Linguifex

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions

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| ancestor1        = [[w:Proto-Human language|Proto-Sapiens]] (?)
| ancestor1        = [[w:Proto-Human language|Proto-Sapiens]] (?)
| ancestor2        = [[w:Emiran|Proto-Eurasian]] (?)
| ancestor2        = [[w:Emiran|Proto-Eurasian]] (?)
| ancestor3        = [[w:Southern Dispersal|Proto-Austran]] (?)
| dia1              = Disputed (?)
| dia1              = Disputed (?)
| map              = Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg
| map              = Aurignacian_culture_map-en.svg
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
=== External classification ===


{{clade
{{clade
   |label1=Proto-Sapiens (?)
   |label1=''Homo sapiens'' (?)
   |1={{Clade
   |1={{Clade
       |1=Paleo-African
       |1=Paleoafrican
       |label2=
       |label2=
       |2={{Clade
       |2={{Clade
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                     |label1=Austran
                     |label1=Austran
                     |1={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                         |1=Indo-Pacific
                         |1=Indo-Austro-Pacific
                         |2='''Atlanto-Mediterranean'''
                         |2='''Atlanto-Mediterranean'''
                         }}
                         }}
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                         |1={{clade   
                         |1={{clade   
                           |1=Afroasiatic
                           |1=Afroasiatic
                           |2=Nostratic-Amerindian
                           |2=Nostrato-Amerindian
                           }}
                           }}
                         |label2=
                         |label2=
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                         }}
                         }}
                     }}
                     }}
                  }}
              }}
            }}
        }}
      }}
=== Internal classification ===
{{clade
  |label1='''Atlanto-Mediterranean'''
  |1={{Clade
      |label1=''Homo neanderthalensis'' (?)|state1=dashed
      |1={{clade
        |label1=Eastern European (?)|state1=dashed
            |1={{clade
              |1=xǂəʙ|state1=dashed
              }}
        |label2=Western European (?)|state2=dashed
            |2={{clade
              |1=bǁēɳ|state1=dashed
              |2=ɬándɮa|state2=dashed
              }}
            }}
      |label2=
      |2={{Clade
        |1=Anatolian 
        |label2=
        |2={{Clade
            |1=Pontic
            |label2=European
            |2={{Clade
              |label1=Eastern
              |1={{clade
                  |1=Nordic
                  |2=Alpine|state2=dashed
                  |3=Dinaric
                  }}
              |label2=Western
              |2={{clade
                  |1=Atlantic
                  |2=British|state2=dashed
                  |3=Mediterranean
                   }}
                   }}
               }}
               }}
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       }}
       }}
   }}
   }}
}}


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
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|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="3" |Click
! colspan="3" |Click
|*(ʘ)
|(*ʘ > *pǀ)
|*ǀ
|*ǀ
|*ǃ
|*ǃ
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| colspan="2" |*ǂ
| colspan="2" |*ǂ
|
|
|*(qǂ)
|(*ʞ > *qǂ)
|
|
|
|
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=== Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V] ===
=== Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V] ===


*=əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [indefinite])
*=əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb)
*=ɐʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [imperfective])
 
*=ɨʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [perfective])
{| class="wikitable"
|+Verbal and auxiliar ablaut patterns
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Realis
! rowspan="2" |Irrealis
|-
!Imperfective
!Perfective
|-
! rowspan="2" |Finitive
!Positive
|*-a-
|*-i-
|*-e-
|-
!Negative
|*-ɑ-
|*-u-
|*-o-
|-
! colspan="2" |Infinitive
|*-ɐ-
|*-ɨ-
|*-ə-
|}


=== Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV) ===
=== Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV) ===
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|*nə-dɮə > *ɳə
|*nə-dɮə > *ɳə
|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə
|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Morphosyntactic alignment
!
!Impersonal
!Intransitive
!Transitive
!Ditransitive
|-
!Subject
| -
|Nominative-Absolutive
|Accusative-Ergative
|Accusative-Ergative
|-
!Direct object
| -
| -
|Accusative-Absolutive
|Accusative-Absolutive
|-
!Indirect object
| -
| -
| -
|Dative
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Nominal and pronominal ablaut patterns
!
!Indefinite
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative-Absolutive
|*-e-
|*-a-
|*-i-
|-
!Accusative-Ergative
|*-ə-
|*-ɐ-
|*-ɨ-
|-
!Accusative-Absolutive
|*-o-
|*-ɑ-
|*-u-
|-
!Dative
|*-e- / *-o-
|*-a- / *-ɑ-
|*-i- / *-u-
|-
!Genitive-Oblique
|*-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)-
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)-
|*-i(ː)- / *-u(ː)-
|-
!Vocative
|*-e(ː)- / *-ə(ː)-
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɐ(ː)-
|*-i(ː)- / *-ɨ(ː)-
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Numerals
|+Numerals
! colspan="2" |Numbers
!Cardinal
!Ordinal
|-
|-
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
! rowspan="5" |First set
!1
|
|
|-
|-
| 1 || Example || Example
!2
|
|
|-
|-
| 2 || Example || Example
!3
|
|
|-
|-
| 3 || Example || Example
!4
|
|
|-
!5
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |Second set
!6
|
|
|-
!7
|
|
|-
!8
|
|
|-
|-
| 4 || Example || Example
!9
|
|
|-
|-
| 5 || Example || Example
!10
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |Third set
!11
|
|
|-
!12
|
|
|-
!13
|
|
|-
|-
| 6 || Example || Example
!14
|
|
|-
|-
| 7 || Example || Example
!15
|
|
|-
|-
| 8 || Example || Example
! rowspan="5" |Fourth set
!16
|
|
|-
|-
| 9 || Example || Example
!17
|
|
|-
|-
| 10 || Example || Example
!18
|
|
|-
|-
| 11 || Example || Example
!19
|
|
|-
|-
| 12 || Example || Example
!20
|
|
|}
 
 
== Reconstructed lexicon ==
 
Some possible etymological relationships with other reconstructed language families can be seen in the notes. The captions are as follows: [EA] Eurasiatic, [AA] Afroasiatic, [DC] Sinocaucasian, [AD] Austric and [MK] Macro-Khoisan
 
=== Kinship ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|-
| 13 || Example || Example
|*x1
|mother
|xx
|-
|-
| 14 || Example || Example
|*x2
|father
|xx
|-
|-
| 15 || Example || Example
|*x3
|sister
|xx
|-
|-
| 16 || Example || Example
|*x4
|brother
|xx
|}
 
=== Water ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|-
| 17 || Example || Example
|*x1
|water
|xx
|-
|-
| 18 || Example || Example
|*qwanə *χwanə
|river
|[AA] *qʷ/ḫʷan-
|-
|-
| 19 || Example || Example
|*x3
|lake
|xx
|-
|-
| 20 || Example || Example
|*x4
|xxx
|xx
|}
|}


Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean"