish-->
| cv(ij)et || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rọ̑ža, cvẹ́t, cvetlíca <!--Slovenian-->
| цвеќе || cvekje <!--Macedonian-->
| cuvieto
|-
! grass
|*trava<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| трава́ || travá <!--Russian-->
| трава || travá <!--Ukrainian-->
| трева́ || trevá <!--Bulgarian-->
| tráva <!--Czech-->
| tráva <!--Slovak-->
| trawa <!--Polish-->
| trava || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| trava <!--Slovenian-->
| трева || treva <!--Macedonian-->
| treva
|-
! rope
|*ǫže<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| верёвка || v'er'óvka <!--Russian-->
| мотузка || motúzka<!--Ukrainian-->
| въже́ || vǝžé <!--Bulgarian-->
| provaz, houžev <!--Czech-->
| povraz, šnúra, lano <!--Slovak-->
| sznur, lina, powróz <!--Polish-->
| uže || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vrv, konópec <!--Slovenian-->
| јаже || jaže <!--Macedonian-->
|
|-
! skin
|*koža<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ко́жа || kóža <!--Russian-->
| шкіра || škíra <!--Ukrainian-->
| ко́жа || kóža <!--Bulgarian-->
| kůže <!--Czech-->
| koža <!--Slovak-->
| kożuch,<ref group=table>"sheepskin coat"</ref> skóra <!--Polish-->
| koža || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kọ̑ža <!--Slovenian-->
| кожа || koža <!--Macedonian-->
| kora
|-
! meat
|*męso<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мя́со || m'áso <!--Russian-->
| м'ясо || mjáso<!--Ukrainian-->
| ме́со || méso <!--Bulgarian-->
| maso <!--Czech-->
| mäso <!--Slovak-->
| mięso <!--Polish-->
| meso || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mesọ̑ <!--Slovenian-->
| месо || meso <!--Macedonian-->
| mieso
|-
! blood
| *kry<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| кровь || krov' <!--Russian-->
| кров || krov <!--Ukrainian-->
| кръв || krǝv <!--Bulgarian-->
| krev <!--Czech-->
| krv <!--Slovak-->
| krew <!--Polish-->
| krv || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kri <!--Slovenian-->
| крв || krv <!--Macedonian-->
| kreo
|-
! bone
|*kostь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| кость || kost' <!--Russian-->
| кістка || kístka <!--Ukrainian-->
| кост, ко́кал || kost, kókal <!--Bulgarian-->
| kost <!--Czech-->
| kosť <!--Slovak-->
| kość, kostka(deminutive) <!--Polish-->
| kost || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kọ̑st <!--Slovenian-->
| коска || koska <!--Macedonian-->
| kosto
|-
! fat (''noun'')
|*sadlo<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| са́ло || sálo <!--Russian-->
| жир || žyr <!--Ukrainian-->
| сало (dial.) || salo <!--Bulgarian-->
| sádlo, tuk <!--Czech-->
| tuk, sadlo <!--Slovak-->
| tłuszcz, sadło<!--Polish-->
| masnoća, mast, salo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mast, tọ̑lšča, maščóba, salo <!--Slovenian-->
| сало || salo <!--Macedonian-->
| salo
|-
! egg
| *ȃje; *ajьce<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. jo (c); n. jo
| яйцо́ || jajcó <!--Russian-->
| яйце || jajcé <!--Ukrainian-->
| яйце́ || jajcé <!--Bulgarian-->
| vejce <!--Czech-->
| vajce, vajco (regional)<!--Slovak-->
| jajo; jajko, jajco <!--Polish-->
| jáje; jájce || jå̑je <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| jájce <!--Slovenian-->
| јајце || jajce <!--Macedonian-->
| jajce
|-
! horn
| *rȍgъ m. o (c) <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| рог || rog <!--Russian-->
| ріг || rih <!--Ukrainian-->
| рог || rog <!--Bulgarian-->
| roh <!--Czech-->
| roh <!--Slovak-->
| róg (rogu) <!--Polish-->
| colspan=2|rȏg (rȍga) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rọ̑g (rọ̑ga/rogȃ) <!--Slovenian-->
| рог || rog <!--Macedonian-->
| rogo
|-
! tail
| *xvȍstъ <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| хвост || hvost <!--Russian-->
| хвіст || xvist <!--Ukrainian-->
| опа́шка || opáška <!--Bulgarian-->
| chvost <!--Czech-->
| chvost <!--Slovak-->
| chwost <!--Polish-->
| rȇp || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rȅp <!--Slovenian-->
| о́пашка || ópaška <!--Macedonian-->
| opaska
|-
! feather
|*però<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. o (b)
| перо́ || p'eró <!--Russian-->
| перо || peró <!--Ukrainian-->
| перо́ || peró <!--Bulgarian-->
| péro <!--Czech-->
| pero, pierko <!--Slovak-->
| pióro <!--Polish-->
| pèro || perȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| perọ̑ (perẹ́sa) <!--Slovenian-->
| перо || pero <!--Macedonian-->
| pero
|-
! hair
| *vȏlsъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. o (c)
| во́лос || vólos (vólosa) <!--Russian-->
|  волосина, волосся || volosýna, volóss'a<!--Ukrainian-->
| влакнó || vlaknó <!--Bulgarian-->
| vlas <!--Czech-->
| vlas <!--Slovak-->
| włos, kosmyk<ref group=table>"tuft of hair"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| vlȃs (vlȃsa) || vlå̑s (vlå̑sa) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| lȃs (lȃsa/lasȗ) <!--Slovenian-->
| влакно || vlakno <!--Macedonian-->
| los
|-
! hair, braided hair
| *kosà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. ā (c)
| || kosá (kósu)<ref group=table>"braid, plait"</ref> <!--Russian-->
| коса || kosá <!--Ukrainian-->
| коса́ || kosá <!--Bulgarian-->
| vlasy OCz. kosa <!--Czech-->
| vlasy, vrkoče OSk. kosa  <!--Slovak-->
| OPl. kosa<ref group=table>"braid, mane"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| kòsa (acc. kȍsu) || (Novi) kosȁ (acc. kosȕ/kȍsu) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| lasjẹ́ <!--Slovenian-->
| косa || kosa <!--Macedonian-->
| kosa
|-
! head
| *golvà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. ā (c)
| голова́ || golová (acc. gólovu) <!--Russian-->
| голова || holová <!--Ukrainian-->
| глава́ || glavá <!--Bulgarian-->
| hlava <!--Czech-->
| hlava  <!--Slovak-->
| głowa <!--Polish-->
| gláva (acc. glȃvu) || glå̄vȁ (acc. glå̑vu) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| gláva <!--Slovenian-->
| глава || glava <!--Macedonian-->
| glava
|-
! ear
|*ȗxo<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. o (c)
| у́хо || úxo, pl. úš'i /úšy/ <!--Russian-->
| вухо || vúxo <!--Ukrainian-->
| ухо́ || uhó <!--Bulgarian-->
| ucho <!--Czech-->
| ucho <!--Slovak-->
| ucho <!--Polish-->
| ȕho/ȕvo, pl. f. ȕši || ȕho (ȕha), pl. m. ȕši <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| uhọ̑ (ušẹ̑sa) <!--Slovenian-->
| уво, уше || uvo, uše <!--Macedonian-->
| ucho
|-
! eye
| *ȍko<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. o (c)
| глаз, о́ко || óko (poet.)<!--Russian-->
| око || о́ko<!--Ukrainian-->
| око́ || okó <!--Bulgarian-->
| colspan=3|oko <!--Czech, Slovak, Polish-->
| colspan=2|ȍko <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| okọ̑ (očẹ̑sa) <!--Slovenian-->
| око || oko <!--Macedonian-->
| oko
|-
! nose
|*nȍsъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. o (c)
| нос || nos <!--Russian-->
| ніс || nis <!--Ukrainian-->
| нос || nos <!--Bulgarian-->
| colspan=3|nos <!--Czech, Slovak, Polish-->
| colspan=2|nȏs (nȍsa) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nọ̑s (nọ̑sa/nosȃ/nosȗ) <!--Slovenian-->
| нос || nos <!--Macedonian-->
| nos
|-
! mouth
|*ūstà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| pl. n. o (b)
| рот || rot <!--Russian-->
| вуста || vustá<!--Ukrainian-->
| уста́ || ustá <!--Bulgarian-->
| colspan=2|ústa <!--Czech, Slovak-->
| usta <!--Polish-->
| ústa || ũstå̄; ũsta <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ústa <!--Slovenian-->
| уста || usta <!--Macedonian-->
| usta
|-
! tooth
|*zǫ̑bъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. o (c)
| зуб || zub <!--Russian-->
| зуб || zub <!--Ukrainian-->
| зъб || zǝb <!--Bulgarian-->
| zub <!--Czech-->
| zub <!--Slovak-->
| ząb <!--Polish-->
| colspan=2|zȗb (zȗba) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zọ̑b (zọ̑ba) <!--Slovenian-->
| заб || zab <!--Macedonian-->
| zuebo
|-
! tongue/language
|*ęzỳkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. o (a)
| язы́к || jazýk <!--Russian-->
| язик, мова || jazýk, móva <!--Ukrainian-->
| ези́к || ezík <!--Bulgarian-->
| jazyk <!--Czech-->
| jazyk <!--Slovak-->
| język <!--Polish-->
| jèzik || jazȉk <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| jézik (jezíka) <!--Slovenian-->
| јазик || jazik <!--Macedonian-->
| jecko
|-
! nail (of finger/toe), claw
|*nȍgъtь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. i/io (c)
| но́готь || nógot' (nógt'a) <!--Russian-->
| ніготь || níhot' <!--Ukrainian-->
| но́кът || nókǝt <!--Bulgarian-->
| nehet <!--Czech-->
| necht  <!--Slovak-->
| paznokieć (OPl. paznogiedź), pazur <!--Polish-->
| nȍkat (nȍkta); nogat (nokta) || nȍhat (nȍhta) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nọ̑ht (nọ̑hta)<!--Slovenian-->
| нокт, канџа || nokt, kandža<!--Macedonian-->
|-
! foot, leg
|*noga<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. ā (c)
| нога́ || nogá <!--Russian-->
| ногá || nohá <!--Ukrainian-->
| крак, нога|| krak, nogá <!--Bulgarian-->
| noha <!--Czech-->
| noha  <!--Slovak-->
| noga <!--Polish-->
| nòga (nȍgu) || nogȁ (nȍgu) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nóga <!--Slovenian-->
| нога || noga <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! knee
|*kolě̀no<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. o (a)
| коле́но || kol'éno <!--Russian-->
| коліно || kolíno <!--Ukrainian-->
| коля́но || kolyáno <!--Bulgarian-->
| koleno <!--Czech-->
| koleno <!--Slovak-->
| kolano <!--Polish-->
| kòl(j)eno || kolȉno <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kolẹ́no <!--Slovenian-->
| колено/ница || koleno/nica <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! hand
| *rǭkà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. ā (c)
| рука́ || ruká <!--Russian-->
| рука || ruká <!--Ukrainian-->
| ръка́ || rǝká <!--Bulgarian-->
| ruka <!--Czech-->
| ruka <!--Slovak-->
| ręka <!--Polish-->
| rúka (rȗku) || rūkȁ (rȗku) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| róka <!--Slovenian-->
| рака || raka <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! wing
|*krīdlò<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. o (b)
| крыло́ || kryló <!--Russian-->
| крило || kryló <!--Ukrainian-->
| крило́ || kriló <!--Bulgarian-->
| křídlo <!--Czech-->
| krídlo <!--Slovak-->
| skrzydło <!--Polish-->
| krílo || (Orb.) krīlȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| krílo <!--Slovenian-->
| крило || krilo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! belly
|*bŗȗxo, *bŗȗxъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m./n. o (c)
| живот || žyvot <!--Russian-->
| живіт || žyvít <!--Ukrainian-->
| корем, стомах, търбух || korem, stomah, tǝrbuh <!--Bulgarian-->
| břicho <!--Czech-->
| brucho  <!--Slovak-->
| brzuch <!--Polish-->
| trbuh || --- <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| trẹ́buh (trebúha) <!--Slovenian-->
| стомак, желудник || stomak, želudnik <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! guts
|*červo<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| кишки́ || k'išk'í <!--Russian-->
| кишки́ || kyšký <!--Ukrainian-->
| черва́ || červá <!--Bulgarian-->
| střeva <!--Czech-->
| črevá <!--Slovak-->
| trzewia (ścierwo<ref group=table>"carcass"</ref>) <!--Polish-->
| cr(ij)evo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| črevo, črevẹ́sje <!--Slovenian-->
| црева || creva <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! neck
|*šija, *šьja<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ше́я || š'éja /šéja/ <!--Russian-->
| шия || šýja <!--Ukrainian-->
| врат, ши́я || vrat, šíja <!--Bulgarian-->
| krk <!--Czech-->
| krk <!--Slovak-->
| szyja, kark <!--Polish-->
| vrat, šija || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vrat <!--Slovenian-->
| шија || šija <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! back
|*xrьbьtъ <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| спина́ || spiná <!--Russian-->
| спи́на || spýna <!--Ukrainian-->
| гръб || grǝb <!--Bulgarian-->
| záda, hřbet <!--Czech-->
| chbát <!--Slovak-->
| grzbiet <!--Polish-->
| leđa || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| hrbet <!--Slovenian-->
| грб || grb <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! shoulder
|*pletjè<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. jo (b)
| плечó || plečó <!--Russian-->
| плече || plečé  <!--Ukrainian-->
| плещи (pl.)|| pleští pl. <!--Bulgarian-->
| rameno, pleco <!--Czech-->
| plece, rameno <!--Slovak-->
| plecy pl.,<ref group=table>"back"</ref> ramię <ref group=table>"arm(limb)"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| pléće, rame || (Novi) plećȅ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rama, plẹ́ča <!--Slovenian-->
| плеќи|| plékji <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! breast
|*grǫ̑dь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. i (c)
| грудь || grud' <!--Russian-->
| груди || hrúdy <!--Ukrainian-->
| гръд || grǝd <!--Bulgarian-->
| prsa, hruď <!--Czech-->
| prsia, hruď  <!--Slovak-->
| pierś; OPl. grędzi (pl.) <!--Polish-->
| grȗd, prsa || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| prsi, grudi, nẹ́drje <!--Slovenian-->
| града || grada <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! heart
|*sь̏rdьce<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. jo (c)
| се́рдце || s'érdc'e /s'érce/ <!--Russian-->
| серце || sérce <!--Ukrainian-->
| сърце́ || sǝrcé <!--Bulgarian-->
| srdce <!--Czech-->
| srdce <!--Slovak-->
| serce (OPl. serdce) <!--Polish-->
| colspan=2|sȑce (sȑca) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| srcẹ̑ (srcá) <!--Slovenian-->
| срце || srce <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! liver
|*ę̄trò, *pečenь <!--Proto-Slavic-->
| n. o (b)
| || játro/jatró<ref group=table>"entrails, eggs"</ref> <!--Russian-->
| печінка || pečínka<!--Ukrainian-->
| черен дроб, джигер || cheren drob, džiger <!--Bulgarian-->
| játra (pl.) <!--Czech-->
| pečeň <!--Slovak-->
| (wątroba) <!--Polish-->
| jȅtra (pl.) || (Orb.) j<sup>i</sup>ẽtra (pl.) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| jẹ́tra (pl.) <!--Slovenian-->
| џигер, црн дроб || džiger, crn drob <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to drink
|*pìti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| пить || p'it' <!--Russian-->
| пити || pýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| да пи́я || da píja <!--Bulgarian-->
| píti <!--Czech-->
| piť  <!--Slovak-->
| pić <!--Polish-->
| pȉti (pȉjēm) || pȉti (pījȅš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| píti (píjem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да пие || da pie <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to eat
|*ě̀sti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| есть || jest' <!--Russian-->
| їсти || jísty <!--Ukrainian-->
| да ям || da jam <!--Bulgarian-->
| jísti <!--Czech-->
| jesť <!--Slovak-->
| jeść <!--Polish-->
| jȅsti (jȅdem) || ȉsti/ĩsti (3sg. idẽ) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| jẹ́sti (jẹ́m) <!--Slovenian-->
| да јаде || da jade <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to gnaw
|*grỳzti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (c)
| грызть || gryzt' <!--Russian-->
| гризти || hrýzty <!--Ukrainian-->
| да гризя || da grize <!--Bulgarian-->
| hryzat <!--Czech-->
| hrýzť <!--Slovak-->
| gryźć <!--Polish-->
| grȉsti (grízēm) || grȉsti (2sg. grīzȅš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| grísti (grízem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да гризе || da grize <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to suck
|*sъsàti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| соса́ть || sosát' (sosú, sos'ót) <!--Russian-->
| смоктати || smoktáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| (су́ча) || (súča) <!--Bulgarian-->
| sát (saji) <!--Czech-->
| cicať, sať <!--Slovak-->
| ssać (ssę) <!--Polish-->
| sisati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| sesáti (sesȃm) <!--Slovenian-->
| да цица || da cica <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to spit
|*pjь̀vati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (a)
| плева́ть || pl'evát' (pljujú, plujót) <!--Russian-->
| плювати || pl'uváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| плю́я || pljúja; pljúvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| plivat (plivu) <!--Czech-->
| pľuť (pľujem) <!--Slovak-->
| pluć (pluję), (arch. plwać) <!--Polish-->
| pljùvati (pljȕjēm) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pljúvati (pljúvam) <!--Slovenian-->
| да плука || da pluka <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to vomit
|*bljьvàti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| блева́ть || bl'evát' <!--Russian-->
| блювати || bl'uváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| повръщам, бълвам|| povrǝ́shtam, bǝ́lvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| blít (bliju) <!--Czech-->
| zvracať, OSk. bľuť, bľuvať <!--Slovak-->
| wymiotować, zwracać, rzygać; OPl. bluć (bluj̨ę) <!--Polish-->
| bljùvati (bljȕjēm), povraćati || (Orb.) bljȕvat (3sg. bljȗje/bljȕva)  <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| brùhati, bljuváti (bljúvam/bljújem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да повраќа || da povrakja <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to blow
|*dǫ̀ti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| дуть, ве́ять || dut', v'éjat' <!--Russian-->
| ду́ти, ві́яти, дму́хати ||  dúty, víjaty, dmúxaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ду́хам, ве́я || dúham, véja <!--Bulgarian-->
| vát, vanout, foukat <!--Czech-->
| duť, fúkať, vanúť <!--Slovak-->
| dmuchać, dąć, wiać <!--Polish-->
| dúvati, dúhati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pihati <!--Slovenian-->
| да дува || da duva <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to breathe
|*dyxati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| дышать || dyshat' <!--Russian-->
| дихати ||  dýxaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ди́шам || díšam <!--Bulgarian-->
| dýchat (dýchám) <!--Czech-->
| dýchať (dýcham) <!--Slovak-->
| oddychać; dychać (colloq.), dyszeć<ref group=table>"pant, gasp"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| dísati (dȋšēm/dȋhām) || dȉhati (2sg. dȉšeš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| díhati (dȋham) <!--Slovenian-->
| да дише || da diše <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to laugh
|*smьjàti sę<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (c)
| смея́ться || sm'eját's'a <!--Russian-->
| сміятись || smijátys' <!--Ukrainian-->
| сме́я се || sméja se <!--Bulgarian-->
| smát se (směju se) <!--Czech-->
| smiať sa (smejem sa) <!--Slovak-->
| śmiać się (śmieję się) <!--Polish-->
| smìjati se (smìjēm se) || (Vrg.) smījȁti se (smijȅš se) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| smejáti se (smẹ́jem se/smejím se) <!--Slovenian-->
| да се смее || da se smee <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to see
|*vìděti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (a)
| ви́деть || v'íd'et'  <!--Russian-->
| бачити || báčyty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ви́ждам || vídja, víždam <!--Bulgarian-->
| vidět (vidím) <!--Czech-->
| vidieť (vidím) <!--Slovak-->
| widzieć <!--Polish-->
| vȉd(j)eti (vȉdīm) || vìti (2sg. vȉdīš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vídeti (vȋdim) <!--Slovenian-->
| да види || da vidi <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to hear
|*slušati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| слу́шать || slúšat' <!--Russian-->
| слухати || slúxaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| слу́шам, чу́вам || slúšam, čúvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| slyšet (slyším) <!--Czech-->
| počuť (počujem) <!--Slovak-->
| słyszeć <!--Polish-->
| slušati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| slišati (slišim) <!--Slovenian-->
| да слушне || da slušne <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to know, be familiar with
|*znàti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (a)
| знать || znat' <!--Russian-->
| знати || znáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| зна́я; знам || znája; znam <!--Bulgarian-->
| znát (znám) <!--Czech-->
| vedieť, poznať <!--Slovak-->
| znać <!--Polish-->
| znȁti (znȃm) || znȁti (2sg. znå̑š) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| poznáti (poznȃm) <!--Slovenian-->
| да знае, да познава || da znae, da poznava <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to know, have knowledge
|*věděti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| ведать || v'édat'<ref group=table>"manage"; "know" (obs.)</ref> <!--Russian-->
| відати|| vídaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| вям || vjam <!--Bulgarian-->
| vědět (vím) <!--Czech-->
| vedieť (viem) <!--Slovak-->
| wiedzieć (wiem) <!--Polish-->
| znati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vẹ́deti (vẹ́m)<!--Slovenian-->
| || <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to understand
|*orzuměti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| понимать || ponimatʹ <!--Russian-->
| розуміти|| rozumíty <!--Ukrainian-->
| разбирам || razbiram <!--Bulgarian-->
| rozumět (rozumím) <!--Czech-->
| rozumieť (rozumiem) <!--Slovak-->
| rozumieć (rozumiem) <!--Polish-->
| razùm(j)eti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| razumẹ́ti <!--Slovenian-->
| да разбира || da razbira <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to think
|*mysliti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мы́слить || mýsl'it' <!--Russian-->
| думати, мислити || dúmaty, mýslyty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ми́сля || míslja <!--Bulgarian-->
| myslet (myslím) <!--Czech-->
| myslieť (myslím) <!--Slovak-->
| myśleć <!--Polish-->
| misliti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| misliti (mislim) <!--Slovenian-->
| да мисли || da misli <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to smell
|*ňuxati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ню́хать, чу́ять || n'úkhat', čújat' <!--Russian-->
| нюхати, відчувати || n'úxaty, vidčuváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| мири́ша, ду́ша || miríša, dúša <!--Bulgarian-->
| vonět (voním), čichat (čichám) <!--Czech-->
| voniať (voniam), čuchať (čuchám) <!--Slovak-->
| czuć, wąchać,<ref group=table>"to smell", transitive</ref> wonieć<ref group=table>"to smell, intransitive"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| mirisati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vọ̑hati, vọ̑njati, duhati <!--Slovenian-->
| да мирисне || da mirisne <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to fear
|*bojati sę<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| боя́ться || boját's'a <!--Russian-->
| боятись || bojátys' <!--Ukrainian-->
| страху́вам се, боя се || straxúvam se, boja se <!--Bulgarian-->
| bát se <!--Czech-->
| báť sa (bojím sa) <!--Slovak-->
| bać się (boję się), płoszyć się, strachać się(arch.), lękać się <!--Polish-->
| bojati se || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| bati se <!--Slovenian-->
| да се плаши || da se plaši <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to sleep
|*sъpati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| спать || spat' <!--Russian-->
| спати || spáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| спя || spja <!--Bulgarian-->
| spát <!--Czech-->
| spať <!--Slovak-->
| spać <!--Polish-->
| spavati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| spati <!--Slovenian-->
| да спие || da spie <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to live
|*žìti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (c)
| жить || ž'it' /žyt'/ <!--Russian-->
| жити || žúty <!--Ukrainian-->
| живе́я || živéja <!--Bulgarian-->
| žít <!--Czech-->
| žiť <!--Slovak-->
| żyć <!--Polish-->
| žív(j)eti, 1sg. žívīm || žīvȉti, 2sg. žīvȅš <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| živẹ́ti <!--Slovenian-->
| да живее || da živee <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to die
|*merti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| умира́ть || um'irát' <!--Russian-->
| вмирати || vmyráty <!--Ukrainian-->
| уми́рам || umíram <!--Bulgarian-->
| umírat <!--Czech-->
| umierať, zomierať <!--Slovak-->
| umierać, mrzeć <!--Polish-->
| umr(ij)eti, umriti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| umrẹ́ti <!--Slovenian-->
| да умре || da umre <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to kill
|*ubiti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| убива́ть || ub'ivát' <!--Russian-->
| вбивати || vbyváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| уби́вам || ubívam <!--Bulgarian-->
| zabíjet <!--Czech-->
| zabíjať, zabiť <!--Slovak-->
| zabijać, ubijać <!--Polish-->
| ubiti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ubíti <!--Slovenian-->
| да убие || da ubie <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to fight
|*boriti sę<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| боро́ться || borót's'a <!--Russian-->
| боротись || borótys' <!--Ukrainian-->
| бо́ря се, би́я се || bórja se, bíja se <!--Bulgarian-->
| bojovat <!--Czech-->
| bojovať, biť sa <!--Slovak-->
| walczyć, bić się, wojować, zmagać się <!--Polish-->
| boriti se, tući se || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| boríti se, bojeváti se <!--Slovenian-->
| да се бори, да се тепа || da se bori, da se tepa <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to hunt
|*loviti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| охо́титься || oxót'it's'a <!--Russian-->
| полювати || pol'uváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| лову́вам, ловя || lovúvam, lovja <!--Bulgarian-->
| lovit <!--Czech-->
| loviť <!--Slovak-->
| polować,<ref group=table>"hunt, chase, prowl, course"</ref> łowić<ref group=table>"hunt, fish, catch, snare"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| loviti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| lovíti <!--Slovenian-->
| да лови || da lovi <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to hit
|*udariti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| ударя́ть || udar'át' <!--Russian-->
| вдаряти || vdar'áty <!--Ukrainian-->
| у́дрям || údrjam <!--Bulgarian-->
| udeřit <!--Czech-->
| udrieť <!--Slovak-->
| uderzać <!--Polish-->
| ùdariti, 1sg. ùdarīm || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| udáriti <!--Slovenian-->
| да удри || da udri <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to cut
|*sěkti, *strigti, *rězati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ре́зать, руби́ть || r'ézat', rub'ít' <!--Russian-->
| секти, стригти, різати || sektý, strýhty, rízaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ре́жа, сека́ || réža, seká <!--Bulgarian-->
| řezat <!--Czech-->
| rezať, sekať, rúbať <!--Slovak-->
| ciąć,<ref group=table>"cut, slice, chop"</ref> strzyc,<ref group=table>"cut, mow, trim, shear"</ref> siec OPl. rzezać (arch.) <!--Polish-->
| rezati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rẹ́zati <!--Slovenian-->
| да сече || da seće <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to split
| <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| разделя́ть || razd'el'át' <!--Russian-->
| розділяти || rozdil'áty <!--Ukrainian-->
| разде́лям || razdéljam <!--Bulgarian-->
| rozdělit <!--Czech-->
| rozdeliť (sa) <!--Slovak-->
| podzielić,<ref group=table>"split, divide, separate, share, distribute"</ref> rozdzielić<ref group=table>"split (up), (divide up), disunite, pull apart, separate, parcel, give away, share, distribute, provide, disperse"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| pod(ij)eliti, razd(ij)eliti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| razdelíti <!--Slovenian-->
| да подели, да раздели || da podeli, da razdeli <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to stab
|*bosti, *kolti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| коло́ть || kolót' <!--Russian-->
| колоти || kolóty <!--Ukrainian-->
| буча́, прому́швам, пробо́ждам || bučá, promúšvam, probóždam <!--Bulgarian-->
| píchnout <!--Czech-->
| pichnúť. bodnúť <!--Slovak-->
| pchnąć,<ref group=table>"push"</ref> bóść<ref group=table>"stab, spike, prick, butt"</ref> (coll. kolnąć) <!--Polish-->
| bosti, ubosti, klati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zabósti, prebósti <!--Slovenian-->
| да убоде || da ubode <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to scratch
|*česati, *drapati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| цара́пать || carápat' <!--Russian-->
| чесати, дерти || česáty, dérty <!--Ukrainian-->
| че́ша, дра́скам || čéša, dráskam <!--Bulgarian-->
| škrábat <!--Czech-->
| škrabať, škrabnúť <!--Slovak-->
| drapać,<ref group=table>"scratch, scrape, irritate, rub"</ref> skrobać,<ref group=table>"scratch, scrape, rasp, scrub, grate, scribble"</ref> czesać,<ref group=table>"comb, brush"</ref> grzebać<ref group=table>"to rummage, to dig"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| češati, grebati, drapati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| praskati <!--Slovenian-->
| да гребе, драска, чеша, драпа || da grebe, draska, ćeša, drapa <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to dig
|*kopati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| копа́ть || kopát' <!--Russian-->
| копати || kopáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| копа́я || kopája <!--Bulgarian-->
| kopat <!--Czech-->
| kopať <!--Slovak-->
| kopać <!--Polish-->
| kopati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kopáti <!--Slovenian-->
| да копа || da kopa <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to sail
|*pluti; *plỳti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.; v. (a)
| плыть || plyt' (plyvú, plyv'ót) <!--Russian-->
| плити || plyty <!--Ukrainian-->
| плу́вам || plúvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| plout (pluju) <!--Czech-->
| plaviť sa, plávať <!--Slovak-->
| (pływać), pluć<ref group=table>"spit, sputter"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| ploviti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| plúti (plújem/plóvem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да плива, да едри || da pliva, da edri <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to swim, float
|*plàvati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (a)
| пла́вать || plávat' <!--Russian-->
| плавати || plávaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| пла́вам || plávam <!--Bulgarian-->
| plavat <!--Czech-->
| plávať <!--Slovak-->
| pływać, pławić się,<ref group=table>"wallow"</ref> OPl. pławać <!--Polish-->
| plȉvati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| plávati (plȃvam) <!--Slovenian-->
| да плива, да едри || da pliva, da edri <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to fly
|*letěti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| лета́ть || l'etát' <!--Russian-->
| літати || litáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| летя́ || letjá <!--Bulgarian-->
| létat <!--Czech-->
| lietať, letieť <!--Slovak-->
| latać, lecieć <!--Polish-->
| let(j)eti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| letẹ́ti (letím) <!--Slovenian-->
| да лета || da leta <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to walk
|*xoditi<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| ходи́ть || xod'ít' <!--Russian-->
| ходити || xodýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| хо́дя || xódja <!--Bulgarian-->
| chodit <!--Czech-->
| chodiť, kráčať <!--Slovak-->
| chodzić <!--Polish-->
| hòdati || hodȉti <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| hodíti (hǫ́dim) <!--Slovenian-->
| да оди || da odi <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to go
|*jьti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| идти́ || idt'í (idú, id'ót) <!--Russian-->
| йти || jty <!--Ukrainian-->
| вървя, отивам || vǝ́rvja, otivam <!--Bulgarian-->
| jít (jdu) <!--Czech-->
| ísť (idem) <!--Slovak-->
| iść (idę) <!--Polish-->
| ìći (ȉdēm) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| íti (grem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да замине || da замине <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to come
| <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| приходи́ть || pr'ixod'ít' <!--Russian-->
| приходити || pryxódyty <!--Ukrainian-->
| и́двам, ида, дохождам || ídvam, ida, dohoždam <!--Bulgarian-->
| přicházet, přijít <!--Czech-->
| prichádzať, prísť <!--Slovak-->
| przychodzić, przyjść, dojść <!--Polish-->
| doći, prići || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| priti <!--Slovenian-->
| да дојде || da dojde <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to lie (''as in a bed'')
|*ležati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| лежа́ть || l'ežát' <!--Russian-->
| лежати || ležáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| лежа́ || ležá <!--Bulgarian-->
| ležet <!--Czech-->
| ležať <!--Slovak-->
| leżeć <!--Polish-->
| ležati, lijegati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ležáti (ležím) <!--Slovenian-->
| лежам || ležam <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to sit
| *sěsti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| сиде́ть || s'id'ét' <!--Russian-->
| сидіти || sydíty <!--Ukrainian-->
| седя́ || sedjá <!--Bulgarian-->
| sedět <!--Czech-->
| sedieť <!--Slovak-->
| siedzieć <!--Polish-->
| s(j)esti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| sedẹ́ti (sedím) <!--Slovenian-->
| да седне || da sedne <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to stand
|*stati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| стоя́ть || stoját' <!--Russian-->
| стояти || stojáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| стоя́, ставам || stojá, stavam <!--Bulgarian-->
| stát <!--Czech-->
| stáť <!--Slovak-->
| stać, stawać, stojeć(arch./dial.) <!--Polish-->
| stati, stajati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vstáti <!--Slovenian-->
| да стане || da stane <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to turn
|*vьrtě̀ti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (c)
| верте́ть || v'ert'ét'  <!--Russian-->
| крутити || krutýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| въртя́ || vǝrtjá <!--Bulgarian-->
| vrtět <!--Czech-->
| obracať, zvrtnúť sa <!--Slovak-->
| (obracać), wiercić <!--Polish-->
| vŕt(j)eti (vŕtīm) || vrtȉti (2sg. vrtĩš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vrtẹ́ti (vrtím) <!--Slovenian-->
| да врти, да заврти || da vrti, da zavrti <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to turn, return
|*vortìti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (b)
| вернуть || vernut' <!--Russian-->
| повернути, вертати || povernúty, vertáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| връщам || vrǝshtam <!--Bulgarian-->
| vrátit <!--Czech-->
| vrátiť sa <!--Slovak-->
| wrócić <!--Polish-->
| vrátiti (1sg. vrȃtīm) || vrå̄tȉti (2sg. vrå̃tīš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vrníti <!--Slovenian-->
| да се врати || da se vrati <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to fall
|*pasti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| па́дать || pádat' <!--Russian-->
| падати || pádaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| па́дам || pádam <!--Bulgarian-->
| padat <!--Czech-->
| padať, padnúť <!--Slovak-->
| spadać/padać, paść/spaść <!--Polish-->
| pasti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pasti <!--Slovenian-->
| да падне || da padne <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to give
|*dati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| дава́ть || davát' <!--Russian-->
| дава́ти || daváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| да́вам || dávam <!--Bulgarian-->
| dávat <!--Czech-->
| dávať, dať <!--Slovak-->
| dawać, dać <!--Polish-->
| dati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dati <!--Slovenian-->
| да даде || da dade <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to hold
|*dьržati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| держа́ть || d'eržát' <!--Russian-->
| тримати || trymáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| държа́ || dǝržá <!--Bulgarian-->
| držet <!--Czech-->
| držať <!--Slovak-->
| trzymać, dzierżyć <!--Polish-->
| držati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| držáti (držím) <!--Slovenian-->
| да држи || da drži <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to squeeze
|*tiskati;<br />*žęti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (b)
| сжима́ть || sž'imát' <!--Russian-->
| стиска́ти || styskáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| сти́скам, ма́чкам || stískam, máčkam <!--Bulgarian-->
| mačkat <!--Czech-->
| stískať, mädliť <!--Slovak-->
| ściskać, wyżymać<ref group=table>"to squeeze(mainly clothes)from water"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| stiskati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| stiskati <!--Slovenian-->
| да стеска, да стега || da steska, da stega <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to rub
|*terti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| тере́ть || t'er'ét' <!--Russian-->
| терти || térty <!--Ukrainian-->
| три́я, тъ́ркам || tríja, tǝ́rkam <!--Bulgarian-->
| třít <!--Czech-->
| trieť, šúchať <!--Slovak-->
| trzeć <!--Polish-->
| trljati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| drgniti, trẹ́ti <!--Slovenian-->
| да трие || da trie <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to wash
|*myti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мыть || myt' <!--Russian-->
| мити || mýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ми́я, пера́ || míja, perá <!--Bulgarian-->
| mýt <!--Czech-->
| umývať, myť <!--Slovak-->
| myć, prać<ref group=table>"to wash clothes"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| oprati, umiti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| umíti, opráti <!--Slovenian-->
| да мие, да пере || da mie, da pere <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to wipe
| <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| вытира́ть || vyt'irát' <!--Russian-->
| витирати || vytyráty <!--Ukrainian-->
| бъ́рша, три́я || bǝ́rša, tríja <!--Bulgarian-->
| vytírat <!--Czech-->
| utierať, (u)trieť <!--Slovak-->
| wycierać, otrzeć <!--Polish-->
| obrisati, brisati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| brisati, otrẹ́ti <!--Slovenian-->
| да бриши || da briši <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to pull
|*tęgnǫti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| тяну́ть || t'anút' <!--Russian-->
| тягти || t'ahtý <!--Ukrainian-->
| дъ́рпам, те́гля, вла́ча || dǝ́rpam, téglja, vláča <!--Bulgarian-->
| táhnout <!--Czech-->
| ťahať <!--Slovak-->
| ciągnąć, wlec<ref group=table>"to drag"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| potegnuti, vući || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vlẹ́či, potegníti <!--Slovenian-->
| да влече, да тегне || da vleće, da tegne <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to push
|*perti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| толка́ть || tolkát' <!--Russian-->
| штовха́ти || štovxáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| нати́скам, бу́там || natískam, bútam <!--Bulgarian-->
| tlačit <!--Czech-->
| tlačiť <!--Slovak-->
| pchać, wcisnąć,<ref group=table>"to push f.ex. a button"</ref> tłoczyć<ref group=table>"to push f.ex. steam"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| gurnuti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| potisniti, poriniti <!--Slovenian-->
| да турка || da turka <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to throw
|*kydati, *mesti, *vergti v.<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| броса́ть, кида́ть || brosát', k'idát' <!--Russian-->
| кидати || kýdaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| хвъ́рлям || xvǝ́rljam <!--Bulgarian-->
| házet; OCz. vrci (1sg. vrhu) <!--Czech-->
| hádzať <!--Slovak-->
| rzucać, miotać <!--Polish-->
| baciti | |v<sup>e</sup>ȑć, 2sg. v<sup>e</sup>ȑžeš <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vrẹ́či <!--Slovenian-->
| да фрли || da frli <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to tie
|*vę̄zàti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (b)
| вяза́ть || v'azát' <!--Russian-->
| в'яза́ти || v'jazáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| връ́звам || vrǝ́zvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| vázat <!--Czech-->
| viazať <!--Slovak-->
| wiązać <!--Polish-->
| vézati, 1sg. véžēm || vēzȁti, 2sg. vēžeš <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vẹ́zati <!--Slovenian-->
| да врзе || da vrze <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to sew
|*šiti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| шить || šyt' <!--Russian-->
| ши́ти || šýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ши́я || šíja <!--Bulgarian-->
| šít <!--Czech-->
| šiť <!--Slovak-->
| szyć <!--Polish-->
| šiti|| <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| sejati <!--Slovenian-->
| да сошие || da sošie <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to count
|*čitati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| счита́ть, посчита́ть || sč'itátʹ, posč'itátʹ <!--Russian-->
| рахува́ти, лічи́ти || raxuváty, ličýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| бро́я || brója <!--Bulgarian-->
| počítat <!--Czech-->
| počítať <!--Slovak-->
| liczyć <!--Polish-->
| bròjati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| šteti <!--Slovenian-->
| да брои || da broi <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to read
|*čitati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| чита́ть || č'itát' <!--Russian-->
| чита́ти || čytáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| чета || cheta <!--Bulgarian-->
| číst (čtu) <!--Czech-->
| čítať <!--Slovak-->
| czytać <!--Polish-->
| čìtati (čìtām) || čȉtati (2sg. čȉtå̄š) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| brati (berem), čítati (čítam) <!--Slovenian-->
| да чита, да рачуна || da čita, da računa <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to speak, talk
|*govorìti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| говори́ть || govor'ít' <!--Russian-->
| говори́ти || hovorýty <!--Ukrainian-->
| говоря || govórja <!--Bulgarian-->
| mluvit, hovořit <!--Czech-->
| hovoriť <!--Slovak-->
| rozmawiać, mówić, gwarzyć OPl. goworzyć; gaworzyć<ref group=table>"babble, coo"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| govòriti (gòvorīm) || govȍrīti (2sg. govȍrīš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| govoríti (govorím) <!--Slovenian-->
| да говори, да зборува || da govori, da zboruva <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to say, tell
|*kāzàti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| говори́ть, сказа́ть || govor'ít', skazat' <!--Russian-->
| каза́ти || kazáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| ка́жа || káža <!--Bulgarian-->
| hovořit, říkat <!--Czech-->
| povedať, hovoriť <!--Slovak-->
| powiedzieć <!--Polish-->
| kázati (kȃžēm) || kå̄zȁti (2sg. kå̃žeš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| reči <!--Slovenian-->
| да кажува || da kažuva <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to show
|*kāzàti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v.
| показывать || pokazyvat' <!--Russian-->
| пока́зувати || pokázuvaty <!--Ukrainian-->
| показвам || pokazvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| ukázat <!--Czech-->
| ukázať <!--Slovak-->
| pokazać <!--Polish-->
| kázati (kȃžēm) || kå̄zȁti (2sg. kå̃žeš) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kázati (kážem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да покаже || da pokaže <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to sing
|*pěti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| v. (c)
| петь || p'et' (pojú, pojót)<!--Russian-->
| співа́ти || spiváty <!--Ukrainian-->
| пе́я || péja (2sg. péeš) <!--Bulgarian-->
| zpívat (zpívám), pět (pěji) <!--Czech-->
| spievať <!--Slovak-->
| śpiewać (śpiewam), piać (pieję)<ref group=table>"to crow, to sound like  a rooster"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| p(j)evati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pẹ́ti (pójem) <!--Slovenian-->
| да пее || da pee <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to play
|*jьgrati<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| игра́ть || igrát' <!--Russian-->
| гра́ти || hráty <!--Ukrainian-->
| игра́я || igrája <!--Bulgarian-->
| hrát <!--Czech-->
| hrať <!--Slovak-->
| grać, igrać <!--Polish-->
| igrati || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| igráti, igráti se <!--Slovenian-->
| да игра || da igra <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! can, to be able to
|*mogti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мочь || moč' <!--Russian-->
| могти || mohtý <!--Ukrainian-->
| мога́, мо́же || mogá, móže <!--Bulgarian-->
| moci, moct <!--Czech-->
| môcť <!--Slovak-->
| móc <!--Polish-->
| mȍći || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| móči <!--Slovenian-->
| да може || da može <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to flow
|*tekti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| течь || t'eč' <!--Russian-->
| текти || tektý <!--Ukrainian-->
| тека́, те́че || teká, téče <!--Bulgarian-->
| téci, téct <!--Czech-->
| tiecť <!--Slovak-->
| ciec, cieknąć <!--Polish-->
| teći || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| teči <!--Slovenian-->
| да тече || da teče <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to freeze
|*mьrznǫti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| замерзáть || zam'erzát' <!--Russian-->
| замерзáти || zamerzáty <!--Ukrainian-->
| замръ́звам || zamrǝ́zvam <!--Bulgarian-->
| zamrznout <!--Czech-->
| mrznúť, zmrznúť, zamrznúť <!--Slovak-->
| marznąć, zamarzać <!--Polish-->
| mrznuti, zamrznuti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zamrzniti <!--Slovenian-->
| да замрзне || da zamrzne <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to swell
|*puxnǫti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| пу́хнуть || púxnut' <!--Russian-->
| пу́хнути || púxnuty <!--Ukrainian-->
| подпу́хвам, оти́чам, поду́вам се || podpúxvam, otíčam, podúvam se <!--Bulgarian-->
| opuchnout, otéct <!--Czech-->
| puchnúť, opuchnúť, (arch.) otiecť <!--Slovak-->
| puchnąć, rozdąć (się) <!--Polish-->
| oteknuti, oteći || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| oteči <!--Slovenian-->
| да потечи || da poteči <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! sun
|*sъlnьce<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| со́лнце || sólnc'e /sónce/ <!--Russian-->
| со́нце || sónce <!--Ukrainian-->
| слъ́нце || slǝ́nce <!--Bulgarian-->
| slunce <!--Czech-->
| slnko, (arch.) slnce <!--Slovak-->
| słońce <!--Polish-->
| sunce || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| sọ̑nce <!--Slovenian-->
| сонце || sonce <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! moon
|*luna, *měsęcь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| луна́, ме́сяц || luná, m'és'ac <!--Russian-->
| місяць || mís'ac' <!--Ukrainian-->
| луна́, месец, месечина || luná, mesec, mesečina <!--Bulgarian-->
| měsíc <!--Czech-->
| mesiac, (poet.) luna<!--Slovak-->
| księżyc, OPl. miesiąc <!--Polish-->
| m(j)esec || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mẹ́sec <!--Slovenian-->
| месечина || mesečina <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! star
|*gvězda<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| звезда́ || zv'ezdá <!--Russian-->
| зірка || zírka <!--Ukrainian-->
| звезда́ || zvezdá <!--Bulgarian-->
| hvězda <!--Czech-->
| hviezda <!--Slovak-->
| gwiazda <!--Polish-->
| zv(ij)ezda || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zvẹ́zda <!--Slovenian-->
| ѕвезда || dzvezda <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! water
|*vodà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. ā (c)
| вода́ || vodá (acc. vódu) <!--Russian-->
| вода́ || vodá <!--Ukrainian-->
| вода́ || vodá <!--Bulgarian-->
| voda <!--Czech-->
| voda <!--Slovak-->
| woda <!--Polish-->
| |vòda (acc. vȍdu) || vodȁ (acc. vȍdu) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vóda <!--Slovenian-->
| вода || voda <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! rain
|*dъždь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| дождь || dožd' /došš', došt'/ <!--Russian-->
| дощ || došč <!--Ukrainian-->
| дъжд || dǝžd <!--Bulgarian-->
| déšť <!--Czech-->
| dážď <!--Slovak-->
| deszcz, OPl. deżdż (gen. deszczu/dżdżu) <!--Polish-->
| kiša, dažd || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dǝž <!--Slovenian-->
| дожд || dožd <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! river
|*rěka<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| река́ || r'eká <!--Russian-->
| рі́чка || ríčka <!--Ukrainian-->
| река́ || reká <!--Bulgarian-->
| řeka <!--Czech-->
| rieka <!--Slovak-->
| rzeka <!--Polish-->
| r(ij)eka || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rẹ́ka <!--Slovenian-->
| река || reka <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! lake
|*(j)ezero<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| о́зеро || óz'ero <!--Russian-->
| о́зеро || ózero <!--Ukrainian-->
| е́зеро || ézero <!--Bulgarian-->
| jezero <!--Czech-->
| jazero <!--Slovak-->
| jezioro <!--Polish-->
| jezero || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| jẹ́zero <!--Slovenian-->
| езеро || ezero <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! sea
|*more, *morě<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мо́ре || mór'e <!--Russian-->
| мо́ре || móre <!--Ukrainian-->
| море́ || moré <!--Bulgarian-->
| moře <!--Czech-->
| more <!--Slovak-->
| morze <!--Polish-->
| more || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mọ̑rje <!--Slovenian-->
| море || more <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! salt
|*solь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| соль || sol' <!--Russian-->
| сіль || sil' <!--Ukrainian-->
| сол || sol <!--Bulgarian-->
| sůl <!--Czech-->
| soľ <!--Slovak-->
| sól <!--Polish-->
| so(l) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| sọ̑l <!--Slovenian-->
| сол || sol <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! stone
|*kamy<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ка́мень || kám'en' <!--Russian-->
| ка́мінь || kámin' <!--Ukrainian-->
| ка́мък, камъни (pl.) || kámǝk, kamǝni (pl.) <!--Bulgarian-->
| kámen <!--Czech-->
| kameň <!--Slovak-->
| kamień (dim. kamyk) <!--Polish-->
| kamen || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| kamen <!--Slovenian-->
| камен || kamen <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! sand
|*pěsъkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| песо́к || p'esók <!--Russian-->
| пісо́к || pisók <!--Ukrainian-->
| пя́сък || pjásǝk <!--Bulgarian-->
| písek <!--Czech-->
| piesok <!--Slovak-->
| piasek <!--Polish-->
| p(ij)esak || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pẹ́sek <!--Slovenian-->
| песок || pesok <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! dust
|*porxъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| пыль || pyl' <!--Russian-->
| пил || pyl <!--Ukrainian-->
| прах || prax <!--Bulgarian-->
| prach <!--Czech-->
| prach <!--Slovak-->
| pył, kurz, proch <!--Polish-->
| prašina, prah || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| prah <!--Slovenian-->
| прав, прашина || prav, prašina <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! earth
|*zemľà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| f. jā (b/c)
| земля́ || z'eml'á <!--Russian-->
| земля́ || zeml'á <!--Ukrainian-->
| земя́ || zemjá <!--Bulgarian-->
| země <!--Czech-->
| zem, zemina <!--Slovak-->
| ziemia <!--Polish-->
| zèmlja (acc. zȅmlju) || zemļȁ (acc. zȅmļu) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zémlja <!--Slovenian-->
| земја || zemja <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! way
|*pǫ̃tь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. i (b)
| путь || put' <!--Russian-->
| шлях || šl'ax <!--Ukrainian-->
| път || pǝt <!--Bulgarian-->
| pouť (fem.)<ref group="table" name="pilgrimage">"pilgrimage, journey"</ref> <!--Czech-->
| cesta, púť (<ref group="table" name="pilgrimage" />) <!--Slovak-->
| droga, (arch. pątnik <ref group=table>"pilgrim"</ref>) OPl. pąć <!--Polish-->
| pȗt (púta) || pũt (pũta) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pǫ́t <!--Slovenian-->
| пат || pat <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! mountain
|*gorà<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| fem. ā (c)
| гора́ || gorá <!--Russian-->
| гора́ || horá <!--Ukrainian-->
| гора́, планина || gorá,<ref group=table>"woods"</ref> planina <!--Bulgarian-->
| hora <!--Czech-->
| hora <!--Slovak-->
| góra <!--Polish-->
| gòra (gȍru), planina || gorȁ (gȍru) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| góra <!--Slovenian-->
| гора, планина || gora, planina <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! cloud
|*tǫča<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ту́ча, о́блако || túča, óblako <!--Russian-->
| хмара || xmára <!--Ukrainian-->
| о́блак || óblak <!--Bulgarian-->
| oblak <!--Czech-->
| oblak, mrak <!--Slovak-->
| chmura, obłok <!--Polish-->
| oblak || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| oblák <!--Slovenian-->
| облак || oblak <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! fog
| *mьglà
|
| мгла, туман || mgla, tuman <!--Russian-->
| імла, туман, мряковина || imlá, tumán, mr'ákovyna <!--Ukrainian-->
| мъгла́ || mǝglá <!--Bulgarian-->
| mlha <!--Czech-->
| hmla <!--Slovak-->
| mgła <!--Polish-->
| magla || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| megla <!--Slovenian-->
| магла || magla <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! sky
| *nȅbo<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| не́бо || n'ebo <!--Russian-->
| не́бо || nébo<!--Ukrainian-->
| небе́ || nebé <!--Bulgarian-->
| nebe <!--Czech-->
| nebo <!--Slovak-->
| niebo <!--Polish-->
| nebo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nebọ̑ <!--Slovenian-->
| небо || nebo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! wind
|*vě̀trъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| m. o (a)
| ве́тер || v'ét'er <!--Russian-->
| вітер || víter <!--Ukrainian-->
| вя́тър || vjátǝr <!--Bulgarian-->
| vítr <!--Czech-->
| vietor <!--Slovak-->
| wiatr <!--Polish-->
| v(j)ȅtar (v(j)ȅtra) || vȉtar (vȉtra) <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| vệtǝr <!--Slovenian-->
| ветер || veter <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! snow
|*sněgъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| снег || sn'eg <!--Russian-->
| сніг || snih <!--Ukrainian-->
| сняг || snjag <!--Bulgarian-->
| sníh <!--Czech-->
| sneh <!--Slovak-->
| śnieg <!--Polish-->
| sn(ij)eg || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| snẹ́g <!--Slovenian-->
| снег || sneg <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! frost
|*mòrzъ <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| моро́з || moróz <!--Russian-->
| моро́з || moróz <!--Ukrainian-->
| мраз || mraz <!--Bulgarian-->
| mráz <!--Czech-->
| mráz <!--Slovak-->
| mróz <!--Polish-->
| mrȁz || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mrȁz <!--Slovenian-->
| мраз || mraz <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! ice
|*ledъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| лёд || l'od <!--Russian-->
| лід || lid <!--Ukrainian-->
| лед || led <!--Bulgarian-->
| led <!--Czech-->
| ľad <!--Slovak-->
| lód <!--Polish-->
| led || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| lẹ́d <!--Slovenian-->
| лед || led <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! smoke
|*dymъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| дым || dym <!--Russian-->
| дим || dym <!--Ukrainian-->
| дим, пу́шек || dim, púšek <!--Bulgarian-->
| dým <!--Czech-->
| dym <!--Slovak-->
| dym <!--Polish-->
| dim || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dim <!--Slovenian-->
| чад, дим || čad, dim <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! fire
|*ognь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ого́нь || ogón' <!--Russian-->
| вого́нь || vohón' <!--Ukrainian-->
| о́гън || ógǝn <!--Bulgarian-->
| oheň <!--Czech-->
| oheň <!--Slovak-->
| ogień (ognia) <!--Polish-->
| vatra, oganj || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ogenj <!--Slovenian-->
| оган || ogan <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! ash
|*pepelъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| пе́пел || p'ép'el <!--Russian-->
| попіл || pópil <!--Ukrainian-->
| пе́пел || pépel <!--Bulgarian-->
| popel <!--Czech-->
| popol <!--Slovak-->
| popiół <!--Polish-->
| pepeo || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pepẹ́l <!--Slovenian-->
| пепел || pepel <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! to burn
|*gorěti, *paliti<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| горе́ть || gor'ét' <!--Russian-->
| горіти || horíty <!--Ukrainian-->
| горя́, паля́ || gorjá, paljá <!--Bulgarian-->
| hořet <!--Czech-->
| horieť <!--Slovak-->
| palić, arch. gorzeć <!--Polish-->
| goreti/goriti || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| gorẹ́ti <!--Slovenian-->
| да гори || da gori <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! (dark) red
|*čьrmьnъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| || č'er'emnój/č'er'ómnyj (dial.)<ref group=table>"red-haired, ginger"</ref> <!--Russian-->
| червоний || červónyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| червено || červeno <!--Bulgarian-->
| (arch.) čermný/črmný (Kott) <!--Czech-->
| čermák (person with a red-brown face, hair) <!--Slovak-->
| (dial. czermny) <!--Polish-->
| crveno || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| črmljen <!--Slovenian-->
| црвено || crveno <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! (bright) red
|*čьrv(j)enъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| || č'er'evl'onyj (obs.)<ref group=table>"dark red"</ref> <!--Russian-->
| червоний || červónyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| черве́н || červén <!--Bulgarian-->
| červený <!--Czech-->
| červený <!--Slovak-->
| czerwony, czerwień <!--Polish-->
| cr̀ven || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rdeč <!--Slovenian-->
| црвен/но/на/ни || crven/no/na/ni <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! green
|*zelènъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (b)
| зелёный || z'el'ónyj <!--Russian-->
| зелений || zelényj <!--Ukrainian-->
| зеле́н || zelén <!--Bulgarian-->
| zelený <!--Czech-->
| zelený <!--Slovak-->
| zielony, zieleń <!--Polish-->
| zèlen, zelèna, zelèno || zelẽn, zelenȁ, zelenȍ <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zelèn, zeléna <!--Slovenian-->
| зелен/но/на/ни || zelen/no/na/ni <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! yellow
|*žьltъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| жёлтый || žóltyj <!--Russian-->
| жовтий || žóvtyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| жълт || žǝlt <!--Bulgarian-->
| žlutý <!--Czech-->
| žltý <!--Slovak-->
| żółty, żółć, żółcień <!--Polish-->
| žȗt, f. žúta || žȗt, f. žūtȁ, n. žȗto <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| rumén, žȏłt, žółta <!--Slovenian-->
| жолт/то/та/ти || żolt/то/та/ти <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! white
|*bělъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| бе́лый || b'élyj <!--Russian-->
| білий || bílyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| бял || bjal <!--Bulgarian-->
| bílý <!--Czech-->
| biely <!--Slovak-->
| biały, biel <!--Polish-->
| b(ij)eli || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| bẹ́l <!--Slovenian-->
| бел/о/а/и || bel/о/а/и <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! black
|*čьrnъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| чёрный || č'órnyj <!--Russian-->
| чорний || čórnyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| че́рен || čéren <!--Bulgarian-->
| černý <!--Czech-->
| ťierny <!--Slovak-->
| czarny, czerń <!--Polish-->
| crn || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| črn <!--Slovenian-->
| црн/о/а/и || crn/о/а/и <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! night
|*noktь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ночь || noč' <!--Russian-->
| ніч || nič <!--Ukrainian-->
| нощ || nošt <!--Bulgarian-->
| noc <!--Czech-->
| noc <!--Slovak-->
| noc <!--Polish-->
| noć || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nọ̑č <!--Slovenian-->
| ноќ || nokj <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! day
|*dьnь<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| день || d'en' <!--Russian-->
| день || den' <!--Ukrainian-->
| ден || den <!--Bulgarian-->
| den <!--Czech-->
| deň <!--Slovak-->
| dzień <!--Polish-->
| dan (dana) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dan (dnẹ́, dnẹ́va) <!--Slovenian-->
| ден || den <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! year
|*godъ, *rokъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| год || god <!--Russian-->
| рік || rik <!--Ukrainian-->
| годи́на || godína <!--Bulgarian-->
| rok <!--Czech-->
| rok <!--Slovak-->
| rok(pl.lata), godzina<ref group=table>"hour"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| godina || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| lẹ́to <!--Slovenian-->
| година || godina <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! warm
|*teplъ, *toplъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| тёплый || t'óplyj <!--Russian-->
| теплий || téplyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| то́пло || tóplo <!--Bulgarian-->
| teplý <!--Czech-->
| teplý <!--Slovak-->
| ciepły <!--Polish-->
| topao || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| toplo <!--Slovenian-->
| топло || toplo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! cool, cold
|*xoldьnъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o (c)
| холо́дный || xolódnyj <!--Russian-->
| холо́дний|| xolódnyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| хла́д/ен(но/на/ни), студен(о/а/и) || xlád/en (no/na/ni), studen(o/a/i) <!--Bulgarian-->
| chladný <!--Czech-->
| chladný, studený <!--Slovak-->
| chłodny <!--Polish-->
| hládan || hlå̑dan <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| hládǝn <!--Slovenian-->
| ладно || ladno <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! full
|*pьlnъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| по́лный || pólnyj <!--Russian-->
| по́вний || póvnyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| пъ́лен || pǝ́len <!--Bulgarian-->
| plný <!--Czech-->
| plný <!--Slovak-->
| pełny, pełen <!--Polish-->
| pun || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pọ̑łn <!--Slovenian-->
| полн || poln <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! new
|*novъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| но́вый || nóvyj <!--Russian-->
| новий || novýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| нов || nov <!--Bulgarian-->
| nový <!--Czech-->
| novy <!--Slovak-->
| nowy <!--Polish-->
| nov || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| nov <!--Slovenian-->
| нов || nov <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! old
|*starъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ста́рый || stáryj <!--Russian-->
| старий || starýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| стар || star <!--Bulgarian-->
| starý <!--Czech-->
| starý <!--Slovak-->
| stary <!--Polish-->
| star || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| star <!--Slovenian-->
| стар || star <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! good
|*dobrъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| хоро́ший, добрый || xoróš'ij, dobryj <!--Russian-->
| добрий || dóbryj <!--Ukrainian-->
| добъ́р || dobǝ́r <!--Bulgarian-->
| dobrý <!--Czech-->
| dobrý <!--Slovak-->
| dobry <!--Polish-->
| dobar || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dọ̑ber <!--Slovenian-->
| добар, добро || dobar, dobro <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! bad
|*zъlъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| adj. o
| злой || zloj <!--Russian-->
| злий, поганий || zlyj, pohányj <!--Ukrainian-->
| лош, зъл || loš, зǝ́л <!--Bulgarian-->
| zlý <!--Czech-->
| zlý <!--Slovak-->
| zły <!--Polish-->
| loš, zȁo, zlȁ, zlȍ ||<!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zli, zlà, zlo <!--Slovenian-->
| лош, зол, зла || loš, zol, zla <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! rotten
|*gnjilъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| гнило́й || gn'ilój <!--Russian-->
| гнилий || hnylýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| гнил || gnil <!--Bulgarian-->
| shnilý <!--Czech-->
| zhnitý <!--Slovak-->
| zgniły <!--Polish-->
| truo, gnjilo ||<!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| gnil <!--Slovenian-->
| гнил || gnil <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! dirty
| <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| гря́зный || gr'áznyj <!--Russian-->
| брудний || brudnýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| мръ́сен || mrǝ́sen <!--Bulgarian-->
| špinavý <!--Czech-->
| špinavý <!--Slovak-->
| brudny <!--Polish-->
| prljav || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| umázan <!--Slovenian-->
| валкано || valkan <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! straight
|*prostъ, *pravъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| прямо́й || pr'amój <!--Russian-->
| прямий || pr'amýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| прав || prav <!--Bulgarian-->
| přímý <!--Czech-->
| priamy, rovný <!--Slovak-->
| prosty; prawy,<ref group=table>"righteous"</ref> równy<ref group=table>"even"</ref> <!--Polish-->
| prav || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| raven <!--Slovenian-->
| прав, рамен || prav, ramen <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! round
|*krǫglъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| кру́глый || krúglyj <!--Russian-->
| круглий || krúhlyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| кръ́гъл || krǝ́gǝl <!--Bulgarian-->
| kulatý / okrouhlý <!--Czech-->
| okrúhly <!--Slovak-->
| krągły/okrągły <!--Polish-->
| okrugao || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| okrọ̑gel <!--Slovenian-->
| кружно, округло || kružno, okruglo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! sharp
|*ostrъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| о́стрый || óstryj <!--Russian-->
| го́стрий || hóstryj <!--Ukrainian-->
| о́стър || óstǝr <!--Bulgarian-->
| ostrý <!--Czech-->
| ostrý <!--Slovak-->
| ostry <!--Polish-->
| oštar || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| ọ̑stǝr <!--Slovenian-->
| остро || ostro <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! dull
|*tǫpъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| тупо́й || tupój <!--Russian-->
| тупий || typýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| тъп || tup <!--Bulgarian-->
| tupý <!--Czech-->
| tupý <!--Slovak-->
| tępy <!--Polish-->
| tup || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| tọ̑p <!--Slovenian-->
| тапо || tapo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! smooth
|*gladъkъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| гла́дкий, ро́вный || gládk'ij, róvnyj <!--Russian-->
| гладкий, плавний || hládkyj, plávnyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| гла́дък, ра́вен || gládǝk, ráven <!--Bulgarian-->
| hladký <!--Czech-->
| hladký <!--Slovak-->
| gładki <!--Polish-->
| gladak || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| gladek <!--Slovenian-->
| мазно || mazno <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! wet
|*mokrъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| мо́крый || mókryj <!--Russian-->
| мо́крий || mókryj <!--Ukrainian-->
| мо́кър || mókǝr <!--Bulgarian-->
| mokrý <!--Czech-->
| mokrý <!--Slovak-->
| mokry <!--Polish-->
| mokar || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| mọ̑ker <!--Slovenian-->
| мокро || mokro <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! dry
|*suxъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| сухо́й || suxój <!--Russian-->
| сухий || suxýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| сух || sux <!--Bulgarian-->
| suchý <!--Czech-->
| suchý <!--Slovak-->
| suchy <!--Polish-->
| suh/suv || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| suh <!--Slovenian-->
| суво || suvo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! correct
| <!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| пра́вильный || práv'il'nyj <!--Russian-->
| пра́вильний, вірний || právyl'nyj, vírnyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| пра́вилен || právilen <!--Bulgarian-->
| správný <!--Czech-->
| správny <!--Slovak-->
| poprawny, właściwy, prawilny(slang) <!--Polish-->
| pravilan || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pravílen <!--Slovenian-->
| правилно, точно || pravilno, točno <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! right
|*pravъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| пра́вый || právyj <!--Russian-->
| правий || právyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| де́сен || désen <!--Bulgarian-->
| pravý <!--Czech-->
| pravý <!--Slovak-->
| prawy <!--Polish-->
| desni || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| dẹ́sǝn <!--Slovenian-->
| десно || desno <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! left
|*lěvъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| ле́вый || l'évyj <!--Russian-->|lévyj
| лі́вий || l'ívyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| ляв || ljav <!--Bulgarian-->
| levý <!--Czech-->
| ľavý <!--Slovak-->
| lewy <!--Polish-->
| l(ij)evi || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| lẹ́vi <!--Slovenian-->
| лево || levo <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! far
|*dalekъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| далёкий || dal'ók'ij <!--Russian-->
| далекий || dalékyj <!--Ukrainian-->
| дале́чен || daléčen <!--Bulgarian-->
| daleký <!--Czech-->
| ďaleký <!--Slovak-->
| daleki <!--Polish-->
| dalek || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| daleč, daljen <!--Slovenian-->
| далеку || daleku <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! near
|*blizъ<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| бли́зкий || bl'ízk'ij <!--Russian-->
| близький || blyz'kýj <!--Ukrainian-->
| бли́зък || blízǝk <!--Bulgarian-->
| blízký <!--Czech-->
| blízky <!--Slovak-->
| bliski <!--Polish-->
| blizak || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| blizu <!--Slovenian-->
| близу, блиско || blizu, blisko <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! at
|*pri, *u<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prep./pref.
| при, у || pr'i, u <!--Russian-->
| при, на, в || pry, na, v <!--Ukrainian-->
| при, у, на || pri, u, na <!--Bulgarian-->
| při, u <!--Czech-->
| pri, na <!--Slovak-->
| przy, u <!--Polish-->
| u; u- || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| pri <!--Slovenian-->
| кaj || kaj <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! on
|*na <!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prep.
| на || na <!--Russian-->
| на || na <!--Ukrainian-->
| на || na <!--Bulgarian-->
| při, u <!--Czech-->
| pri, na <!--Slovak-->
| na <!--Polish-->
| na || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| na <!--Slovenian-->
| || <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! in(to)
|*vъ(n)<!--Proto-Slavic-->
| prep.
| в || v; vn- <!--Russian-->
| у, в, ув (dialectal)|| u, v, uv(dialectical) <!--Ukrainian-->
| в(във) || v(vǝv) <!--Bulgarian-->
| v; v(n)- <!--Czech-->
| v/vo, do <!--Slovak-->
| w(e); wn- <!--Polish-->
| u; va- || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| v <!--Slovenian-->
| в || v <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! with
|*sъ(n)<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| с || s <!--Russian-->
| з, із, зо/зі || z, iz, zo/zi <!--Ukrainian-->
| с(със) || s(sǝs) <!--Bulgarian-->
| s <!--Czech-->
| s, so <!--Slovak-->
| z <!--Polish-->
| s(a) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| s, z <!--Slovenian-->
| со || so <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! and
| (j)ь, *a<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| и, а || i, a <!--Russian-->
| і, й, та, а ("but") || i, j, ta, a <!--Ukrainian-->
| и, а || i, a <!--Bulgarian-->
| a, i <!--Czech-->
| a, i <!--Slovak-->
| i, a <!--Polish-->
| i, a || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| in, pa <!--Slovenian-->
| и, а || i, a <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! if
|*(j)ako<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| е́сли || jésl'i <!--Russian-->
| як, якщо́, коли || jam, jakščó, kolý <!--Ukrainian-->
| ако́ || akó <!--Bulgarian-->
| jestli <!--Czech-->
| ak <!--Slovak-->
| jeśli, jeżeli, jak''(coll.)'' <!--Polish-->
| ako, ukoliko || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| če, ko <!--Slovenian-->
| ако || ako <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! because
|*dělja, *dьlja, děljьma<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| потому́ что || potomú čto /što/ <!--Russian-->
| бо, тому що, для (archaic "because of") || bo, tomú ščo, dl'a <!--Ukrainian-->
| защо́то || zaštóto <!--Bulgarian-->
| protože <!--Czech-->
| pretože <!--Slovak-->
| bo, dlatego że, ponieważ, za to,<ref group=table>"for that"</ref> temu, że(coll. or dial.), przeto, że(arch. <!--Polish-->
| zato (što, jer) || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| zatọ̑, zatọ̑ ker <!--Slovenian-->
| затоа што, зашто || zatoa što, zašto <!--Macedonian-->
|-
! name
|*(j)ьmę<!--Proto-Slavic-->
|
| и́мя || ím'a <!--Russian-->
| ім'я || im'á <!--Ukrainian-->
| и́ме || íme <!--Bulgarian-->
| jméno <!--Czech-->
| meno <!--Slovak-->
| imię, arch. miano <!--Polish-->
| ime || <!--Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian-->
| imẹ́ <!--Slovenian-->
| име || ime <!--Macedonian-->
|}
{{Reflist|group=table|20em}}


==Endnotes==
==Endnotes==
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