Linguifex

User:Ponzai/Sast: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Ponzai (talk | contribs)
56 edits
started on table of consonant clusters
Ponzai (talk | contribs)
56 edits
→Verbs: did some basic shit
 
(21 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:


-->
-->
A language created for personal practice and potential inclusion in the Conglomera project.
A language created for personal practice and fun!


==Background==
==Background==
Line 25: Line 25:
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Consonant inventory
Line 128: Line 127:
<!--All syllables have the following structure
<!--All syllables have the following structure
* '''(F)C(V)V((F)P)'''-->
* '''(F)C(V)V((F)P)'''-->
There are three types of syllables in Sast: precursory, subsequent and amalgam. Generally speaking, precursory and subsequent syllables come in pairs, whereas amalgam syllables come on their own. Note how the amalgam syllable is very similar to a precursory-subsequent syllable pair.  
There are three types of syllables in Sast: precursory, subsequent and amalgam. Generally speaking, precursory and subsequent syllables come in pairs, whereas amalgam syllables come on their own. Note how the amalgam syllable is very similar to a precursory-subsequent syllable pair. The hyphen in the subsequent syllable represents a glottal stop, as all subsequent syllables start with one.
*Precursory: '''(F)CV'''
*Precursory: '''(F)CV'''
*Subsequent: '''-V((F)P)'''
*Subsequent: '''-V((F)P)'''
*Amalgam: '''(F)CV((F)P)'''
*Amalgam: '''(F)CV((F)P)'''
====Consonant clusters====
====Consonant clusters====
Certain consonant clusters never occur, due to their difficulty in pronounciation. Others are rare, but still do occur.
Certain consonant clusters never occur, due to their difficulty in pronounciation. Others are rare, but still do occur.
Line 137: Line 137:
! colspan=22 | Consonant clusters
! colspan=22 | Consonant clusters
|-
|-
! Consonants
!
| p || b || tt || dd || t || d || k || g || - || f || v || tz || th || s || ss || z || sj || h || l || w || r
! p !! b !! t̪ !! d̪ !! t !! d !! k !! g !! ʔ !! f !! v !! θ !! ð !! s !! ç !! ʝ !! ɧ !! h !! ɬ !! ⱱ !! ɾ
 
|-
! p  
| - || - || - || - || - || - || style="background:mistyrose"| pk || - || - || pf || pv || pθ || pð || ps || pç ||style="background:mistyrose"|  pʝ || pɧ || - || pɬ || - || pɾ
|-
! b  
| - || - || - || style="background:mistyrose"| bd̪ || - || - || - || - || - || style="background:mistyrose"| bf || bv || bθ || bð || bs || bç || bʝ || bɧ || - ||style="background:mistyrose"|  bɬ || - || bɾ
|-
! t̪
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || t̪f || t̪v || t̪θ || t̪ð || style="background:mistyrose"| t̪s || t̪ç ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! d̪
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! t  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||
|-
! d  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
! k  
|  ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! g  
| ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-  
! ʔ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! f  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||
|-
! v  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! θ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || || || ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! ð
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! s  
|  ||  || || || || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! ç
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! ʝ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! ɧ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! h  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! ɬ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
! ⱱ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! ɾ
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
|}
|}


===Orthography===
===Orthography===
Line 147: Line 209:
! style="width: 50px;" colspan="2"| Orthography
! style="width: 50px;" colspan="2"| Orthography
|-
|-
! IPA !! Romanized
! IPA !! Digraphic
|-
|-
| p || P p
| p || P p
Line 177: Line 239:
| s || S s
| s || S s
|-
|-
| ç || Ss ss
| ç || Sh sh
|-
|-
| ʝ || Z z
| ʝ || Z z
Line 216: Line 278:


Nouns inflect differently based on gender, and verbs inflect for the gender of the subject.
Nouns inflect differently based on gender, and verbs inflect for the gender of the subject.
''Note: the genders need reworking. There are still going to be 4, but I will probably change inanimate to neuter or something like that''


====Case====
====Case====
Line 223: Line 287:
Subjects are written in nominative form, whereas both accusative and dative objects are written in accusative form.
Subjects are written in nominative form, whereas both accusative and dative objects are written in accusative form.
The case of a noun affects its suffix in most cases.<br />
The case of a noun affects its suffix in most cases.<br />
Generally, the accusative contains fricatives, while the nominative does not. This is however not always the case.
Generally, the accusative contains fricatives, while the nominative does not. This is however not always the case.<br />
Note that there is no genetive form, but rather a genitive particle. This is covered in the ''adverbials'' section.


====Number====
====Number====
Line 232: Line 297:
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Gender↓
! rowspan="3" | Gender↓
! style="480" colspan="6" | Case
! style="480" colspan="6" | Case & Number
|-
|-
! style="width: 240px" colspan="3" | Nominative  
! style="width: 240px" colspan="3" | Nominative  
Line 256: Line 321:
| -udd
| -udd
| rowspan="2" | -usjk
| rowspan="2" | -usjk
| -usst
| -usht
| -ussd
| -ushd
| rowspan="2" | -ilk
| rowspan="2" | -ilk
|-
|-
Line 295: Line 360:
! style="" | Plural
! style="" | Plural
|-
|-
! style="width: 70px" rowspan="4" | Subject
! style="width: 70px" rowspan="4" | Nominative
! style="width: 70px" | Inanimate
! style="width: 70px" | Inanimate
| N/A
| N/A
Line 308: Line 373:
|-
|-
! style="" | Feminine
! style="" | Feminine
| Ssa
| Sha
| style="" rowspan="2"| Zki
| style="" rowspan="2"| Zki
| style="" rowspan="2"| Sku
| style="" rowspan="2"| Sku
Line 315: Line 380:
|  style="" rowspan="2"| Di-i
|  style="" rowspan="2"| Di-i
| Vzo-i
| Vzo-i
|  style="" rowspan="2"|Tzssi
|  style="" rowspan="2"|Tzshi
|  style="" rowspan="2"|Tatt
|  style="" rowspan="2"|Tatt
|-
|-
Line 331: Line 396:
| style="" colspan="2" |
| style="" colspan="2" |
|-
|-
! style="" rowspan="4" | Object
! style="" rowspan="4" | Accusative
! style="" | Inanimate
! style="" | Inanimate
|
|
Line 373: Line 438:


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs in Sast have 5 tenses and 3 aspects, as well as 4 moods that do not inflect further.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 600px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 50px;" colspan="4"| Verb tenses
|-
! Tenses || style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Simple || style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Progressive || style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Habitual
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Past || || ||
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Pre-hodiernal || || ||
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Present || || ||
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Post-hodiernal ||  || ||
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Future || || ||
|-
! style="width: 50px;" colspan="4"| Other moods
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Imperative || -aki- || style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Negative || -ego-
|-
| style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Interogative || -ili- || style="background:#e0e0ff;" | Subjunctive || -atz
|}


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
 
===Adverbs===
Adverbs
===Particles===
Particles
As particles are much more situational they will not displayed in a table, but rather be listed and explained.
Derivational morphology
====The relative particle====
 
To mark the beginning of of a noun clause
 


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Line 389: Line 475:
*Example: I am following him with courage -> I him following with courage.
*Example: I am following him with courage -> I him following with courage.


'''Sentential arguments''' are formed using a relative suffix on the verb of the primary clause.
'''Noun clauses''' are formed using the relative particle "la" to mark the start of a noun clause and the end particle "tza" to end it.
*Example: I thought-that
*Example: I think that following people is wrong -> I "la" people following "tza" wrong is.


'''Relative clauses''' are formed using a relative suffix on the subject of the clause.
*Example: I am following him with courage in my heart -> I him following with courage-which is in my heart.


====Subordinate clauses====
====Subordinate clauses====
=====Adverbials=====
=====Adverbials=====
=====Sentential arguments=====
=====Noun phrases=====
=====Relative clauses=====
 
==Derivational morphology==
Derivations are done using either suffixes or infixes before the last syllable.
===Nouns===
*''Verb-to-noun'' is done by infixing "asj" before the last syllable.
*''Adjective-to-noun'' is done by suffixing "ash".
*''Maker'', implying the doer of an action or the maker of an object is done by infixing "ttip".
*''Recipient'', implying the object of a specific action is marked by infixing "dab".
 
===Verbs===
===Adjectives===
===Adverbs===
 
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/User:Ponzai/Sast"