Zanahi/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions

! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! [[Zanahi]] !! [[Proto-Zanahic]] !! Etymology of Zanahi form (if not directly from the Proto-Zanahic)

| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || ’ammā || *ʔéṣ || ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of ''*mé'' "me" (perhaps the ablative ''*méṭ'').

| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || ’antā (''m.''); ’antī (''f.'') || *túʔ || Masculine form from ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of ''*twé'' "thee" (perhaps the ablative ''*twéṭ''). The feminine was then formed by analogy with the third person pronoun (supported by the Semitic counterparts).

| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || hattā (''m.''); hattī (''f.'') || *hóh; *tóh || From a combined pronoun ''*hohtóh'' in which both parts would have originally been declined.

| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || ’annā || *wéyeh || ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + ''*nōh'' "us (clitic)" or ''*noʔ'' "us two (clitic)".

| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || ’antān (''m.''); ’antīn (''f.'') || *yū́h || From the singular by analogy.

| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || hattān (''m.''); hattīn (''f.'') || *hóy, *híʔah, *háʔ; *tóy, *tíʔah, *táʔ || See the third person singular.

| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || sā (''m.''); sī (''f.'') || *sóh, *síʔ, *sóṭ ||

| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || tā (''m.''); tī (''f.'') || *tóh, *tíʔ, *tóṭ; *hóh, *híʔ, *hóṭ; *ʔánoh, *ʔániʔ, *ʔánoṭ || *tóh

| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || sam || *séhmi ||

| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || tam || *téhmi; *héhmi ||

| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || kī || *kóh, *kíʔ || From the feminine (since the masculine would give an identical form to the neuter).

| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || kā || *kóh, *kíʔ, *kóṭ || From the neuter.

| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || kam || *kéhmi ||  

| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || kaṭā || *kóṭe || Zanahi: From an extended form, perhaps with an instrumental suffix (''*-ʔ'') or ablative suffix (''*-ṭ'').

| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || kayf || *kéy || Zanahi: From ''*kéypo'', a compound of ''*kéy'' "how, by what" + postpositional ''*po'' "from, due to"

| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || lā; mā || *nē̆, *meʔ || ''lā'': a modification of earlier ''*nā'' due to Semitic influence.

| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || ḥalw || *holwóh, -áʔ, -óm ||

| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || palō || *pélʔuh (oblique stem: *pl̥ʔéw-) ||

| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || kiyān ||  

| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pawr || *páʔuroh (oblique stem: *pəwr-)

| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || ’antar || *ʔályoh; *ánteroh (''of two'') ||  

| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ‘ayn, ‘aynā || *ʔóynoh

| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || ṭuwā || *ṭwóʔ, *ṭwáʔʔe, *ṭwóʔ ||

| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tirayā, tirē || *tréyeh, *triʔ (oblique stem: *tri-) || From the nominative stem, with an anological ''-ā'' and Semitic-influenced reverse polarity.

| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || kaṯurā, kaṯur || *ketwóreh, *ketwṓr (oblique stem: *ketur-) ||

| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || pankā, pank || *pénke ||

| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || maṣā || *méṣəh (oblique stem: *m̥ṣʔ-) ||

| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || ṭalg || *ṭl̥ʔgóh ||  

| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || piltō || *plétuh (oblique stem: *pl̥téw-) ||  

| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || binzō || *bénzuh (oblique stem: *bn̥zéw-) ||  

| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] || qarō || *ḳráʔus (oblique stem: *ḳr̥ʔéw-) ||  

| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || šuṭr ||  ||  

| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || ’anzō ||

| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] || tanō ||  

| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || qān ||

| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || wīr || *wíʔroh

| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || mirt || *mr̥tóh ||  

| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || ṣant

| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || ba‘lā; ḅaṭayā; zawǧā; qān

| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || ba‘l; ḅaṭē; zawǧ; wīr

| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || māṯar; ammā

| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || pāṯar; att

| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || pas

| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || zūḵ

| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || ’awīḵ

| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || sun; kalb

| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || kirm

| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || ṭarō

| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || karp

| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || hāmin

| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || ḅarn

| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] ||  

| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] ||  

| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] ||  

| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] ||  

| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] ||  

| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] ||  

| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || mam

| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || dam

| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] || ‘aṭm

| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] ||  

| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || ‘ayy

| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] || qarn

| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] ||  

| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] ||  

| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] ||  

| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] ||  

| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] ||  

| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || ‘aq

| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || ‘awš

| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] ||  

| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] ||

| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] ||ṭaṣwā

| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] ||  

| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] || paṭ

| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] || sāq

| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] || ṣanō

| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] || ṭawš; bāzō

| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] || paṯr

| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] ||  

| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] ||  

| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] ||  

| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] ||  

| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] ||  

| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] || sirṭ; libb

| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] || yaḵar

| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || paḅ-, -piḅ- (root: p-ḅ)

| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || ’aṭ-, -’aṭ- (root: ’-ṭ)

| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] || ṭanas-, -ṭnis- (root: ṭ-n-s)

| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] || day-, -dē- (root: d-y)

| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || rōq-, -rūq- (roor: r-w-q)

| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || wam-, -wm- (root: w-m)

| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] || wā-, -wā- (root: w-A); nafaḫ-, -nfuḫ- (root: n-f-ḫ)

| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] || ’an-, -’an- (root: ’-n)

| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] || may-, -mī- (root: m-y)

| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || ṭaras-, -ṭris- (root: ṭ-r-s)

| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || salaw-, -slō- (root: s-l-w)

| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || wēṭ-, -wīṭ- (root: w-y-ṭ)

| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] || man-, -min- (root: m-n)

| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || garā-, -grā- (root: g-r-A)

| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] || bay-, -bī- (root: b-y)

| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || hōf-, -hūf- (root: h-w-f)

| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || qay-, -qī- (root: q-y)

| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] || mar-, -mir- (root: m-r)

| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] || nasay-, -nsē- (root: n-s-y); qatal-, -qtul- (root: q-t-l)

| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] || ganāgan-, -ganāgin-; qātal-, -qātil-

| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || way-, -wē- (root: w-y)

| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] || gan-, -gin- (root: g-n)

| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] || kēṭ-, -kīṭ- (root: k-y-ṭ)

| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] || bēṭ-, -bīṭ- (root: b-y-ṭ)

| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]] ||

| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] ||  

| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] ||  

| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] ||  

| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] ||  

| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] || qam-, -qum- (root: q-m)

| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] ||  

| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] ||  

| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] || haṭ-, -hiṭ- (root: h-ṭ)

| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] || tā-, -tā- (root: t-A)

| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] ||  

| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] ||  

| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] || ṭā-, -ṭā- (stem: ṭ-A)

| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] ||  

| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] ||  

| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] ||  

| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] ||  

| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] ||  

| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] ||  

| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] ||  

| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] ||  

| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] ||  

| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] ||  

| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] ||  

| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] || waḵ-, -wḵ- (root: w-ḵ)

| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] ||  

| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] ||  

| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] ||  

| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] ||  

| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] ||  

| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]] ||

| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || ḥāwil

| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || mān

| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] || tār

| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || wār

| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]] || warš

| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] || naṭīḵ

| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || waṭr

| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || ‘āḅ

| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || hāl

| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] || ’asman

| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] ||  

| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] ||  

| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || zam

| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] || navah; ’inbar

| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] || mayḡ

| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] ||  

| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] ||  

| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] || nayḡ

| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] || nayḡ

| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || dūm

| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] || pāwir

| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] ||

| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] ||  

| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] ||  

| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] ||  

| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] || rawḏ

| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] ||

| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] ||  

| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || ’alb

| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] ||  

| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || naḵṭ

| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || ṭayn

| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || yār

| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] ||  

| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || zim

| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pall

| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nō

| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] ||  

| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || ḥant

| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || ṭušk

| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] ||  

| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] ||  

| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || raṣṭ

| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] ||  

| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] ||  

| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] ||  

| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] ||  

| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || waq

| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || ḥawš

| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || ’irṣō

| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] ||  

| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] ||  

| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || ṭaššin; yamīn

| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || hayy; šimāl

| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] ||  

| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || ’an

| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || maḏ; sa-

| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || wa-

| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || yaṯ

| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] ||  

| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || namn