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Oxman: Difference between revisions

Created page with "{{privatelang}} {{ClassMeter |Name = Oxman |NativeName = Oxmansc |Type = Mixed |Alignment = Nominative-Accusative |adjective = final |adposition = final |adverb..."
 
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{{privatelang}}
{{private}}


{{ClassMeter
{{ClassMeter
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=General informations=
=General informations=


[[File:oxmanspeakingarea.png|365px|thumb|right|''Oxmansc-sprekend raum - Oxman speaking area'']]
[[File:oxman speaking-area.png|365px|thumb|right|''Oxmansc-sprekend raum - Oxman speaking area'']]


'''Oxman''' is a Germanic language spoken in the ''Duché du Héron'' (= Shire of Le Héron), a shire that corresponds to the eastern region of Seine-Marirtime in France.
'''Oxman''' is a Germanic language spoken in the ''Duché du Héron'' (= Shire of Le Héron), a shire that corresponds to the eastern region of Seine-Marirtime in France.
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Oxman alphabet uses letters from Latin alphabet and contains 25 characters:
Oxman alphabet uses letters from Latin alphabet and contains 25 characters:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Letters'''
|'''Letters'''
|'''Pronunciation'''
|'''Pronunciation'''
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Oxman language has the following consonantic phonemes:
Oxman language has the following consonantic phonemes:


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 860px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" {{Table/bluetable}} style="width: 860px; "
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
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| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|ŋ
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
|-
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| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|k g
| style="text-align: center;"|k g
| style="text-align: center;"|ʔ
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
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| style="text-align: center;"|s z
| style="text-align: center;"|s z
| style="text-align: center;"|ʃ
| style="text-align: center;"|ʃ
| style="text-align: center;"|ç
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|χ
| style="text-align: center;"|x
| style="text-align: center;"|h
| style="text-align: center;"|h
|-
|-
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| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ɹ
| style="text-align: center;"|r ɹ
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|j
| style="text-align: center;"|j
| style="text-align: center;"|ʍ w
| style="text-align: center;"|w
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
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| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
|}
|}


==Vocalic phonemes==
==Vocalic phonemes==
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Oxman shows the following vowels:
Oxman shows the following vowels:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! rowspan="2" colspan="1"|'''Phonemes'''
! rowspan="2" colspan="1"|'''Phonemes'''
! rowspan="1" colspan="2"|'''Short'''
! rowspan="1" colspan="2"|'''Short'''
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|ʊ
|ʊ
|i:
|i:
|u:
|y: u:
|-
|-
!'''Mid-closed'''
!'''Mid-closed'''
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|ɑ:
|ɑ:
|}
|}


==Diphthongs and digraphs==
==Diphthongs and digraphs==
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Oxman has also twenty diphthongs, that is clusters of two vowels pronounced with a single emission of air. These diphthongs are:
Oxman has also twenty diphthongs, that is clusters of two vowels pronounced with a single emission of air. These diphthongs are:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Diphthongs'''
|'''Diphthongs'''
|'''Pronunciation'''
|'''Pronunciation'''
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|[ɛɪ]
|[ɛɪ]
|-
|-
|ue
|uo, ue
|[y:ə]
|[y:ə]
|-
|-
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|[o:ʊ]
|[o:ʊ]
|}
|}


==Stress==
==Stress==
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* In substantives (and in adjectives and adverbs) the stress generally falls on the first syllable, but if they are compound nouns / adjectives, formed by prefix + noun / adjective, the stress falls on the root syllable of the noun / adjective. In compounds which are formed by noun / adjective + noun / adjective, the various words are read as if they were written separately;
* In substantives (and in adjectives and adverbs) the stress generally falls on the first syllable, but if they are compound nouns / adjectives, formed by prefix + noun / adjective, the stress falls on the root syllable of the noun / adjective. In compounds which are formed by noun / adjective + noun / adjective, the various words are read as if they were written separately;


* In verbs the stress falls always on the root, even if they are compounds, ex.: ''emæke'', "to make up", is read as [ə'ma:kə].
* In verbs the stress falls always on the root, even if they are compounds, ex.: ''yemæke'', "to make up", is read as [jə'ma:kə].
 


=Grammar=
=Grammar=
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The adjectives always precede the noun to whom they refer. Adjectives take a single '''-e''' ending when the noun it refers to is common, or at plural form. Singular neuter nouns don't cause endings on the adjectives.
The adjectives always precede the noun to whom they refer. Adjectives take a single '''-e''' ending when the noun it refers to is common, or at plural form. Singular neuter nouns don't cause endings on the adjectives.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Strong singular'''
|'''Strong singular'''
|'''Strong plural / Weak'''
|'''Strong plural / Weak'''
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===Comparative===
===Comparative===


The higher degree comparative is formed with the suffix '-or'. The second term of comparation is introduced by ''thon'' and is in the same case of the first, ex.:
The higher degree comparative is formed with the suffix '-or, -rX'. The second term of comparation is introduced by ''thon'' and is in the same case of the first, ex.:


* ''Ean ebowod hogor thon ean trie'' - A building higher than a tree.  
* ''Ean yebow hoyor thon ean trie'' - A building higher than a tree.  


Just like in English and somtimes in Dutch, long adjectives form their comparative by adding the word 'mear' before the adjective. It corresponds to the 'more' formation in English.
Just like in English and somtimes in Dutch, long adjectives form their comparative by adding the word 'mear' before the adjective. It corresponds to the 'more' formation in English.
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Some adjectives have got an irregular form of higher degree comparative:  
Some adjectives have got an irregular form of higher degree comparative:  


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Positive'''
|'''Positive'''
|'''Strong comparative'''
|'''Strong comparative'''
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|luttol
|luttol
|smallor
|smallor
|smalre
|smallre
|-
|-
|weney
|weney
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===Superlative===
===Superlative===


The superlative degree is formed with the suffix '-ost' (some irregular adjectives form it with '-st').
The superlative degree is formed with the suffix '-ost, -stX' (some irregular adjectives form it with '-st').


* ''Thie sconost blœm in thie werold'' - The most beautiful flower in the world.
* ''Thie sconste blœm thiere werold'' - The most beautiful flower in the world.




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The same adjectives that have an irregular higher degree comparative have got also an irregular superlative form:
The same adjectives that have an irregular higher degree comparative have got also an irregular superlative form:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Positive'''
|'''Positive'''
|'''Strong superlative'''
|'''Strong superlative'''
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Numerals don't inflect. Here are the numerals from 0 to 100:
Numerals don't inflect. Here are the numerals from 0 to 100:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Number'''
|'''Number'''
|'''Cardinal'''
|'''Cardinal'''
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|-
|-
!'''Subject'''
!'''Subject'''
|colspan=2|ic
|colspan=2|ick
|colspan="2"|wie
|colspan="2"|wie
|-
|-
!'''Object'''
!'''Object 1'''
|colspan="2"|my
|colspan="2"|us
|-
!'''Object 2'''
|colspan="2"|my
|colspan="2"|my
|colspan="2"|us
|colspan="2"|us
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|colspan="2"|yie
|colspan="2"|yie
|-
|-
!'''Object'''
!'''Object 1'''
|colspan="2"|thy
|colspan="2"|yow, yiew*
|-
!'''Object 2'''
|colspan="2"|thy
|colspan="2"|thy
|colspan="2"|yow (older yiew)
|colspan="2"|yow*
|-
|-
!'''Possessive'''
!'''Possessive'''
|colspan="2"|thain
|colspan="2"|thain
|colspan="2"|yore (older yowor, yiewor)
|colspan="2"|yore*
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
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|hea
|hea
|-
|-
!'''Object'''
!'''Object 1'''
|hine, him**
|sie, hir**
|him, hit**
|hea, heam**
|-
!'''Object 2'''
|him
|him
|hir
|hir
|hit
|hit
|heam
|heam  
|-
|-
!'''Genitive'''
!'''Genitive'''
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|hiere
|hiere
|}
|}
* Dialectal or archaic forms.
** Common errors, often found in vulgar language


== Verbs ==
== Verbs ==
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Here are some very important verbs, their auxiliary verb for compound tenses and their meaning:
Here are some very important verbs, their auxiliary verb for compound tenses and their meaning:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|'''Infinitive'''
|'''Infinitive'''
|'''1st person'''
|'''1st person'''
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|-
|-
|hebbe
|hebbe
|heb (also hæf)
|heb
|hæst
|hæst
|hæth
|hæth
|hebbeth
|hebbeth
|had
|hadde
|hadden
|hadden
|ehad
|ehad
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|sind
|sind
|was
|was
|wæren
|waren
|ewesen
|ewesen
|wese
|wese
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|iede
|iede
|ieden
|ieden
|egæn
|egæn, egongen
|wese
|wese
|''to go''
|''to go''
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|sieth
|sieth
|say
|say
|sæyen
|sayen
|esien
|esien
|hebbe
|hebbe
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|mœst
|mœst
|mœt
|mœt
|mœten
|mœteth
|mœste
|mœste
|mœsten
|mœsten
|emœten
|—
|hebbe
|hebbe
|''to may, must''
|''to may, must''
|-
|-
|kome
|kume
|koam
|kum
|kumst
|komst
|kumth
|komth
|kometh
|kumeth
|quam, kam
|quam
|quæmen, kæmen
|quamen
|ekomen
|ekumen
|wese
|wese
|''to come''
|''to come''
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|kanst
|kanst
|kan
|kan
|kunnen
|kunneth
|kuthe
|kuthe
|kuthen
|kuthen
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|weast
|weast
|weat
|weat
|witen
|witeth
|wiste
|wiste
|wisten
|wisten
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|scalt
|scalt
|scall
|scall
|scullen
|sculleth
|scolde
|scolde
|scolden
|scolden
|escullen
| —
|hebbe
|hebbe
|''to shall, must''
|''to shall, must''
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|stirfth
|stirfth
|sterveth
|sterveth
|starf
|storf
|starven
|storven
|estorven
|estorven  
|wese
|wese
|''to die''
|''to die''
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|mækte
|mækte
|mækten
|mækten
|emækt
|emækod
|hebbe
|hebbe
|''to make''
|''to make''
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|eat
|eat
|eatst (older itst)
|eatst (older itst)
|eath (older ith)
|eatth (older itth)
|eteth
|eteth
|at
|at
|æten
|aten
|eyeten
|eëten
|hebbe
|hebbe
|''to eat''
|''to eat''
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|muye
|muye
|may
|may
|mayst
|maist
|may
|may
|muyen
|muyeth
|moghte
|moghte
|moghten
|moghten
|emuyen
| — (emoght)
|hebbe
|hebbe
|''to may''
|''to may''
|-
|halde
|hald
|heldst
|heldth
|haldeth
|hield, heald
|hielden, healden
|ehalden
|hebbe
|''to hold''
|-
|wirce
|wirc
|wircest
|wirceth
|wirceth
|wroghte
|wroghten
|ewroght
|hebbe
|''to work''
|}
|}


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[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]


[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
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