Verse:Irta/Modern Hebrew: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
m IlL moved page User:IlL/Verse:Irta/Modern Hebrew to Verse:Irta/Modern Hebrew without leaving a redirect |
||
| (34 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Irta Modern Hebrew is used as a Jewish vernacular in | == Irta Modern Hebrew == | ||
Irta Modern Hebrew is used as a Jewish vernacular in America's West Coast, Canada and the Levant (the State of Israel isn't a thing in Irta). Hebrew has 5 million speakers on Irta Earth and 8 million in Cualand. It's a product of the Tsarfati Haskalah, unlike later secular Ăn Yidiș culture. | |||
Irta Modern Hebrew is intended to be mutually intelligible with our Modern Hebrew speakers, though it may sound a bit flowery. In Cualand it's called "French Hebrew" (or עברית צרפתית /iv'ɹiθ tsʌ̹ɹfʌ̹'θiθ/ which may also refer to the traditional Tsarfati reading of Hebrew) and is sometimes made fun of. | Irta Modern Hebrew is intended to be mutually intelligible with our Modern Hebrew speakers, though it may sound a bit flowery. In Cualand it's called "French Hebrew" (or עברית צרפתית /iv'ɹiθ tsʌ̹ɹfʌ̹'θiθ/ which may also refer to the traditional Tsarfati reading of Hebrew) and is sometimes made fun of. | ||
The standard variety today arose from an artificial compromise accent between Irta Yevani Hebrew and Tsarfati Hebrew, with an Ăn Yidiș-influenced accent and grammar. The accent would sound much like Israeli Hebrew with a Hiberno-English accent to people in our timeline, but it does not merge patach and qamatz gadol unlike our timeline's Modern Hebrew. Formal Hebrew is less of an Ăn Yidiș relex, and recent spoken Hebrew's more of an English relex and is becoming closer to | The standard variety today arose from an artificial compromise accent between Irta Yevani Hebrew and Tsarfati Hebrew, with an Ăn Yidiș-influenced accent and grammar. The accent would sound much like Israeli Hebrew with a Hiberno-English accent to people in our timeline, but it does not merge patach and qamatz gadol unlike our timeline's Modern Hebrew. Formal Hebrew is less of an Ăn Yidiș relex, and recent spoken Hebrew's more of an English relex and is becoming closer to Cualand Hebrew (our Modern Hebrew with an approximately Icelandic accent) or our Israeli Hebrew. | ||
Today most native speakers of Hebrew are non-Tsarfati Jews. It's more common for Tsarfatim to be native Ăn Yidiș speakers (in part due to the secular Ǎn Yidiș movement and in part due to the large Haredi population). | |||
=== Phonology === | === Phonology === | ||
* Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˁ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˁ q r ʃ t θ/ = [(ʔ) b~p⁼ v g~k⁼ ɣ~ʁ d̪~t̪⁼~ð d̪~t̪⁼~ð h v z x~χ t̪ʰ~θ j kʰ x~χ l m n s (ʔ) pʰ f t̪s̪{{asp}} kʰ ɹ(ˠ) ʃ t̪ʰ~θ t̪ʰ~θ] | * Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˁ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˁ q r ʃ t θ/ = [(ʔ) b~p⁼ v g~k⁼ ɣ~ʁ d̪~t̪⁼~ð d̪~t̪⁼~ð h v z x~χ t̪ʰ~θ j kʰ x~χ l m n s (ʔ) pʰ f t̪s̪{{asp}} kʰ ɹ(ˠ) ʃ t̪ʰ~θ t̪ʰ~θ] | ||
* Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva na) ḤP ḤS ḤQ/ = [i e̞ e̞ | * Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva na) ḤP ḤS ḤQ/ = [i e̞ e̞ ä ä o o u Ø~ɨ æ~a e̞ o̞] | ||
* /r/ is alveolar and usually an approximant. Some speakers may pronounce it as [ɾ(ˠ)] or [r(ˠ)]. | * /r/ is alveolar and usually an approximant. Some speakers may pronounce it as [ɾ(ˠ)] or [r(ˠ)]. | ||
* /r/ = [ʀ] and the pharyngeal values for heth and ayin are used in solemn speech (to imitate Tiberian Hebrew, though TibH doesn't always use it) | * /r/ = [ʀ] and the pharyngeal values for heth and ayin are used in solemn speech (to imitate Tiberian Hebrew, though TibH doesn't always use it) | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
* Since Ăn Yidiș has final /h/, Irta Modern Hebrew pronounces he mappiq (final /h/) and doesn't have the /-Vɑh/ > /-Vhɑ/ metathesis like our Israeli Hebrew. | * Since Ăn Yidiș has final /h/, Irta Modern Hebrew pronounces he mappiq (final /h/) and doesn't have the /-Vɑh/ > /-Vhɑ/ metathesis like our Israeli Hebrew. | ||
** הַכְצַעֲקָתָהּ /haxtsaakʰɒˈθɒh/ 'is it that bad/serious?' (expression from the Bible; lit. 'is it as its outcry') | ** הַכְצַעֲקָתָהּ /haxtsaakʰɒˈθɒh/ 'is it that bad/serious?' (expression from the Bible; lit. 'is it as its outcry') | ||
=== Examples of non-traditionally lenited /d t/ === | === Examples of non-traditionally lenited /d t/ === | ||
| Line 47: | Line 36: | ||
=== Loanwords === | === Loanwords === | ||
* Patach is used for most instances of /a/ or /æ/ in loanwords. | * Patach is used for most instances of /a/ or /æ/ in loanwords. | ||
* Qamatz gadol as opposed to patach is used for English LOT and THOUGHT, Irish ''á'', Riphean ''ā'' and Korean or Anbirese ''eo''. IE and Arabic feminine ''-a'' and ''-tsyå'' (-tion) in Latin loans are also borrowed with it, as in our timeline. | * Qamatz gadol as opposed to patach is used for English LOT and THOUGHT, Irish and Hivantish ''á'', Riphean ''ā'' and Korean or Anbirese ''eo''. IE and Arabic feminine ''-a'' and ''-tsyå'' (-tion) in Latin loans are also borrowed with it, as in our timeline; this has some precedent in Mishnaic Hebrew as -a words were borrowed with final hei; strategia > astrateghya | ||
** | * Factors attributable to German influence and not explainable otherwise are missing. | ||
** Greek ''s'' doesn't turn to ''z'' unless it was realized as [z] in Greek; so dinosaur is ''dinosaur'', not ''dinozaur''. | |||
** ''-sis'' words become ''-se, -soth'' or ''-sis, -soth'' (e.g. ''tesis, tesot'' 'thesis'; cf. our ModH anime, animot) | |||
* Celtic (Irish, Ăn Yidiș, Brythonic), Sinitic and Korean /k{{asp}} t{{asp}}/ are borrowed as כּ תּ as opposed to ק ט | * Celtic (Irish, Ăn Yidiș, Brythonic), Sinitic and Korean /k{{asp}} t{{asp}}/ are borrowed as כּ תּ as opposed to ק ט | ||
** Notably not English; aspiration in Irta English is a recent phenomenon | ** Notably not English; aspiration in Irta English is a recent phenomenon and only occurs in some dialects | ||
==== Transcribing foreign stops ==== | ==== Transcribing foreign stops ==== | ||
*voiced = ''g'', voiceless = ''q'': English and other Azalic languages, French‚ Latin, Riphean | *voiced = ''g'', voiceless = ''q'': English and other Azalic languages, French‚ Latin, Riphean | ||
*voiced = ''g'', voiceless = ''k'': Japanese, Turkish‚ Celtic, Sinitic, | *voiced = ''g'', voiceless = ''k'': Japanese, Turkish‚ Celtic, Sinitic, Knench | ||
*voiced = ''g'', unaspirated = ''q'', aspirated = ''k'': Arabic, Greek, Korean, Thai, Sanskrit? | *voiced = ''g'', unaspirated = ''q'', aspirated = ''k'': Arabic, Greek, Korean, Thai, Sanskrit? | ||
| Line 78: | Line 69: | ||
* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ /æx/ 'but' and שָׂשׂ /sɑs/ 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל /ævɑl/ and שָׂמֵחַ /sɑ'meæx/. כה /kʰo/ is as common as כל כך /kʰol'kʰɑx/ for 'so (ADJ)'. | * It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ /æx/ 'but' and שָׂשׂ /sɑs/ 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל /ævɑl/ and שָׂמֵחַ /sɑ'meæx/. כה /kʰo/ is as common as כל כך /kʰol'kʰɑx/ for 'so (ADJ)'. | ||
* Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the /hɑ'jɑ ox'el/ construction is more common. | * Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the /hɑ'jɑ ox'el/ construction is more common. | ||
** היה | ** הוא היה אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg ith) | ||
** הוא אוכל = Present | ** הוא אוכל = Present | ||
** הוא אכל = Past perfective | ** הוא אכל = Past perfective | ||
| Line 86: | Line 77: | ||
* ani "I" is sometimes pronounced [ɪni]; this is a regionalism and is rare nowadays | * ani "I" is sometimes pronounced [ɪni]; this is a regionalism and is rare nowadays | ||
* As in Goidelic, the relativizer and the complementizer are consistently distinguished (unlike in Mishnaic Hebrew); ש is always a relativizer | * As in Goidelic, the relativizer and the complementizer are consistently distinguished (unlike in Mishnaic Hebrew); ש is always a relativizer | ||
* The impersonal may sometimes be formed by treating the 3rd person passive form of the verb as an impersonal form (though the 3rd person plural form can also be used as in our Modern Hebrew): 'We're being watched' can be either נצפה בנו ''nitspå bånu'' (normative ''nitspe'') or צופים בנו ''tsofim bånu''. This option doesn't exist when the verb is a "deponent verb" (inherently passive or mediopassive). | |||
** Direct objects of a passive-as-impersonal verb can be marked with ''eth'', though it is nonnormative usage: נאכל '''את''' המרור בסדר פסח ''ne'exål '''eth''' ha måror ba sedher pesax'' (or אוכלים את המרור... ''oxlim eth ha måror...'') 'One eats the maror at the Passover seder'. (cf. ''yeš li '''et'''...'' in our Modern Hebrew) | |||
==Cualand Hebrew== | ==Cualand Hebrew== | ||
Retcon ''balagan'' 'mess' from Cualand ĂnY ''bală gan'' | Retcon ''balagan'' 'mess' from Cualand ĂnY ''bală gan'' | ||
| Line 106: | Line 100: | ||
* עורב /orev/, calque of Inþar, common in Cualand (coincidentally a name in the Bible; we have Anat in our timeline so it's ok) | * עורב /orev/, calque of Inþar, common in Cualand (coincidentally a name in the Bible; we have Anat in our timeline so it's ok) | ||
Diminutives on names are different from our timeline, Irta Hebrew speakers use diminutives from Ăn Yidiș such as ''-in'', ''-ån'', ''-inån'', ''-ak'', ''-akån'', ''-len''. | |||
== Vocabulary == | == Vocabulary == | ||
* / | * /kʰaðeɹex/ = 'directly', matched to Irish ''díreach'' | ||
* Ireland = אירין /e'ɹin/ | * Ireland = אירין /e'ɹin/ | ||
* Irish person = איריני, איריניה, אירינים /eɹi'ni, eɹini'jɑ, eɹi'nim/ | * Irish person = איריני, איריניה, אירינים /eɹi'ni, eɹini'jɑ, eɹi'nim/ | ||
* Irish language = אירינית /eɹi'niθ/ | * Irish language = אירינית /eɹi'niθ/ | ||
* Hivantish = / | * Hivantish = /hivan'di, hivandi'jɑ, hivan'dim; hivan'diθ/ | ||
* sfårdith = archaic name for english | |||
* åzalith = modern term for azalic | |||
* anglith = english | |||
== Original prescriptive accent == | == Original prescriptive accent == | ||