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'''Thezhmic''' (/ˈθɛʒmɪk/, Native: ''Ŧəźmikós'' /θəʒmiˈkos/, ''Liźḗnom'' /liˈʒeːnom/) is an Indo-European language.
'''Thezhmic''' (/ˈθɛʒmɪk/, Native: ''Ŧəźmikós'' /θəʒmiˈkos/) is an Indo-European language.
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Thezhmic
|name = Thezhmic
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Any non-nasal vowel can form a falling dipthong with ''-i'' and ''-u'' (unless it results in a sequence of two identical vowels).
Any non-nasal vowel can form a falling dipthong with ''-i'' and ''-u'' (unless it results in a sequence of two identical vowels).
<!--
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Nasal vowels
!
![[w:Front vowel|Front]]
![[w:Central vowel|Central]]
![[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|ĩ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ũ}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|{{IPA link|ẽ}}
|
|{{IPA link|õ}}
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|
|{{IPA link|ɐ̃}}
|
|}
|}-->


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
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|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"| -ōd
| colspan="2"| -ōt
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| colspan="2"| -ōs || rowspan="2"| -ous || colspan="2"| -ōm
| colspan="2"| -ōs || rowspan="2"| -oizous || colspan="2"| -oizōm
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
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|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| -ād
| -āt
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| -ās || rowspan="2"| -āus || -āzōm
| -ās || rowspan="2"| -āzous || -āzōm
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
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*'''þōnā́, -ā́s (f.):''' grain
*'''þōnā́, -ā́s (f.):''' grain
*'''ġnā́, -ā́s (f.):''' woman
*'''ġnā́, -ā́s (f.):''' woman
*'''də̃źwā́, -ā́s (f.):''' tongue
*'''wəlqī́, wəlqyā́s (f.):''' she-wolf
*'''wəlqī́, wəlqyā́s (f.):''' she-wolf


Line 491: Line 464:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| -is || rowspan="3"| -i || rowspan="3"| -ī || rowspan="2"| -ēis || rowspan="3"| -ī
| -is || rowspan="3"| -i || rowspan="3"| -ī; -i¹ || rowspan="2"| -ēis; -yes¹ || rowspan="3"| -ī; -i¹
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
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|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| colspan="2"| -ī || rowspan="3"| -ivom || colspan="2"| -ivis
| colspan="2"| -ī; -i¹ || rowspan="3"| -ivom || colspan="2"| -ivis
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| colspan="2"| -ēi || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| -ivos
| colspan="2"| -ēi; -i¹ || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| -ivos
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"| -eid
| colspan="2"| -eit; -it¹
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| colspan="2"| -eis || rowspan="2"| -izous || colspan="2"| -izōm
| colspan="2"| -eis; -is¹ || rowspan="2"| -izous || colspan="2"| -izōm
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
| colspan="2"| -ēi || colspan="2"| -izu
| colspan="2"| -ēi; -i¹ || colspan="2"| -izu
|-
|-
|}
|}
'''Notes:'''
¹ After vowels
'''Examples:'''
'''Examples:'''
*'''méntis, mə̃téis (f.):''' mind, intellect
*'''méntis, mə̃téis (f.):''' mind, intellect
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| -us || rowspan="3"| -u || rowspan="3"| -ū || rowspan="2"| -ewes || rowspan="3"| -ū
| -us || rowspan="3"| -u || rowspan="3"| -ū; -u¹ || rowspan="2"| -ewes; -wes¹ || rowspan="3"| -ū; -u¹
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
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|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| -um¹ || -uns
| -um; -m¹ || -uns
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| colspan="2"| -ū || rowspan="3"| -uvom || colspan="2"| -uvis
| colspan="2"| -ū; -u¹ || rowspan="3"| -uvom || colspan="2"| -uvis
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| colspan="2"| -ewei || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| -uvos
| colspan="2"| -ewei; -wei¹ || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| -uvos
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"| -eud
| colspan="2"| -eut; -ut¹
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| colspan="2"| -eus || rowspan="2"| -uzous || colspan="2"| -uzōm
| colspan="2"| -eus; -us¹ || rowspan="2"| -uzous || colspan="2"| -uzōm
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
| colspan="2"| -ēu || colspan="2"| -uzu
| colspan="2"| -ēu; -wi¹ || colspan="2"| -uzu
|-
|-
|}
|}
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'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''


¹ When the accusative would have ended in ''-Vum'' (where ''V'' represents a vowel), the ''-u-'' instead dropped causing the preceding vowel to be lengthened.
¹ After a vowel. In the singular m./f. accusative, the preceding vowel to be lengthened if short.


'''Examples:'''
'''Examples:'''
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|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"| -Ced²
| colspan="2"| -Cet²
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
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³ ''-S-'' becomes ''-C-'' after a vowel.
³ ''-S-'' becomes ''-C-'' after a vowel.


'''Examples:'':
'''Examples:'''
*'''patḗr, patrés (m.):''' father
*'''pátēr, patrés (m.):''' father
*'''ŧéźōm, ŧəźmés (f.):''' homeland
*'''ŧéźōm, ŧəźmés (f.):''' homeland
*'''ənómə̃, ənémnes (n.):''' name
*'''ənómə̃, ənémnes (n.):''' name
*'''ścũmṓ, ścũnés (m.):''' man
*'''ścũmṓn, ścũnés (m.):''' human
*'''wódər, wédōr, udnés (n.):''' water
*'''wódər, wédōr, udnés (n.):''' water
*'''sṓwəl, saunés (n.):''' sun
*'''sṓwəl, saunés (n.):''' sun
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|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"| -ed
| colspan="2"| -et
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
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'''Examples:'''
'''Examples:'''
*'''pōs, pódes, pedés (m.):''' foot
*'''pṓts, pódes, pedés (m.):''' foot
*'''noqs, nóqtes, néqtes (f.):''' night
*'''nóqs, nóqtes, néqtes (f.):''' night
*'''névos, névōs, névezes (n.):''' cloud
*'''névos, névōs, névezes (n.):''' cloud
*'''mḗns, mḗnzes (m.):''' moon
*'''mḗns, mḗnzes (m.):''' moon


====Weak stem patterns====
====Vowel-stems====
Nouns with weak stems that differ from their strong stems tend to follow certain trends. Common ways to derive the weak stem from the strong stem include (note that multiple ways may co-occur):
These comprise nouns whose stems end in a vowel that are not o-, ā-, or i-stems. They most often end in long vowels, but not always.
*Shift of accent from the root to the ending.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
*Shortening a long vowel.
|+ Vowel-stem declension
*Change of ''-o-'' to ''-e-''.
! rowspan="2"| Case !! colspan="2"|Singular !! Dual !! colspan="2"|Plural
*Dropping the nucleus vowel (usually ''-o-'' or ''-e-'').
|-
**If this results in a forbidden consonant cluster:
! m./f. !! n. !! m./f./n. !! m./f. !! n.
***If one of the consonants in that cluster is a liquid (''r, l''), a nasal (''n, m''), or a glide (''y, w''), it is converted to its syllabic counterpart.
***Otherwise, the cluster is broken with ''-ə-''.
Note that even if one or more of the above changes are possible, they may not occur in a given noun. Unpredictable changes can also occur.
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives are declined as the noun classes; however, in constrast to the masculine and neuter, the feminine almost always falls under the ā-stem class.  
 
The formation of the feminine generally depends on the masculine and neuter class as per the table below:
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Name of adjective class !! Masculine and neuter class !! Formation of feminine
|-
|-
! o/ā-stem
! Nominative
| o-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ā, -ās''
| -s || rowspan="3"| - || rowspan="3"| - || rowspan="2"| -s || rowspan="3"| -
|-
|-
! u-stem
! Vocative
| u-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ewī, -uyās''
| -
|-
|-
! i-stem
! Accusative
| i-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ī, -iyās''
| -m || -ns
|-
|-
! liquid/nasal-stem
! Instrumental
| liquid/nasal-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-Cī, -Cyās''¹
| colspan="2"| -¹ || rowspan="3"| -vom || colspan="2"| -vis
|-
! Dative
| colspan="2"| -i || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| -vos
|-
! Ablative
| colspan="2"| -t
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2"| -s || rowspan="2"| -zous || colspan="2"| -zōm
|-
! Locative
| colspan="2"| -i || colspan="2"| -zu
|-
|-
! consonant-stem
| consonant-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ī, -(y)ās''¹
|}
|}
'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''


¹ The feminine weak stem may end in a palatalized consonant instead of ''-y-''. However, cases where this would occur have mostly been reversed by anology.
¹ A final short vowel is lengthened.
 
'''Examples:'''
*'''də̃źū́s, də̃źwā́s (f.):''' tongue
*'''méjas, ũjás (m.):''' big one
====Mixed consonant-vowel stems====
These are nouns where strong stem and weak stems forms differ in declension such that one of them is declined as a consonant stem and the other is declined as a vowel stem.


The citation form of adjectives is: ''masculine singular nominative, neuter singular nominative, (masculine/neuter singular genitive), (feminine singular nominative), (feminine singular genitive)''.
'''Examples:'''
*The genitive(s) can be dropped when the adjective is declined regularly. This most often happens with ō/ā-stem adjectives.
*'''póntōs, póntōs, pə̃tés (m.):''' road, path
*The feminine singular nominative is dropped when feminine forms are identical to the masculine. This occurs in a few adjectives (never o/ā-class), the most notable of which are the cardinal numbers 3 and 4.
Like nouns, adjectives have weak stems. These are formed similarly as those of nouns.


===Numerals===
====Weak stem patterns====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
Nouns with weak stems that differ from their strong stems tend to follow certain trends. Common ways to derive the weak stem from the strong stem include (note that multiple ways may co-occur):
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal <!--!! Prefix !! Adverbial !! Fractional-->
*Shift of accent from the root to the ending.
|-
*Shortening a long vowel.
! 1
*Change of ''-o-'' to ''-e-''.
| sḗm, sém, smés, smī́, smyā́s || parwós, -óm, -ā́ <!--|| sũ(m)- || ||-->
*Dropping the nucleus vowel (usually ''-o-'' or ''-e-'').
**If this results in a forbidden consonant cluster:
***If one of the consonants in that cluster is a liquid (''r, l''), a nasal (''n, m''), or a glide (''y, w''), it is converted to its syllabic counterpart.
***Otherwise, the cluster is broken with ''-ə-''.
Note that even if one or more of the above changes are possible, they may not occur in a given noun. Unpredictable changes can also occur.
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives are declined as the noun classes; however, in constrast to the masculine and neuter, the feminine almost always falls under the ā-stem class.
 
The formation of the feminine generally depends on the masculine and neuter class as per the table below:
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Name of adjective class !! Masculine and neuter class !! Formation of feminine
|-
|-
!2
! o/ā-stem
| dwṓ, dwṓ, dwā́i || ħánteros, -om, -ā <!--|| dwi(y)- || dwis || sēmi-->
| o-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ā, -ās''
|-
|-
!3
! u-stem
| trḗis, trī́, trizṓm || tritós, -óm, -ā́ <!--|| tri(y)- -->
| u-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-(e)wī, -uyās''
|-
|-
!4
! i-stem
| qetwóres, qetwṓr, qeturṓm || qeturtós, -óm, -ā́ <!--|| qetur- -->
| i-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ī, -yās''
|-
|-
!5
! liquid/nasal-stem
| pénqe, -zōm, -vis || penqtós, -óm, -ā́
| liquid/nasal-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-Cī, -Cyās''¹
|-
|-
!6
! consonant-stem
| swéśś, -ōm, -fis || sweśśtós, -óm, -ā́
| consonant-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ī, -yās''
|-
|-
!7
! vowel-stem
| septṹ, -zōm, -fis || septũmós, -óm, -ā́
| vowel-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-i, -yās''
|-
|-
!8
! mixed-stem
| ʕośtṓu, -zōm, -vis || ʕośtowós, -óm, -ā́
| mixed-stem || masc./neut. weak stem + ''-ī/i, -yās'' (when weak stem is a consonant-stem/vowel-stem respectively)
|}
<!--
'''Notes:'''
¹ The feminine weak stem may end in a palatalized consonant instead of ''-y-''. However, cases where this would occur have mostly been reversed by anology.
-->
The citation form of adjectives is: ''masculine singular nominative, neuter singular nominative, (masculine/neuter singular genitive), (feminine singular nominative), (feminine singular genitive)''.
*The genitive(s) can be dropped when the adjective is declined regularly. This most often happens with ō/ā-stem adjectives.
*The feminine singular nominative is dropped when feminine forms are identical to the masculine. This occurs in a few adjectives (never o/ā-class), the most notable of which are the cardinal numbers 3 and 4.
Like nouns, adjectives have weak stems. These are formed similarly as those of nouns.
 
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal <!--!! Prefix !! Adverbial !! Fractional-->
|-
|-
!9
! 1
| ənéwə̃, -zōm, -vis || ənewə̃nós, -óm, -ā́
| sḗm, sém, smés, smī́, smyā́s || parwós, -óm, -ā́ <!--|| sũ(m)- || ||-->
|-
|-
!10
!2
| décũt, -ōm, -fis || decũtós, -óm, -ā́
| dwṓ, dwṓ, dwā́i || ħánteros, -om, -ā <!--|| dwi(y)- || dwis || sēmi-->
|-
!3
| trḗis, trī́, trizṓm || tritós, -óm, -ā́ <!--|| tri(y)- -->
|-
!4
| qetwóres, qetwṓr, qeturṓm || qeturtós, -óm, -ā́ <!--|| qetur- -->
|-
!5
| pénqe, -zōm, -vis || penqtós, -óm, -ā́
|-
!6
| swékś, -ōm, -fis || sweśtós, -óm, -ā́
|-
!7
| septṹ, -zōm, -vis || septũmós, -óm, -ā́
|-
!8
| ʕośtṓu, -zōm, -vis || ʕośtowós, -óm, -ā́
|-
!9
| ənéwə̃, -zōm, -vis || ənewə̃nós, -óm, -ā́
|-
!10
| décũt, -ōm, -fis || decũtós, -óm, -ā́
|-
|-
<!--! 11
<!--! 11
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|-
|-
!200
!200
|(dwṓ) cũtṓ, (dwóus) cũtóus; dwōcũtṓ, -óus|| dwōcũtomós, -óm, -ā́
|(dwṓ) cũtṓ, (dwóizous) cũtóizous; dwōcũtṓ, -óizous|| dwōcũtomós, -óm, -ā́
|-
|-
!300
!300
| trī́ cũtā́, treyṓm cũtṓm; trīcũtā́, -ṓm || trīcũtomós, -óm, -ā́
| trī́ cũtā́, trizṓm cũtóizōm; trīcũtā́, -óizōm || trīcũtomós, -óm, -ā́
|-
|-
!1000
!1000
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|-
|-
!2000
!2000
|(dwṓ) śézlō, (dwóus) śézlous; dwōśézlō, -ous || dwōśezlomós, -óm, -ā́
|(dwṓ) śézlō, (dwóizous) śézloizous; dwōśézlō, -oizous || dwōśezlomós, -óm, -ā́
|-
|-
!3000
!3000
|trī́ śézlā, trizṓm śézlōm; trīśézlā, -ōm || trīśezlomós, -óm, -ā́
|trī́ śézlā, trizṓm śézloizōm; trīśézlā, -oizōm || trīśezlomós, -óm, -ā́
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! colspan="2"|Nominative
! colspan="2"|Nominative
| rowspan="2"| ejóm
| rowspan="2"| éj
| rowspan="2"| wḗ
| rowspan="2"| wḗ
| rowspan="2"| wḗis
| rowspan="2"| wḗis
Line 916: Line 945:
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Ablative
! colspan="2"| Ablative
|əméd
|əmét
|anwéd
|anwét
|ə̃zméd
|ə̃zmét
|twéd
|twét
|ūwéd
|ūwét
|uzméd
|uzmét
| swéd
| swét
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| Genitive !! tonic
! rowspan="2"| Genitive !! tonic
Line 969: Line 998:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ís || rowspan="3"| íd || ī́ || rowspan="3" colspan="2"| ī́ || rowspan="2"| ḗis || rowspan="3"| ī́ || rowspan="2"| ī́s
| ís || rowspan="3"| ít || ī́ || rowspan="3" colspan="2"| ī́ || rowspan="2"| ḗis || rowspan="3"| ī́ || rowspan="2"| ī́s
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
Line 984: Line 1,013:
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"|ézmed || rowspan="2"| éśśās
| colspan="2"|ézmet || éśśāt
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| colspan="2"| ézmes || rowspan="2"| éizous ||rowspan="2"| éśśāus || colspan="2"| éizōm || éśśāzōm
| colspan="2"| ézmes || éśśās || rowspan="2"| éizous ||rowspan="2"| éśśāzous || colspan="2"| éizōm || éśśāzōm
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
Line 996: Line 1,025:
====Demonstrative pronouns====
====Demonstrative pronouns====
There are three demonstratives:
There are three demonstratives:
*The neutral demonstrative ''tos, -od, -ā'' "this, that" (declension in the table below).
*The neutral demonstrative ''tós, -ót, -ā́'' "this, that" (declension in the table below).
*The near demonstrative ''cis, -id, -ī'' "this" (declined as the third person pronoun ''is'').
*The near demonstrative ''cís, -ít, -ī́'' "this" (declined as the third person pronoun ''is'').
*The far demonstrative ''énos, -od, -ā'' "that" (declined as the neutral demonstrative ''tos'').
*The far demonstrative ''énos, -ot, -ā'' "that" (declined as the neutral demonstrative ''tos'').
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Declension of the neutral demonstrative ''tos'' "this, that"
|+ Declension of the neutral demonstrative ''tos'' "this, that"
Line 1,006: Line 1,035:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| tós || rowspan="3"| tód ||tā́|| rowspan="3"| tṓ || rowspan="3"|tā́i || rowspan="2"| tói || rowspan="3"| tā́ || rowspan="2"| tā́i
| tós || rowspan="3"| tót ||tā́|| rowspan="3"| tṓ || rowspan="3"|tā́i || rowspan="2"| tói || rowspan="3"| tā́ || rowspan="2"| tā́i
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
Line 1,021: Line 1,050:
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| colspan="2"|tózmed || rowspan="2"| tóśśās
| colspan="2"|tózmet || tóśśāt
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| colspan="2"| tózmes || rowspan="2"| tóizous ||rowspan="2"| tóśśāus || colspan="2"| tóizōm || tóśśāzōm
| colspan="2"| tózmes || tóśśās || rowspan="2"| tóizous ||rowspan="2"| tóśśāzous || colspan="2"| tóizōm || tóśśāzōm
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
Line 1,032: Line 1,061:


====Relative pronoun====
====Relative pronoun====
The relative pronoun is ''yós, -ód, -ā́'' "that which". It is declined as ''tos''.
The relative pronoun is ''yós, -ót, -ā́'' "that which". It is declined as ''tos''.


====Interrogative pronoun====
====Interrogative pronoun====
The interrogative pronoun is ''qís, -íd, -ī́'' "who, what". It is declined as ''is''.
The interrogative pronoun is ''qís, -ít, -ī́'' "who, what". It is declined as ''is''.


====Indefinite pronoun====
====Indefinite pronoun====
The indefinite pronoun is ''qós, -ód, -ā́'' "someone, something". It is declined as ''tos''.
The indefinite pronoun is ''qós, -ót, -ā́'' "someone, something". It is declined as ''tos''.


====Other pronouns====
====Other pronouns====
*''ħályos, -od, -ā'' "other, another" (declined as ''tos'')
*''ħályos, -ot, -ā'' "other, another" (declined as ''tos'')
*''pélus, pélu, pléus, pléwī, pluyā́s'' "all" (declined as a u-stem adjective)
 
===Derivation===


==Verbs==
==Verbs==
Line 1,052: Line 1,084:
Each of these stems may have strong and weak variants.
Each of these stems may have strong and weak variants.


The first three stems are given by the principle parts. The neutral stem can be derived from the present or future stem by the following rules:
These stems are given by the principal parts. For most verbs, the neutral stem is not directly given in a principal part but instead can be regularly derived from the present or future stem by the following rules:
#If one of the two stems is derived from the other by adding something (a suffix, infix, prefix, etc.), the simpler stem (i.e. the one that does not have the addition) is used.
#If one of the two stems is derived from the other by adding something (a suffix, infix, prefix, etc.), the simpler stem (i.e. the one that does not have the addition) is used.
#If the stems are suppletive, the perfect stem is used.
#If the stems are suppletive, the perfect stem is used.
In cases where the above rules do not apply, the neutral stem is directly provided in the principal parts.
Regardless of which stem is used, the neutral stem inherits both the strong and weak variants from its parent stem.
Regardless of which stem is used, the neutral stem inherits both the strong and weak variants from its parent stem.


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*The 1S perfect indicative
*The 1S perfect indicative
*The 1P perfect indicative (if the perfect weak stem is different than the strong stem)
*The 1P perfect indicative (if the perfect weak stem is different than the strong stem)
*The singular nominative action noun (if the neutral stem is irregular)
*The singular genitive action noun (if the weak neutral stem is irregular and different than the strong netral stem)
For example, the citation form of the verb "to be" is ''ézmi, əzmés, fū́mi, fevū́ħa''. Note that the 1P future and perfect forms are excluded since the weak stems are identical to the corresponding strong stems.
For example, the citation form of the verb "to be" is ''ézmi, əzmés, fū́mi, fevū́ħa''. Note that the 1P future and perfect forms are excluded since the weak stems are identical to the corresponding strong stems.


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-->
-->
! colspan="5"| Present active participle
! colspan="5"| Present active participle
|colspan="6"| -nts/onts, -nt/ont, -ntes/ontes, -ntī/ontī, -ntyās/ontyās
|colspan="3"| -nts/onts, -nt/ont, -ntes/ə̃tes, -ntī/ə̃tī, -ntyās/ə̃tyās
|colspan="3"| -nts/onts, -nt/ont, -ntes/ontes, -ntī/ontī, -ntyās/ontyās
|-
|-
! Person/<br />Number !! colspan="2"|Present indicative !!colspan="2"| Present subjunctive !! colspan="2"|Imperfect !! colspan="2"|Presumptive !! colspan="2"|Durative imperative
! Person/<br />Number !! colspan="2"|Present indicative !!colspan="2"| Present subjunctive !! colspan="2"|Imperfect !! colspan="2"|Presumptive !! colspan="2"|Durative imperative
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-->
-->
! colspan="5"| Present middle participle
! colspan="5"| Present middle participle
|colspan="3"| -(ũ)mnos, -(ũ)mnom, -(ũ)mnā
|colspan="3"| -mnos/umnos, -mnom/umnom, -mnā/umnā
|colspan="3"| -omnos, -omnom, -omnā
|colspan="3"| -omnos, -omnom, -omnā
|-
|-
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'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''
#Phonemes in brackets are inserted after consonant clusters (if a vowel) or after vowels (if a consonant).
#Phonemes in brackets are inserted after consonant clusters when phonotactically necessary (if a vowel) or after vowels (if a consonant).
#When two endings are given separated by a slash, they are used after vowels and after consonants respectively. If a third is also given, it is used after consonant clusters.
#When two endings are given separated by a slash, they are used after vowels and after consonants respectively. If a third is also given, it is used after consonant clusters.
<!--
<!--
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-->
-->
! colspan="5"| Future active participle
! colspan="5"| Future active participle
|colspan="6"| -nts/onts, -nt/ont, -ntes/ontes, -ntī/ontī, -ntyās/ontyās
|colspan="3"| -nts/onts, -nt/ont, -ntes/ə̃tes, -ntī/ə̃tī, -ntyās/ə̃tyās
|colspan="3"| -nts/onts, -nt/ont, -ntes/ontes, -ntī/ontī, -ntyās/ontyās
|-
|-
! Person/<br />Number !! colspan="2"|Future indicative !!colspan="2"| Future subjunctive !! colspan="2"|Gnomic !! colspan="2"|Jussive !! colspan="2"|Simple imperative
! Person/<br />Number !! colspan="2"|Future indicative !!colspan="2"| Future subjunctive !! colspan="2"|Gnomic !! colspan="2"|Jussive !! colspan="2"|Simple imperative
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-->
-->
! colspan="5"| Future middle participle
! colspan="5"| Future middle participle
|colspan="3"| -(ũ)mnos, -(ũ)mnom, -(ũ)mnā
|colspan="3"| -mnos/umnos, -mnom/umnom, -mnā/umnā
|colspan="3"| -omnos, -omnom, -omnā
|colspan="3"| -omnos, -omnom, -omnā
|-
|-
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|}
|}
'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''
#Phonemes in brackets are inserted after consonant clusters (if a vowel) or after vowels (if a consonant).
#Phonemes in brackets are inserted after consonant clusters when phonotactically necessary (if a vowel) or after vowels (if a consonant).
#When two endings are given separated by a slash, they are used after vowels and after consonants respectively. If a third is also given, it is used after consonant clusters.
#When two endings are given separated by a slash, they are used after vowels and after consonants respectively. If a third is also given, it is used after consonant clusters.
<!--
<!--
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|+ Conjugation of middle perfect-stem forms
|+ Conjugation of middle perfect-stem forms
! colspan="2"| Perfect passive participle
! colspan="2"| Perfect passive participle
|colspan="2"| -(ũ)mnos, -(ũ)mnom, -(ũ)mnā
|colspan="2"| -mnos/umnos, -mnom/umnom, -mnā/umnā
|-
|-
! Person/<br />Number !! Perfect indicative !! Perfect subjunctive !! Conditional
! Person/<br />Number !! Perfect indicative !! Perfect subjunctive !! Conditional
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'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''
#Phonemes in brackets are inserted after consonant clusters (if a vowel) or after vowels (if a consonant).
#Phonemes in brackets are inserted after consonant clusters when phonotactically necessary (if a vowel) or after vowels (if a consonant).
#When two endings are given separated by a slash, they are used after vowels and after consonants respectively. If a third is also given, it is used after consonant clusters.
#When two endings are given separated by a slash, they are used after vowels and after consonants respectively. If a third is also given, it is used after consonant clusters.
<!--
<!--
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|-
|-
-->
-->
| Abstract noun (feminine) || Mixed || -(ə)tis, -(ə)teis || -etis, -eteis || Denotes an abstract state of the verb being performed. It can also have meanungs extended from this. || ''dṓtis, dotéis'' "givingness, generosity"; ''fū́tis, fūtéis'' "existence, essence, being, nature"; ''méntis, mə̃téis'' "thinkingness, rationality; thought"; ''féretis, féreteis'' "state of carrying/being carried"
| Abstract noun (feminine) || Mixed || -(ə)tis, -(ə)teis || -etis, -eteis || Denotes an abstract state of the verb being performed or having been performed. It can also have meanings extended from this. || ''dṓtis, dotéis'' "givingness, generosity"; ''fū́tis, fūtéis'' "existence, essence, being, nature"; ''méntis, mə̃téis'' "thinkingness, rationality; thought"; ''féretis, féreteis'' "state of carrying/being carried"
|-
|-
| Action noun (masculine) || Mixed || -(ə)tus, -(ə)teus || -etus, -eteus || Denotes an action/state, similar to the English gerund. It can also have secondary meanings extended from this. || ''dṓtus, dotéus'' "(the act of) giving"; ''fū́tus, fūtéus'' "(the act of) becoming"; ''féretus, féreteus'' "(the act of) carrying"; ''méntus, mə̃téus'' "(the act of) thinking; understanding"; ''jéustus, justéus'' "(the act of) tasting; taste"
| Action noun (masculine) || Mixed || -(ə)tus, -(ə)teus || -etus, -eteus || Denotes an action/state, similar to the English gerund. It can also have secondary meanings extended from this. || ''dṓtus, dotéus'' "(the act of) giving"; ''fū́tus, fūtéus'' "(the act of) becoming"; ''féretus, féreteus'' "(the act of) carrying"; ''méntus, mə̃téus'' "(the act of) thinking"; ''jéustus, justéus'' "(the act of) tasting; taste"
|-
|-
| Instance noun (feminine) || Weak || -(ə)twā, -(ə)twās|| -etwā, -etwās || Denotes an instance of an action/state || ''dotwā́, dotwā́s'' "an instance of giving"; ''fūtwā́, -s'' "an instance of being/becoming/coming into being"; ''mə̃twā́, -s'' "an instance of thinking; an individual thought"; ''féretwā, -s'' "an instance of carrying"
| Instance noun (feminine) || Weak || -(ə)twā, -(ə)twās|| -etwā, -etwās || Denotes an instance of an action/state
|| ''dotwā́, dotwā́s'' "an instance of giving"; ''fūtwā́, -s'' "an instance of being/becoming/coming into being"; ''mə̃twā́, -s'' "an instance of thinking; an individual thought"; ''féretwā, -s'' "an instance of carrying"
|-
|-
<!--
<!--
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==Particles==
==Particles==
==Syntax==
===Adverbs===
====Nominal adverbs====
Nominal adverbs are adverbs that are transparently derived from nouns or adjectives.
 
They may be derived from any case other than the nominative and vocative, or through the use of other suffixes.
 
====Non-nominal adverbs====
These are adverbs that are not transparently derived from nouns or adjectives, although they may be related. These include:
*''cóm'' "along, together"
*''én'' "in"
 
===Postpositions===
Postpositions follow the words they modify. They may govern any case other than the nominative.
 
Many postpositions are identical to adverbs but unaccented.
 
Some postpositions include;
*''com'' "with" (governs instrumental)
*''en'' "in" (governs locative); "into" (governs accusative)
*''pontō'' "like" (governs genitive)
 
===Conjunctions===
*''me'' "and"
**Joins nominals.
*''-qe'' "and"
**Joins words, following every word being joined except the first. For extra emphasis, it can also follow the first word. It implies a closer relationship than ''me'' does. Unlike ''me'', it can also be used to join verbs provided that they immediately follow each other.
*''ħau(qe)'' "and"
**Joins clauses.
*''nū'' "or"
**Used similarly to ''me''.
*''-we'' "or"
**Takes the same position as ''-qe'' and is used similarly.
*''ħawwe'' "or"
**Used similarly to ''ħau''.
*''-de'' "but"
**Postpositive.
*''ħaude'' "but"
**Similar in meaning to ''-de'', but only used with clauses. It appears at the clause's beginning.
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Word order is free, but the default/unmarked order is SOV.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
Modifiers precede the noun by default, but they can alternatively follow the noun.
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
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<!-- etc. etc. -->
<!-- etc. etc. -->


==Example texts==
==Vocabulary==
===Time - ''Wétos''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Seasons - ''Yēnés wétōs''
! English !! Thezhmic
|-
| spring || wózər, wézōr, wéznes (n.)
|-
| summer || samṓr, samrés (m.)
|-
| fall || sózər, sézōr, séznes (n.)
|-
| winter || śimṓr, śimrés (m.)
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Gregorian months - '' ''
! English !! Thezhmic
|-
| January ||
|-
| February ||
|-
| March ||
|-
| April ||
|-
| May ||
|-
| June ||
|-
| July ||
|-
| August ||
|-
| September ||
|-
| October ||
|-
| November ||
|-
| December ||
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Days of the week - ''Septṹmās ħáźōr''
! English !! Thezhmic
|-
| Sunday ||
|-
| Monday ||
|-
| Tuesday ||
|-
| Wednesday ||
|-
| Thursday ||
|-
| Friday ||
|-
| Saturday ||
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - '' ''
! English !! Thezhmic
|-
| day (daytime) || ħā́mər, ħā́mōr, ħamnés (n.)
|-
| dawn ||
|-
| morning ||
|-
| noon ||
|-
| afternoon ||
|-
| evening ||
|-
| dusk ||
|-
| night || nóqs, nóqtes, néqtes (f.)
|-
| midnight ||
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - '' ''
! English !! Thezhmic
|-
| second || ħánterā, -ās (f.)
|-
| minute || páwī, pauyā́s (f.)
|-
| hour || mḗlā, -ās (f.)
|-
| day || ħáźər, ħáźōr, ħaźnés (n.)
|-
| week || septṹmā, -ās (f.)
|-
| month || mēnśā́, -ā́s (f.)
|-
| season || wétos, wétōs, wétezes (n.)
|-
| year || yṓr, yéʕōr, yēnés (n.)
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Time adverbs - '' ''
! English !! Thezhmic
|-
| now ||
|-
| then ||
|-
| recently, a short time ago ||
 
|-
| earlier ||
|-
| soon, shortly ||
|-
| later ||
|-
| always ||
|-
| often ||
|-
| sometimes ||
|-
| rarely ||
|-
| never ||
|-
| ever ||
|-
| still, yet ||
|-
| already ||
|-
| today ||
|-
| tonight ||
|-
| yesterday ||
|-
| last night ||
|-
| tomorrow ||
|-
| tomorrow night ||
|-
| before yesterday ||
|-
| two nights ago ||
|-
| after tomorrow ||
|-
| this week ||
|-
| last week ||
|-
| next week ||
|-
| this year ||
|-
| last year || péruti
|-
| next year ||
|}
 
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Thezhmic"