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IPA for Ufhewat Knrawi: Difference between revisions

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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].


This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island, for other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA guides|Knrawi IPA guides]].
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA keys|Knrawi IPA keys]].


{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="background: none"
{| style="background: none"
|-
|-
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|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|because
|because
|'''m'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mˀ}}</big>
|{{term|mawḿ|ma'''wḿ'''}}
|to mix
|'''m'''an
|'''m'''an
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
|{{term|jna|j'''n'''a}}
|{{term|nias|'''n'''ias}}
|woman
|'''n'''ot
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nˀ}}</big>
|{{term|jna|'''jn'''a}}
|star
|star
|'''n'''ot
|'''n'''ot
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|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}}
|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}}
|wind
|wind
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋˀ}}</big>
|{{term|wga|'''wg'''a}}
|long
|sa'''ng'''
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|-
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|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|south
|south
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rˀ}}</big>
|{{term|jrn|'''jr'''n}}
|land
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
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|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|corner
|corner
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big>
|{{term|wvg|'''wv'''g}}
|to reach
|ha'''v'''e
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|-
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|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|jasper
|jasper
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰˀ}}</big>
|{{term|hyg|'''hy'''g}}
|cold
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|kaau|k'''aa'''u}}
|???
|five
|f'''a'''ther
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|waay|w'''aa'''y}}
|???
|moth
|b'''o'''t
|b'''o'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|isji|isj'''i'''}}
|???
|big
|b'''e'''d
|b'''e'''d
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞ː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|ciarcá|c'''ia'''rcá}}
|???
|cobalt
|f'''a'''ce
|f'''a'''ce
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|iarti|'''ia'''rti}}
|???
|salt
|b'''ee'''t
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|tiqíj|t'''i'''qíj}}
|???
|to dry up
|k'''ö'''nnen ([[w:German language|German]])
|k'''ö'''nnen ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞ː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|jaqia|jaq'''ia'''}}
|???
|wild cannabis
|Sch'''ö'''n ([[w:German language|German]])
|Sch'''ö'''n ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
Line 233: Line 259:
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|pùa|p'''ùa'''}}
|???
|liver
|b'''oo'''t
|b'''oo'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|y}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|y}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|wi|w'''i'''}}
|???
|child
|'''ü'''ppig ([[w:German language|German]])
|'''ü'''ppig ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|yː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|yː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|qhia|qh'''ia'''}}
|???
|day
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]])
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]])
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
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==Differences from standard Knrawi==
==Differences from standard Knrawi==
**/n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
**⫽n⫽ and ⫽ŋ⫽ do not assimilate.
*/θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
*⫽θ,θʰ⫽ are realized as [s,sʰ].
**Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
**Labialized ⫽θ,θʰ⫽ are realized as [f,h].
*/k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
*⫽k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ⫽ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
*/k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
*⫽k̠,k̠ʰ⫽ are realized as [k,kʰ].
*/x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
*sequences of ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r].
**Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
***Sequences of ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
*/ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
*⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [r].
*/ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
**Labialized ⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
**/θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
*⫽ɉ⫽ is realized as [ɰ].
*⫽ˣ⫽ is realized as [ʰ].
**⫽θˣ,x̟ˣ⫽ (including labialized ⫽θˣ⫽) are realized as [x].
*Fortition does not occur.
*Fortition does not occur.
*Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
*Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
*Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
*Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
**Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
**Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
*⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [i,u].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
**Unstressed ⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
***Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [j,w] before vowels.
**⫽ɪɪ,ʊʊ⫽ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying ⫽ʍ⫽).
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
*Unstressed ⫽a⫽ and [ə] are realized as
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[ə] if not [o̞].
**[ə] if not [o̞].
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː]
*Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and ⫽a⫽ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
*Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [əː] or [o̞ː] respectively.
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
*/˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
**[e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
*⫽˧˩⫽ is distinct from ⫽˥˩⫽ [˥˧].


[[Category:Knrawi IPA guides]]
[[Category:Knrawi IPA keys|u]]
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