Ataši: Difference between revisions

Marèngil is a constructed language inspired by both Elvish and Dwarvish, languages spoken by the elves and dwarves respectively in the fictional world of Middle Earth, invented by J. R. R. Tolkien. Thus, the language is spoken by an elf-like people, but of a more hardy stock, akin to the dwarves. The language is highly agglutinative in most modern forms and branches, though there are certain dialects which do not follow such rules. These are heavily influenced by other languages, however, and some state that they are not directly associated with Marêngil. Older root languages have little to no agglutination, with its two main root languages having no agglutination whatsoever.

The phonetic inventory of Marêngil has grown dramatically since the evolution of [[Akaadi]], its main proto-language, resulting in a wide range of consonants and vowels. While most of the phonetic inventory comes from Akaadi, there are a significant differences between the two. [[Bôlzhèqa]], another language from the same world, introduced a number of new sounds, including lateral, uvular and dental consonants, as well as a variety of new vowel sounds.

 

{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 750px; text-align: center;"

! colspan=10|'''Consonants'''

! rowspan=2 colspan=2|

! rowspan=2|Labial

! colspan=2|Alveolar

! rowspan=2|Post-Alveolar

! rowspan=2|Velar

!<small>central</small>

!<small>lateral</small>

! rowspan=2|Plosive

!<small>Aspirated</small>

! colspan=2|Fricative

|'''lh''' /ɬ/

|'''sh''' /ʃ/ '''zh''' /ʒ/

|'''c''' /ɕ/

|'''kh''' /x/

|'''h''' /h/

! colspan=2|Affricate

! colspan=2|Nasal

|'''nn''' /ɲ/

! colspan=2|Tap/Flap

|

! colspan=4|'''Vowels'''

!

! Front

|'''i''' /i/ '''ï''' /i:/

|'''u''' /u/ '''ü''' /u:/

|'''ì''' /ɪ/

|'''à''' /e/ '''ë''' /e:/

|'''è''' /ə/

|'''o''' /o/ '''ö''' /o:/

|'''e''' /ɛ/

*

(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)

* No more than two vowels can occur next to each other in a single world. (e.g.: CV+V+VCC)

* If two vowels occur next to each other, then a y sound will separate them.

* Under no circumstances should two sounds of the same manner of articulation appear adjacent to each other.

* No consonants of the same place of articulation should appear adjacent to each other, excepting central alveolar consonants.

* A fricative cannot be in the same consonant cluster an affricate or vise versa.

Note that there is no grammatical gender preassigned to a given noun. Certain things will take on a gender based on certain implications and information given, such as a dog known to be biologically female. A dog in general will have no gender, but will be marked with "-e" to show that it has gender/sex but that it is unknown. Nouns always end a plosive. When gender is known, a male noun will end in "-o" and a female noun will end in "-ì." It is important to note that only Class I can be assigned a gender, and all others are gender neutral. Of course, gender is irrelevant with case markings, since they appear on opposite ends of a noun.

Nouns are considered to fall under the seven classes below, which give additional information about what kind of noun it is. They are all shown by a suffix which represents class, number and gender.

* '''Class III''' Inanimate Natural (Rocks, wood, stuff of nature, etc.)

* '''Class IV''' Inanimate Unnatural (Tools, human-made things, etc.)

* '''Class V''' Products of the Psyche (Emotions, morals, etc.)

* '''Class VI''' Undeniable Concepts (Happiness, ideas, plans, etc.)

* '''Class VII''' Unknowns (Meaning of life, what's inside a black hole, etc.)

| -t

| -bät

| -at

| -c

| -cat'

| -ac

! Class VI

! Class VII

There are five main noun cases in Marêngil; Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Genitive and Possessed. All the cases come from pronouns; I, you, it, mine and yours respectively. At one point there were separate prepositions, but since then they have lost their individuality. All cases are based around these prepositions. Note that the shown prefixes are not meant to be added on, but are meant to always be the beginning of a word.

{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"

!

!

!

! Nominative

| n-

|

|

! Accusative

| c-

|

|

! Dative

| ul-

|

|

! Genitive

| sh-

|

|

|

! Possessed

| iv-

|

|

! Causal

| l-

|

|

! Comitative

| rh-

|

|

! Instrumental

| s-

|

|

! colspan=4|Physical Postpositions

| -qep

| -qup

| -qib

| -qëp

| -qüp

| -qïb

| -elet

| -elut

| -elid

| -lhek

| -lhuk

| -lhig

| -tlek

| -tluk

| -lhïg

| -zhlex

| -zhlux

| -zhlix

! Soon after

! Long after

===Verbs===

====Tense====

* Infinitive verbs generally do not have any long vowels in them because of the following reason.

* The past tense is shown by a lengthening the vowel of the final syllable.

* The future tense is shown by a suffixation of -lèsh, which comes directly from the word ''lesh'', meaning "up (and out)" since the concept of time is an movement upwards.

* The hypothetical is shown by a suffixation of -ivrät, which is a contraction of ''iv'' and ''ukirät'', meaning "of" and "possibility" respectively. ''Ivrät'' translates roughly to "maybe" in English and is commonly used in conversation.

* The necessitive is a altered form of the verb ''buâl'', "to need".

* The Imperfective and perfective use a auxiliary which became suffixed and altered form. They use the verbs ''cáak'', "to go" and ''yhalik'', "to complete" respectively.

{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4|Tense

!Aspect

!INF

!IMPF

!PRFV

!Present

| -k

| -cak

| -yhak

!Past

| -k

| -cäk

| -yhäk

!Future

| -lèsh

| -cal

| -yhal

!Hypothetical

| -ivrät

| -cavrä

| -yhavrà

 

{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:300px; text-align:center;"

! colspan=7|Conjugation System

! colspan=2|

! colspan=2| Infinitive

| colspan=4|b-

! rowspan=2|Singular

| v-

| l-

| t-

| ml-

| tl-

! rowspan=2|Paucal

! Pers.

| bj-

| bv-

| ft-

! Poss.

! rowspan=2|Plural

| aj-

| av-

| al-

| at-

! Poss.

| maj-

| mat-

{|class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:600px; text-align:center;"

|vek

|

|jék da

|távek

|

|jávek krad

|bílìk

|

|jílìk bláshnad

|bâvnèk

|

|jâvnèk bötivliyhât

|banák

|

|janák banâritì

|benek

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