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Neo-Kurdish: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = Neo-Kurdish language
| name = Neo-Kurdish language
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| fam4 = [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian group]]
| fam4 = [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian group]]
| fam5 = [[Kurdish languages |Kurdish languages]]
| fam5 = [[Kurdish languages |Kurdish languages]]
| map = [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg (3).png|thumb]]
| map = File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg (3).png
|mapcaption = The Kurdish flag}}
|mapcaption = The Kurdish flag}}


'''Neo-Kurdish''', natively '''Nûkurdî''', is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian group]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European family]]. The goal of this project is to unify all Kurds with a single language. As of 2023, Kurds are very divided in a huge variety of dialects and/or languages, which makes it hard for Kurds of different regions to communicate with each other.
'''Neo-Kurdish''', natively '''Nûkurdî''', is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian group]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European family]]. The goal of this project is to unify all Kurds with a single language. As of 2023, Kurds are very divided in a huge variety of dialects and/or languages, which makes it hard for Kurds of different regions to communicate with each other.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!
! Bilabial
! Labiodental
! Linguolabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Postalveolar
! Retroflex
! Palatal
! Velar
! Uvular
! Phar./Epig.
! Glottal
|-
! Nasal
| align="right" |m
|
|
| align="center" colspan="3" | ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ n
|
|
|
| align="right" |ŋ
|
|
|-
! Plosive
| align="center" |p‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ b
|
|
| align="center" colspan="3" |t ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ d
|
| c
| align="center" |k ‌ ‌ ‌ g
| q
|
| ʔ
|-
! Sibilant affricate
|
|
|
| colspan="2" align="right" |ts ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ dz
| align="center" |t∫ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ dʒ
|
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|-
! Non-sibilant affricate
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|-
! Sibilant fricative
|
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|
| colspan="2" align="right" |s ‌  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ z
| align="center" |∫ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ʒ
|
|
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|-
! Non-sibilant fricative
| align="right" |β
|
|
| align="center" |θ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ð
| align="right" |ð̠
|
|
|
| align="center" |x ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ɣ
|
| align="center" |ħ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ʕ
| h
|-
! Approximant
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|-
! Tap/Flap
|
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| colspan="3" align="center" | ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ɾ
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|-
! Trill
|
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|
| colspan="3" align="center" | ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ r
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|-
! Lateral affricate
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|-
! Lateral fricative
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|-
! Lateral approximant
|
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| colspan="3" align="center" | ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ l
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|-
! Lateral tap/flap
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|}
 


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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-->
-->
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
Neo-Kurdish nouns are inflected as in the tables below:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! ‌
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a consonant'''
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a vowel'''
|-
!
! I
! II
! I, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe 2
! I
! II
! I, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe 2
|-
! Sj, Sg
| ‌
| -ek<br/>ـەک
| -í<br/>  ِ
| colspan="2" align="center" |-ekí<br/>ـەکِ
| ‌
| -yek<br/>ـیەک
| -ý<br/>  ِ
| colspan="2" align="center" |-yekí<br/>ـیەکِ
|-
! Oj, Sg
| -ê<br/>ـێ
| -êk<br/>ـێک
| -é<br/>ـێِ
| -êkí<br/>ـێکِ
| -eké<br/>ـەکێِ
| -yê<br/>ـیێ
| -yêk<br/>ـیێک
| -yé<br/>ـیێِ
| -yêkí<br/>ـیێکِ
| -yeké<br/>ـیەکێِ
|-
! Sj, Pl
| ‌
| -an<br/>ـان
| -í<br/>  ِ
| -ín<br/>ـِن
| -aní<br/>ـانِ
| ‌
| -yan<br/>ـیان
| -ý<br/>  ِ
| -yín<br/>ـیِن
| -yaní<br/>ـیانِ
|-
! Oj, Pl
| -ê<br/>ـێ
| -anê<br/>ـانێ
| -é<br/>ـێِ
| -én<br/>ـێِن
| -ané<br/>ـانێِ
| -yê<br/>ـیێ
| -yanê<br/>ـیانێ
| -yé<br/>ـیێِ
| -yén<br/>ـیێِن
| -yané<br/>ـیانێِ
|}
Now with two examples of each category:
Řoj - day, sun; Name - letter, document
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! ‌
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a consonant (řoj)'''
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a vowel (name)'''
|-
!
! I
! II
! I, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe 2
! I
! II
! I, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe
! II, Ezafe 2
|-
! Sj, Sg
| řoj<br/>ڕۆژ
| řojek<br/>ڕۆژەک
| řojí<br/>ڕۆژِ
| colspan="2" align="center" |řojekí<br/>ڕۆژەکِ
| name<br/>نامە
| nameyek<br/>نامەیەک
| nameý<br/>نامەِ
| colspan="2" align="center" |nameyekí<br/>نامەیەکِ
|-
! Oj, Sg
| řojê<br/>ڕۆژێ
| řojêk<br/>ڕۆژێک
| řojé<br/>ڕۆژێِ
| řojêkí<br/>ڕۆژێکِ
| řojeké<br/>ڕۆژەکێِ
| nameyê<br/>نامەیێ
| nameyêk<br/>نامەیێک
| nameyé<br/>نامەیێِ
| nameyêkí<br/>نامەیێکِ
| nameyeké<br/>نامەیەکێِ
|-
! Sj, Pl
| řoj<br/>ڕۆژ
| řojan<br/>ڕۆژان
| řojí<br/>ڕۆژِ
| řojín<br/>نامەِن
| řojaní<br/>ڕۆژانِ
| name<br/>نامە
| nameyan<br/>نامەیان
| nameý<br/>نامەِ
| nameyín<br/>نامەیِن
| nameyaní<br/>نامەیانِ
|-
! Oj, Pl
| řojê<br/>ڕۆژێ
| řojanê<br/>ڕۆژانێ
| řojé<br/>ڕۆژێِ
| řojén<br/>ڕۆژێِن
| řojané<br/>ڕۆژانێِ
| nameyê<br/>نامەیێ
| nameyanê<br/>نامەیانێ
| nameyé<br/>نامەیێِ
| nameyén<br/>نامەیێِن
| nameyané<br/>نامەیانێِ
|}
The difference between I and II depends on number. If the noun is in singular form, I indicates a definite noun, whereas II indicates an indefinite noun unless it is accompanied by an article (řoj - day; řojek - a day; ew řojek - that day). If the noun is in plural form however, I indicates a noun that is defined by a number and II indicates a noun without a number (sê řoj - three days; řojan - days). However it is not seen as wrong if for the object case one uses the II. form even if it is accompanied by a number, for example: "Two days ago" can be translated to either "Berî du řojê" or "Berî du řojanê".


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
===Personal Pronouns===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" align="center" |Rectus
! colspan="1" align="center" |Obliquus
! colspan= align="center" |Possessive
|-
| '''1PS''' || ez<br/>ئەز || min<br/>مٕن || -m<br/>ـم
|-
| '''2PS''' || tu<br/>تو || te<br/>تە || -t<br/>ـت
|-
| '''3PSm''' || đo<br/>ڎۆ || vî/wî<br/>ڤی/وی || -ş<br/>ـش
|-
| '''3PSf''' || đe<br/>ڎە || vê/wê<br/>ڤێ/وێ || -ş<br/>ـش
|-
| '''1PP''' || ême<br/>ئێمە || ma<br/>ما || -man<br/>ـمان
|-
| '''2PP''' || şime<br/>شٕمە || şima<br/>شٕما || -tan<br/>ـتان
|-
| '''3PP''' || đê<br/>ڎێ || van/wan<br/>ڤان/وان || -şan<br/>ـشان
|}
===Verbs===
Conjunction of regular verbs:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! rowspan="2" align="center" |
! colspan="2" align="center" |Stem ending with a vowel
! colspan="2" align="center" |Stem ending with a consonant
|-
! Normal
! Progressive
! Normal
! Progressive
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" |Present Stem
|-
| '''ez<br/>ئەز''' || -m<br/>ـم || -me<br/>ـمە || -im<br/>ـٕم || -ime<br/>ـٕمە
|-
| '''tu<br/>تو''' || -y<br/>ـی || -yê<br/>ـیێ || -î<br/>ـی || -iye<br/>ـؽە
|-
| '''đ<br/>ڎ''' || - || -ye<br/>ـیە || -e<br/>ـە || -eye<br/>ـەیە
|-
| '''ême<br/>ئێمە''' || -yn<br/>ـین || -yne<br/>ـینە || -în<br/>ـین || -îne<br/>ـینە
|-
| '''şime<br/>شٕمە''' || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـنە || -in<br/>ـٕن || -ine<br/>ـٕنە
|-
| '''đê<br/>ڎێ''' || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـنە || -in<br/>ـٕن || -ine<br/>ـٕنە
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" |Participal Stem
|-
| '''ez<br/>ئەز''' || -m<br/>ـم || -me<br/>ـمە || -im<br/>ـٕم || -ime<br/>ـٕمە
|-
| '''tu<br/>تو''' || -yî<br/>ـیی || -yê<br/>ـیێ || -î<br/>ـی || -iye<br/>ـؽە
|-
| '''đ<br/>ڎ''' || - || -we<br/>ـوە || - || -o<br/>ـۆ
|-
| '''ême<br/>ئێمە''' || -yn<br/>ـین || -yne<br/>ـینە || -în<br/>ـین || -îne<br/>ـینە
|-
| '''şime<br/>شٕمە''' || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـنە || -in<br/>ـٕن || -ine<br/>ـٕنە
|-
| '''đê<br/>ڎێ''' || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـنە || -in<br/>ـٕن || -ine<br/>ـٕنە
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" |Partcipe+(y)e Stem
|-
| '''ez<br/>ئەز''' || -m<br/>ـم || -me<br/>ـمە || -m<br/>ـم || -me<br/>ـمە
|-
| '''tu<br/>تو''' || -y<br/>ـی || -yê<br/>ـیێ || -y<br/>ـی || -yê<br/>ـیێ
|-
| '''đ<br/>ڎ''' || - || -w<br/>ـو || - || -w<br/>ـو
|-
| '''ême<br/>ئێمە''' || -yn<br/>ـین || -yne<br/>ـینە || -yn<br/>ـین || -yne<br/>ـینە
|-
| '''şime<br/>شٕمە''' || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـەنە || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـنە
|-
| '''đê<br/>ڎێ''' || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـەنە || -n<br/>ـن || -ne<br/>ـنە
|}
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


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